By:Aveen College of Art English department THE PLAN DEFENITION
TYPES WITH EXAMPELS
CLAUSES VS PHRASES WHAT IS A CLAUSE??
A clause is a group of related
words which has a subject and verb. A clause can function as a sentence by itself or as part of a sentence. Types
MAIN CLAUSES
Every sentence must have a main clause
A main clause has a subject and a predicate and expresses
a complete thought It is the only type of clause that can stand alone as a sentence.
A main clause can be also called an independent clause
Conjunctions cannot be included in your clauses.
Osasuna defeated Barcelona last night .
( independent , main ) .Independent Marker Word An independent marker word is a connecting word used at the beginning of an independent clause. These words can always begin a sentence that can stand alone. When the second independent clause in a sentence has an independent marker word, a semicolon is needed before the independent marker word. Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz; however, it was hard to concentrate because of the noise. Some common independent markers are: also, consequently, furthermore, however,m oreover, nevertheless, and therefor A DEPENDENT CLAUSE A dependent clause or a subordinate is a group of words that contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought. A dependent clause cannot be a sentence. Often a dependent clause is marked by a dependent marker word
When Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his
chemistry quiz . . . (What happened when he studied? The thought is incomplete.)!!! Dependent Marker Word A dependent marker word is a word added to the beginning of an independent clause that makes it into a dependent clause. When Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz, it was very noisy. Some common dependent markers are: after, although, as, as if, because, before, even if, even though, if, in order to, since, though, unless, until, whatever, , whenever,whether, and while. Types of (dependent )subordinate clauses (adjective clause)
Restrictive Clauses: an adjective
clause that are necessary to make the meaning of a sentence clearer (it is essential) It must not be set off by commas
make the meaning clear ,we call them (non –essential)
Always use commas to set off this clause
James Bernard ,who was a standup
comedian, wrote for the New York magazine. Adverb Clause: a subordinate clause that modifies (describes) a verb, an adjective or an adverb .
It tells when, where ,how, why, to
what extent, or under what condition the action has happened . While walking, she listens to the radio
I was happy because I passed the test.
Noun clauses
Noun clause is a subordinate clause
that is used as a noun within the main clause of a sentence You can use a noun clause as a subject, a direct object, an indirect object or an object of a preposition Whoever wins the election , will speak The reporter will do whatever is required to get an interview . The senator will give whoever asks an interview A news story should begin with whatever gets the reader’s attention. Relative clauses modify nouns and sometime pronouns Relative clauses occur with the relative pronouns "that, who, which, whom, whose" Relative clauses may also begin with the following relative adverbs "when, where, why". Examples: I saw the player [who hit you]. I saw the player [that hit you]. I like the park [I jog where]. I would like to know the reason [why you didn't eat the vegtables]. THE END Clauses vs Phrases
Both clauses and phrases are clusters of words.
Clauses contain a subject and verb. If they form complete thoughts, we call them independent clauses. If they form incomplete thoughts, we call them dependent or subordinate clauses. example: While we collected the data dependent clause, the temperature gradually increased independent clause. The subject and verb combinations are we collected in the dependent clause and temperature increased in the independent clause.
Phrases are word clusters lacking subject and verb combinations. example: While collecting data phrase, we noted an increase in temperature. THE END