ENGGPHYS Codes: 2671, 2857, 3002, and 3592 Engr. B.R. P.

Mallare

Class Activity 5:

I. Study the notes on pages 28-31.

II. Prepare ten (10) Multiple Choice Questions and ten (10) Fill-in-the-Blank Questions or
Identification Questions, TYPED OR HANDWRITTEN, on the concepts.

Encircle the letter for the correct answer for the multiple choice questions. Put the answers,
in your handwriting, for the identification/ fill-in-the-blank questions. Put on separate
sheets, in your handwriting, computations necessary for any of the required answers.

III. Solve the following problems. Show your complete handwritten solution.
Use two decimal places.

1. Vehicle A with mass 1500 kg and traveling due East at 2.8 m/s collides head on with vehicle
B, with mass 3800 kg and traveling at 1.6 m/s. Assuming a perfectly elastic collision that lasts
for 0.75 s, determine: a) velocity of each vehicle just after the collision b) the change in
momentum of vehicle A c) the impulse on vehicle B d) the total momentum of the system
before and after the collision e) change in kinetic energy of vehicle B f) the force
experienced by vehicle A during the collision

2. The force experienced by a 3.2 kg object during a 2.0 s time interval is described by the
following expression: ( ) . If the object starts from rest, what will be
its final velocity?

IV. Use short bond paper (1 inch margin on all sides). Put your handwritten name and class
schedule at the top of every page.

V. Those with internet access may submit class works online.

Use the Filename: ENGGPHYS[activitynumber]_[ClassCode]_[FamilyName].docx OR .pdf

Send to engrbpm@gmail.com not later than 10 pm May 3, 2020

Take care! Take heart!

There is no problem too big God cannot solve it…

God Bless!!

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IMPULSE and MOMENTUM

Momentum: inertia of moving objects; quantity of translational motion of a body

⃗ ⃗ in

Newton’s 2nd law: ⃗ ⃗

⃗
⃗

⃗ ( ⃗) ⃗
⃗

If a net force acts on an object, its momentum changes

⃗ ⃗

⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ∫ ⃗

Impulse: a measure of the degree to which an external force changes a particle’s momentum

⃗ ∫ ⃗

If the force is applied over a time interval,

⃗ ⃗

Impulse-Momentum Theorem

The change in the momentum of a particle is equal to the impulse of the net force acting on the particle

⃗ ⃗

⃗ (unit: ) ⃗ (unit: )

Conservation of Momentum:

The total momentum of an isolated system is constant. An isolated system is one for which the sum of
the average external forces acting on the system is zero- only the force (or impact force) due to the
collision is significant.

⃗ ⃗

⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗

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Collision
: A collision is an event where momentum and/or kinetic energy is transferred from one object
to another

Collision along a line

Coefficient of Restitution:

Perfectly Elastic (Bouncy) Collision Perfectly Inelastic (Plastic) Collision

Momentum is conserved: ⃗ ⃗ Momentum is conserved: ⃗ ⃗

Kinetic Energy is conserved:

1. A car is stopped for a traffic signal. When the Assume rightward direction:
light turns green, the car accelerates,
increasing its speed from 0 to 5.2 m/s in 0.832
s. What linear impulse and average force does
a 70.0 kg passenger in the car experience?

Solution
⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗

Applying Impulse-Momentum Theorem: ⃗ ⃗ ⃗

⃗ ⃗ (⃗ ⃗)
⃗⃗⃗
⃗ ( )[( ) ( )]
Magnitude: direction: rightward
⃗

Magnitude: direction: rightward

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2. Suppose a force ( ) acts on a
7.0 kg mass for 3.0 s. If the mass starts from
rest, what will be its final velocity?

Solution:
Consider the time interval from 0 to 3.0 s
⃗
⃗ ⃗

⃗ [ ( ) ( ) ] [ ( )] ( ) ]
⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ∫ ⃗
⃗ ⃗ (⃗ ⃗)
⃗ ⃗ (⃗ ⃗)
[( ⃗ ) ] ⃗⃗

⃗ ∫ ⃗ ∫ ( ) Magnitude: direction: rightward

Note: In the subsequent expressions, the vector symbol ( ) above the quantity is omitted (for shorthand writing) but
the quantities are still treated as vectors. So, direction is indicated by either a positive or negative sign preceding the
quantity.
3. Steel ball A with mass 5.0 kg is moving at 0.80 m/s The direction of the object is not specified.
collides head on with 3.0 kg steel ball B moving at Ball A can be assumed to be moving rightward (+). Since the
1.20 m/s. Assume that the collision is perfectly collision is described to be head on, Ball B must be coming
elastic. Determine from the opposite direction; that is, leftward (-).
a) the velocity of steel balls A and B just after the
collision
b) the change in kinetic energy of steel ball A

Solution:

a)

( ) ( )
Applying conservation of momentum
( ) ( )
⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗

( ) (2)

( )( ) ( )( ) Substitute (2) in (1) and solve for :

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) *( ) +

( )( ) ( )( ) (1)

In (2): ( ) ( )
For perfectly elastic collision,
Coefficient of Restitution

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 b) Speed of A= magnitude of

Speed before the collision,

Speed after the collision,

( )[( ) ( ) ]

[ ]

Note: Since energy is a scalar quantity, the negative sign of does not indicate direction. It simply means that
there is a decrease in the kinetic energy of steel ball A; that is, the final kinetic energy is less than the initial kinetic
energy.
4. A 4000 kg truck traveling due South at 18.0 Consider due North as + direction and due South as -
m/s collides with a1200 kg car traveling due
North at 30 m/s. If the collision is perfectly
inelastic, determine
a) the velocity with which the two vehicles
travel just after the collision
b) the impulse experienced by the truck
c) the total system momentum before and
after the collision

Solution: Substitute (2) in (1)

a)
( ) ( )
Applying conservation of momentum

⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
Velocity of the each vehicle is

b) ⃗
( )( ) ( )( )

( ) ( ) Applying Impulse-Momentum Theorem:

⃗ ⃗
( ) ( )
(1) ⃗ ⃗ (⃗ ⃗ )
For perfectly inelastic collision,
Coefficient of Restitution
⃗ ( )[( ) ( )]

⃗
(2)
c) By conservation of momentum, the system momentum before and after the collision is the same: ⃗ ⃗
In part a) the left side of the expression is ; that is ⃗⃗
So, ⃗⃗

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