ALTERNATIVE ENERGY

RESOURCES

SCITES

Section: ABB

Submitted by:
Balanag, Valerie
Calapen, Jia Faye A.
Domingo, Mara D.
Flores, Kim A.
Lachica, Joanna Paola L.
Valdez, Julie Anne C.

Submitted to:
Ma’am Clarisse Clauna

Submitted on:
November 21, 2019
 I. ALTERNATIVE ENERGY RESOURCES

II.
Alternative energy resources is any energy source that is an alternative to fossil fuel.
These alternatives are intended to address concerns about fossil fuels, such as its high carbon
dioxide emissions, an important factor in global warming.

Modern technology can capture a lot more of this naturally occurring energy and convert it into
electricity or useful heat.

TYPES OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY RESOURCES

 Wind energy
Energy generated by air flow, where large wind-turbines are spun by wind to generate
electricity.
These structures, which can stand more than 400 feet tall, resemble large pinwheels. As
wind blows, the turbine blades spin, producing kinetic energy. That energy can then be
converted into usable electricity for your home.
Example: Burgos Wind Project, Ilocos Norte – biggest wind farm in the Philippines. The wind
farm is expected to generate approximately 370GWh of electricity a year, which will be used to
power more than 2 million households, while offsetting approximately 200,000t of CO2
emissions annually.

 Solar energy.
Energy harnessed directly from the Sun, where photovoltaic cells (usually composed of
silicon substrate, and arranged in large arrays) convert the Sun’s rays directly into electrical
energy. In some cases, the heat produced by sunshine is harnessed to produce electricity as
well, which is known as solar-thermal power.
In order to harness its energy, solar panels, or photovoltaic cells, use semiconductors to
capture the powerful rays. The semiconductor, typically silicon, absorbs sunlight and knocks its
electrons loose, creating solar energy that can be harnessed and transported to the power grid.
Example: Cadiz Solar Power – it is considered to be the biggest in Southeast Asia and 7th in the
world.

 Geothermal energy.
Energy generated by heat and steam produced by geological activity in the Earth’s crust.
In most cases, this consists of pipes being placed in the ground above geologically active zones
to channel steam through turbines, thus generating electricity.
There are geological hot spots, such as volcanoes or hot springs, all over the world that
are teeming with energy opportunity. These areas radiate extreme temperatures that, if
harnessed, can be converted into renewable energy. To capture this energy, geothermal power
plants are set up around hot spots where they drill into the Earth’s core. The steam or scalding
water that comes up in the process pushes a turbine to create electricity.
Example: Mak-Ban Geothermal Power Plant – located in Bay, Laguna and with facilities also in
neighboring Sto. Tomas, Batangas and Calauan, Laguna. The name Mak-Ban comes from the
two dormant volcanoes nearby: Makiling and Banaha.
  Hydroelectric power.
-This refers to energy generated by hydroelectric dams, where falling water (i.e. rivers or canals)
are channeled through an apparatus to spin turbines and generate electricity.
-Water is another free resource that makes a great alternative energy source. Hydroelectric
power plants typically include a dam that helps control water levels and movement. To generate
energy, the plant forces water through a turbine, causing it to spin. The movement is then
captured by an attached generator that transforms the waters energy into electricity.
Example:
Magat Dam – is a large rock-fill dam on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. The dam
is located on Magat River, a major tributary of Cagayan River. Constructed in 1983, Magat Dam
is one of the largest dams in the Philippines and has two primary purposes: as a source of
irrigation water and as a provider of hydroelectric power. The Magat dam is located on the
Magat River at the boundary between the municipalities of Alfonso Lista in the province of
Ifugao and Ramon in Isabela both on the island of Luzon. The Magat River is the largest
tributary of the Cagayan River, the longest river in the country.

 Biomass.
This refers to fuels that are derived from plants and biological sources – i.e. ethanol,
glucose, algae, fungi, bacteria – that could replace gasoline as a fuel source.
Instead of letting plant waste decompose on its own, the energy stored in the plants can
be converted into renewable energy. Because plants store energy from the sun, they are full of
usable energy that just needs to be harnessed. The process of creating energy involves burning
plant material to create heat and then converting the heat into renewable electricity. Common
biomass materials include forest residue, corn stalks or husks, sawdust and switch grass.
Biofuel is generated by converting animal manure into electricity. As bacteria works to
decompose the manure, special machinery is used to depress oxygen and convert the animal
waste into methane gas. The methane can be used to heat water or create electricity for your
home, while any leftover manure becomes fertilizer.
Example: North Negros Biopower – electricity supply can reach 265,000 people. Capacity:
25MW, CO2 Reduction: 20.600 tons

IMPACTS ON HEALTH

Renewable energy can have substantial benefits to public health.

Renewables and energy efficiency help displace power plants running on coal and other fossil
fuels, which are the leading drivers of climate change. They also help reduce harmful emissions
of nitrous oxide, Sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide.

Using several different computer models to estimate power plant emissions’ cost to public
health, the study shows that building wind farms and implementing energy efficiency measures
produces the greatest public health benefits.

This is because these (wind power) installations operated at off-peak times, such as nights and
during the spring and fall, and were able to displace greater proportions of coal.

Coal-fired power plants are generally used to generate power at all times, regardless of
demand. So, coal, which is the electric power sector’s biggest polluter, is the primary source of
power in the middle of the night when the fewest people are using electricity.

When people are using the most electricity, such as during the middle of a hot summer day,
other lower-carbon sources of electricity, such as natural gas, solar and wind, help meet the
higher demand for power. But at night, when demand for electricity is low, natural gas plants are
idled and solar panels aren’t producing electricity. At those times, wind and energy efficiency
measures can make a big difference by offsetting coal.

Coal is a much higher-emission fuel source for electricity than natural gas is, so when coal
generation is displaced, a lot of emissions are displaced compared to natural gas or other lower-
emissions fuel sources. The total health impacts of air pollution increase as more people are
exposed to the air pollution, so benefits are even higher when these air pollution reductions
happen in areas with a high population.

That means regions that already have a lot of low-carbon energy sources benefitted the least
from building more renewables while areas with the most coal-fired power generation benefitted
the most, especially regions that are very densely populated.

IMPACTS ON SCIENCE

 Help to address future knowledge needed for recreating and improving alternative
energy resources.
 Increase research and improve knowledge on creating more alternative energy
resources.
 Give useful information

IMPACTS ON SOCIETY

 Storage of electricity to use later that can help supply households when electricity
is not available. Just as the invention of refrigeration changed how people consumed
food—allowing them to store it before eating—energy storage can revolutionize the how
we use energy. It lets us produce clean energy when it’s cheapest, store it, and put it
back into the electricity grid when needed. Using storage in conjunction with solar and
wind energy helps ensure that power is available even when the sun isn’t shining and
the wind isn’t blowing.
 Burning of biomass to generate power—may offer a sustainable use for crops and
waste wood.
 For consumers, renewable energy means saving money, since renewable energy
production is often more efficient.
GENERAL ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantage:
 Environmental benefits.
Low or zero carbon emission is without a
doubt the main advantage of alternative
energy over fossil fuels. Solar and wind
power virtually produce zero carbon
emissions, while wood is providing a
sustainable, environmentally friendly and
inexpensive energy for heating, of course
under condition that the firewood is sourced
in sustainably managed forests and burned in
efficient wood burning stoves.
 Increased energy security.
Fossil fuels are unequally distributed and
make the global economy dependent on a
few exporting countries. Utilization of
alternative energy thus significantly reduces
dependence from the international energy
supplies which in turn increases energy
security by providing a stable and cost-
effective energy supply.
 Sustainability.
Unlike the traditional types of energy which
are non-renewable, alternative forms of
energy are renewable which means that they
offer sustainable and stable energy supply in
the long term. The Sun will not stop shining,
the wind will not stop blowing, and trees that
are cut down for wood can easily be
replaced.
 They’ll never run out.
Disadvantages:
 High cost.
Unfortunately, the technologies that utilize
alternative sources of energy remain
relatively expensive. This of course has a
major influence on the prices of energy which
in turn causes concerns about adverse
economic effects. A large segment of industry
depends heavily on cheap energy in order to
be able to keep up with the fierce global
competition.
 Low efficiency.
Alternative energy technologies are relatively
new in offices and are not particularly
efficient. This poses a problem with feasibility
because the investment may not return, even
in the long term. As a result, the interest of
private investors for green technologies
remains relatively low, while the Government
can finance only a certain amount
investments at a time.
 Issues with the stability of the
system.
The energy sector is not only seeking for
alternative solutions to lower carbon dioxide
emissions but to meet the rising demand for
energy as well. In order for the energy supply
system to remain stable, it is crucial for the
supply to meet the demand. And with current
technologies available, alternative types of
energy – especially the most desirable ones
such as solar energy – are unable to produce
enough energy to meet the demand.
 It’s hard to produce the same
These natural energy sources can replace
themselves, making them sustainable and
abundant natural resources.
 They don’t damage our planet.
These clean energy sources are non-
pollutant, produce minimal or no waste
products, and don’t contribute to global
warming - great news for the environment!
 They’re low-maintenance energy
sources.
Renewable energy facilities tend to require
less maintenance than traditional generators.
And as they come from natural, abundant
resources, the operating costs are generally
lower too.
 They’re good news for regional
areas.
As most renewable energy projects are
located in regional areas - away from the big
cities - they can bring economic benefits to
these places. For example, this could come
from more people using local services.
amounts
-as non-renewable sources. It can be difficult
to generate quantities of electricity that are as
large as those produced by traditional fossil
fuel generators.
 Unreliable weather can affect
energy supply.
As renewable energy often relies on certain
weather conditions, this can impact the
reliability of a constant energy supply.
For example:
o Hydro generators need enough rain to
fill dams for their supply of flowing
water.
o Wind turbines need wind to turn their
blades.
o Solar panels need clear skies and
sunshine to get the heat needed to
generate electricity.
o
 III. REFERENCES
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_energy
https://www.universetoday.com/74599/what-is-alternative-energy/
https://www.catalystforum.org.uk/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-alternative-energy.html
https://www.thomas-lloyd.com/en/portfolio-item/north-negros-biopower/?fbclid=IwAR01GB-
ZmTalRX0ofnQ2se-4FhgEzMsyd9kjP0ZY04fSavV0jN02fkpFT_o
https://www.solarschools.net/knowledge-bank/renewable-energy/advantages-disadvantages?
fbclid=IwAR3ndw7nF7Xbgyb1FF9CKV_tt_CmoJXC_ZuvbbLLAbyEWkooqOxnxWzlml4
https://www.climatecentral.org/news/renewables-benefit-climate-public-health-19397?
fbclid=IwAR3G1s2kzWJ3J0mFVJR8ps9DXmzl0pqabkVbT9BJaXjB0PfFGCvkm8bddtI
https://www.ucsusa.org/energy/renewable-energy

IV. IMPRESSION

Valdez, Julie Anne C.

Alternative Energy Sources are any energy sources that is an alternative to fossil fuel.
These alternatives wants to target the main problem and consequences of using fossil fuel.
Energy consumption has a huge part in our daily lives, these energy comes from coal, oil and
natural gas also known as fossil fuel which has a great impact to our health and environment
such as climate change, global warming, air pollution, oil spill and acid rain that can cause
health issues. Fossil fuel can also be depleted. And the future generation can be more affected
to these problems.
These problems triggered the society to look for alternative sources of energy that are more
environmentally sustainable and renewable so renewable energy is the solution to the problem.
Alternative energy sources such as wind power, solar power, hydroelectricity and etc. comes
from resources which can replenish in our lifetime. And these renewable energy is much better
to use because it produce less pollution that can help protect the environment and provide us
cleaner air and water that everyone needs.

Flores, Kim A.
The damage that we have caused to earth after the industrial revolution is huge and we
will have to take action immediately if we want to keep the planet sustainable for our future
generations. The biggest leap that mankind can take to prevent further damage is to start using
alternative energy sources. One answer to global warming is to replace and retrofit current
technologies with alternatives that have comparable or better performance, but do not emit
carbon dioxide. If we shift to use power generated from these sources, then carbon dioxide
emission from the conventional energy sources will be greatly reduced, and the problem of
global warming will be solved in a few years.

Domingo, Mara D.
 Alternative Energy Resources are helpful to the society. Regarding this, people do
benefit with this resources because it has low or zero carbon emission that do not contribute to
global warming. Unlike in ancient times, the type of energy they use is non-renewable.
However, today we have these alternative energy resources which is renewable and that can
supply in the long run because the energy was generated by nature such as wind, water, sun,
residues of forest like husks and heat and steam produced by geological activity.
Concerning this matter, we should take good care of the environment, the nature, because first
of all we need nature that it gives us life and helps us make our life easier with these alternative
energy resources. It may have disadvantages but let us look forward at the positive effects and
work on its disadvantages.

Calapen, Jia Faye A.

Before searching about the topic, the only idea I know about alternative energy
resources is these are other inventions/ alternatives used to produce electricity like solar
panels. Now, I learned that alternative energy resources are alternatives that can produce heat
and energy, that can be used as an alternative for electricity, fuel (biogas fuel), etc. And there
are many types of these alternatives like solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, etc. It
can be a useful alternative when electricity power is not available, especially brownout, and to
also not just use electricity generators that uses gas or fuel. Alternative energy sources are
also helpful to our environment because it can help lessen the production of carbon dioxide
that can harm our climate and natural resources. It is also working with the help of our natural
resources like how the heat of the sun helps in making the solar panels work, how the wind
helps the wind turbines to turn and produce energy, how the biodegradable wastes can be
converted to produce bio-fuel and energy and many more. When we don’t have access to
electricity power, these alternatives are very useful to provide for our needs regarding energy
and electricity, especially in local areas where people are not yet advanced and have lesser
resources. These are much sustainable provider of energy and cheaper that the locals can also
benefit from. For me, if we give more attention in producing more of alternative resources then
maybe we can save our planet from being destroyed, if not then even just slow down the bad
effects of pollution in our planet.

JOANNA PAOLA LACHICA

Imagine a world where sea levels have risen, a world where extreme weather happens
more often and with more intensity, and a world that has very few species of animals left due to
mass extinctions. But that future is still avoidable. The answer is renewable energy sources.
Alternative energy sources are sources of energy that does not use fossil fuels, and generally
are clean and renewable. Some examples include solar, wind and hydroelectric. The overall
health of human and animal life due to less pollution in the air, the fact that alternative energy
sources are renewable, and the job and salary growth for the economy means renewable
energy sources can replace fossil fuels, even though opponents say that they are unreliable
and expensive to implement.
One of the economic benefits of alternative energy is that it creates jobs. In a time
where jobs are hard to find, alternative energy can create the jobs the economy needs
(especially farmer). When income increases, the economy can benefit. This is important for us
Filipino's because we needs jobs for our country's development.
Balanag, Valerie
 In the effort to reduce the need for oil or petroleum as a source of energy many solutions
are being discuss such as wind power, solar power, coal and the use biofuels such as ethanol
as would be alternative fuel sources. Alternative sources of energy can replace the current
technologies we are using. These renewable energy sources are environment friendly as they
emit less carbon dioxide, compared to fossil fuels. There are many alternative sources of
energies that harness natural forces and resources such as solar power, wind power, and
geothermal energy. Energy is everything. It can be found in many forms. Fossil fuels cause
many environmental issues due to the emission of carbon dioxide. However, alternative source
of energy can substitute traditional energy sources with almost no negative effects on the
environment. One of the alternative energy sources is solar power. In smaller scale, it is used
to heat houses, water and in cooking. In larger scale, it is used to generate electricity. Another
source is wind power. Older wind turbines used to grind crops, now to run generators and
generate electricity. A third source is geothermal energy, in which, heated water and steam are
used to run generators.