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Assignment # 3
PERITONEAL DIALYSIS
Diabetes
High blood pressure (hypertension)
Kidney inflammation (glomerulonephritis)
Blood vessel inflammation (vasculitis)
Polycystic kidney disease (cysts in the kidney)
Other complications that can stem from dialysis or the underlying kidney
disease include:
Fluid overload. While holding the dialysis fluid in your abdomen for
long periods, your body may absorb too much fluid. This can cause life-
threatening complications, such as heart failure or fluid accumulation and
swelling in your the (pulmonary edema).
Many factors affect how well peritoneal dialysis works in removing wastes
and extra fluid from your blood. These factors include:
Size of patient
How quickly peritoneum filters waste (peritoneal transport rate)
How much dialysis solution used (fill volume)
Peritoneal equilibration test (PET). This test measures how much sugar
has been absorbed from a bag of used dialysis solution and how much of
two waste products; urea and creatinine, have entered into the solution
during a four-hour exchange.
Clearance test. Samples of used dialysis solution and a blood sample are
collected to compare the amount of urea in the used solution with the
amount in the blood. If the patient’s kidneys still produces urine, a urine
sample may be taken at the same time to measure its urea
concentration.
If the test results show that the dialysis schedule is not removing enough wastes, the doctor
may change the prescription. This might involve changing the number of exchanges, increasing the
amount of solution you use for each exchange or using a dialysis solution with a higher
concentration of dextrose, a type of sugar.
HEMODIALYSIS
Hemodialysis is the most common method
of dialysis. Hemodialysis is used for patients
who are acutely ill and require short-term
dialysis (days to weeks) and for patients with
ESRD who require long-term or permanent
therapy. A dialyzer (also referred to as an
artificial kidney) serves as a synthetic
semipermeble membrane, replacing the
renal glomeruli and tubules as the filter for
the impaired kidneys.
2. Daily hemodialysis
The procedure of daily hemodialysis is similar to the conventional
hemodialysis except it is performed six days a week and about 2 hours per
session.
3. Nocturnal hemodialysis
The procedure of nocturnal hemodialysis is similar to conventional
hemodialysis except it is performed six nights a week and six-ten hours per
session while the patient sleeps.