SVKM’S NMIMS

Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering

Department of Electronics &Telecommunication Engineering

BEE & Electronics Lab

Course: - Basic Electrical Engineering

Experiment 1

Introduction to laboratory

Aim:

1. Introduction to the laboratory.

1. To measure the value of resistor, inductor using color coding and
verify it using DMM and LCR meter
2. To familiarize with the function of digital multimeter (DMM)
3. To familiarize with the function of DC power supply
4. To study Breadboard & it’s connections

Apparatus:

 Resistors
 Breadboard
 Digital Multimeter (DMM)
 DC power supply

Theory

Resistor:

A device used in electrical circuits to maintain a constant relation

between current flow and voltage. Resistors are used to step up or lower the
voltage at different points in a circuit and to transform a current signal
into a voltage signal or vice versa, among other uses. The electrical behavior of
a resistor obeys Ohm's law for a constant resistance; however, some
resistors are sensitive to heat, light, or other variables.
Variable resistors, or rheostats, have a resistance that may be varied
across a certain range, usually by means of a mechanical device that alters the
position of one terminal of the resistor along a strip of resistant
material. Resistance is a property of a substance due to which it opposes the
flow of current through it.It is denoted by R and it’s unit is ohms (Ω).
Resistance of many resistors can be determined by reading a series of
colored bands imprinted on the resistor body. In this scheme called
“Resistor Color Code” each color represents a different decimal digit, as shown
in Table 1. The first three bands of the color code are used to specify
nominal value of the resistance, and the fourth, or tolerance band, gives the
percent deviation from the nominal value that the actual resistor may have.
Due to manufacturing variations, the actual resistance may be anywhere in a
range equal to the nominal value plus or minus a certain percentage of that
value.

Breadboard:

Breadboard is a tool on which we construct circuits. It has several small

holes in it which are divided in small rows and columns. Certain combinations
of rows and columns are connected internally and others are insulated.

DC power supply:

DC power supply is used to generate either a constant voltage or a

constant current i.e. it may be used as DC voltage source or a DC current
source. DC stands for direct current. It has three knobs and two indication
lights. One knob is labeled as current and used for adjusting the current
.Second for voltage and used for adjusting the require amount of voltage.
Third one is labeled as fine and is used to adjust the required value in points.
The lights show the power on/off and either it is voltage/current source
respectively.

Digital Multimeter (DMM):

It is used to measure DC Voltage V=, AC Voltage V~, DC current A= & AC

current A~, Capacitance F. It is also used for Diode & Transistor checking.
Procedure:

1. Check the working condition of DMM

2. Select the Ohmic scale on DMM starting with minimum value
3. Connect the probes across the legs of resistor
4. Change the knob to get required reading
5. Measure the value of given resistors:
6. Assemble resistance in series and Parallel to measure the Total
Resistance
7. Voltage can be measured on DC power supply terminals
8. AC voltage can be measured on the Mains.
 Observation Table:

Resistor Color Coding Chart

Resistor value Measurement:

Color Digit Digit Multiplier Tolerance

Black 0 0 100
Brown 1 1 101 1
Red 2 2 102 2
Orange 3 3 103
Yellow 4 4 104
Green 5 5 105 0.5
Blue 6 6 106 0.25
Violet 7 7 107 0.1
Grey 8 8 108
White 9 9 109
Gold 10-1 5
Silver 10-2 10
None 20

Observation Table:

1. Measurement of Resistor:

Sr.No 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Tolerance Observed Practical

. Band Band Band Band Band Value Value
Color Color Color Color Color With
Tolerance
1

2
2. Measurement of Inductor:

Sr.No 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Tolerance Observed Practical

. Band Band Band Band Band Value Value
Color Color Color Color Color With
Tolerance
1

3. Measurement of Capacitor:

1. Ceramic Capacitor:
a. Observed value: ___________________
b. Practical value: ____________________

2. Electrolytic Capacitor:
a. Observed value: ___________________
b. Practical value: ____________________
 Laboratory Equipments

1. Resistor :

Note the color bands on these. Some have 4

bands , others have 5 bands, These bands
indicate the resistance value and tolerance.

2. Capacitor:

Polarized capacitore like Electrolytic capacitors indicate which side is

negative terminal, and should be connected properly as incorrect connection
may ruin the circuit.

3. Inductor:
 Coil wire wrap toroid inductor Radial lead inductor Axial lead inductor

4. Potentiometers:

A potentiometer (“pot”) has a fixed resistance betweenthe left and right pins.
The resistance between left and center pin can be adjusted from zero to the
maximum. The resistance between the center and right pins is simply the
remaining portion of the resistance.

5. Breadboard:

6. DMM-Digital Multimeter: used for measurement

Sr.No Symbol & Sign Indication Description
.
1 Digital Display for 3999counts
reading LCD
2 DC Direct Current 400mV-
measurement 1000V
3 AC Alternate Current or 4V-750V
Voltage
4 AUTO Auto Range Mode
5 Δ Manual Zero in
capacitance
Measurement
6 H Data Hold
7 Diode Measurement
8 KMΩ Resistance Measurement 400Ω-
40MΩ
9 KMHz Frequency Measurement 9.999Hz-
9.999KHz
10 nµF Measurement of 40nF-
Capacitance 100µF
11 mV Voltage measurement
12 µmA DC Current measurement 400µA-20A
13 µmA AC Current measurement 400µA-20A
0
14 C Temperature
measurement
15 % Duty cycle Measurement 0.1%
-99.9%
 16 Continuity Buzzer sounds at 70Ω
Check continuity approax
17 OL Open loop or over large
18 Hfe Transistor hfe
measurement

Conclusion :

To be written by students.