Chapter IV

Climate Change and

Energy Crisis
What is Climate Change?
 Change in global or regional patterns
which is attributed largely to the
increased level of atmospheric carbon
dioxide by the use of fossil fuels.
 Associated with an increase in global
average temperature

 Also called global warming which refers to the rise in average surface
temperatures of earth
What are the Causes of Climate Change?
 Main cause of current global warming trend is human expansion of the
“greenhouse effect” – warming that results when the atmosphere traps
heat radiating from Earth towards space
 Human activities such as open burning, emission of fossil fuels, emission
of gas from vehicles and CFC gas are generating an excess of long-lived
greenhouse gases that unlike water vapor, don’t dissipate in response to
temperature increase, resulting in a continuing build up of heat
 Greenhouse gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect include
water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide
What are the Effects of Climate Change?
 More frequent and severe droughts to snowstorms and extreme
weather in temperate regions as a result of warming arctic weather
fonts
 Warming ocean temperatures are increasing the frequency of coral reef
bleaching
 Warmer, drier weather means that forests in some regions are no longer
recovering from wildfires and wildlife habitats around the world are
becoming less hospitable to animals
How is Climate Change Affecting the
Philippines?
1. More intense El Nino
2. Sea surface temperatures to rise
3. Ocean acidification
4. Sea levels to rise by 4 to 6 meters
5. Tropical cyclones to intensify
6. Rainfall, river flow and flooding to intensify
How is Climate Change
Affecting the Philippines?
The El Nino phenomenon occurs
when the surface of the ocean
waters in the Southern Pacific
becomes abnormally warm. The
energy created by this is so great
that it can relate an imbalance in
the weather in the different parts
of the world

More intense El Nino

How is Climate Change Sea surface temperatures to
Affecting the Philippines? rise

This can lead to more powerful storms because get their strength
from heat rising from the sea.
In the Philippines, 4 and 5
degrees Celsius spikes above
the normal sea surface
temperature have been
recorded. Warmer seas kill
coral reefs and can thus lead
to a decline in fish catch,
putting food security in
danger
How is Climate Change
Affecting the Philippines?
The shift in the pH level of the
ocean can lead to widespread
coral reef death that further
endangers food security and
livelihood

Ocean acidification
How is Climate Change
Affecting the Philippines?

Sea levels can submerge low-

lying communities in the country

Sea levels to rise by 4 (Though this illustration is not in the

to 6 meters Philippines, it could also happen in some
low-lying communities in the country)
How is Climate Change
Affecting the Philippines?

Catastrophic effects of severe

weather made worse by climate
change than cause devastation to
the country

Tropical cyclones to
intensify
How is Climate Change
Affecting the Philippines?

Some parts of the country will

make it more difficult for
agriculture and aquaculture
sectors because they are highly
dependent on weather

Rainfall, river flow and

flooding to intensify
Climate Change also impacts the country’s ability
to feed people
1. Climate change is altering production ecosystems and compromising food
security and nutrition for millions of Filipinos
 Due to climate change, crop yields are expected to decline by 25% while
catches of main fish species are expected to decline by 40% in tropical
countries
2. Climate change also affects farmers
 Because of too much heat and too much rain, crops are ruined
3. Food security declines
4. Malnutrition increases
 What is the Energy Crisis?
• An energy crisis is a society-wide economic
problem caused by a constricted supply of
energy, leading to diminished availability and
increased price to consumers
• Energy crisis is the concern that the world’s
The world faces an demands on the limited natural resources that
energy crisis that stems
from the confluence of
are used to power industrial society are
unfavorable diminishing as the demand rises
developments in the • Governments and concerned individuals are
areas of energy supply working to make the use of renewable
and demand, climate resources a priority, and to lessen the
change, and energy irresponsible use of natural supplies through
security.
increased conservation.
Causes of the Energy Crisis

1. Over-consumption
 A prolonged pattern of overconsumption leads to environmental degradation
and the eventual loss of resource bases.

2. Overpopulation
Growing populations consume more energy. Energy consumption exerts
demands on energy resources making them scarcer, hence they become
harder to extract
Causes of the Energy Crisis
3. Unexplored Renewable Energy Options
 Renewable energy still remains unused is most of the countries. Most of
the energy comes from non-renewable sources like coal. It still remains the
top choice to produce energy. Unless we give renewable energy a serious
thought, the problem of energy crisis cannot be solved. Renewable energy
sources can reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and also helps to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions.
Causes of the Energy Crisis
4. Poor Infrastructure
Aging infrastructure of power generating equipment is yet another reason
for energy shortage. It is the responsibility of utilities to keep on upgrading
the infrastructure and set a high standard of performance.

5. Delay in Commissioning of Power Plants

In few countries, there is a significant delay in commissioning of new power
plants that can fill the gap between demand and supply of energy. The result
is that old plants come under huge stress to meet the daily demand for
power. When supply doesn’t matches demand, it results in load shedding
and breakdown.
Causes of the Energy Crisis
6. Wastage of Energy
 Simple things like switching off fans and lights when not in use, using
maximum daylight, walking instead of driving for short distances, using CFL
instead of traditional bulbs, proper insulation for leakage of energy can go a
long way in saving energy.
7. Poor Distribution System
 Frequent tripping and breakdown are result of a poor distribution system
8. Major Accidents and Natural Calamities
 Major accidents like pipeline burst and natural calamities like eruption of
volcanoes, floods, earthquakes can also cause interruptions to energy
supplies
Causes of the Energy Crisis
9. Wars and Attacks
 Wars between countries can also hamper supply of energy specially if it
happens in Middle East countries like Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, UAE or
Qatar. That’s what happened during 1990 Gulf war when price of oil reached
its peak causing global shortages and created major problem for energy
consumers.
10.Miscellaneous Factors
Tax hikes, strikes, military coup, political events, severe hot summers or cold
winters can cause sudden increase in demand of energy and can choke
supply
Solutions to Energy Crisis
Chapter V
Environmental Awareness
Why is it important:
1.Fosters sense of connection to natural
world
2.It can also promote the sustainable
development
3.Encourages conservation of the
irreplaceable natural resources
Promotion of Environmental Education
 Future generations should not inherit our environmental
problems and in order to keep their future bright, spreading
awareness is imperative
 Environmental education is a process that allows individuals to
explore environmental issues engage in problem solving and take
actions to improve the environment
 Individuals should develop a deeper understanding of
environmental issues and show the skills to make informed and
responsible decisions
Components of Environmental Education
1. Awareness and sensitivity to the environment and
environmental changes
2. Knowledge and understanding of the environment
3. Attitudes of concern for the environmental and motivation to
improve or maintain environmental quality
4. Skills to identify and help resolve environmental challenges
5. Participation in activities that lead to the resolution of
environment problems
 Benefits of
Environmental Education

1 The imagination and

enthusiasm are
being heightened.
2 Learning transcends the classroom.
3 It enhances the critical and creative
thinking.
4 Develop tolerance and understanding.
 State and national learning standards are
5
met for multiple subjects.
6 The Biophobia and nature deficit
disorder decline.
7 It encouraged the healthy lifestyle of
people.
8 Communities are strengthened.
9 Responsible action is taken to better the
environment.
10 Students and teacher are empowered.
ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP IN THE
ACADEMIC SERVICE LEARNING:

Forging linkages with community for nature preservation

Educate people on the proper waste segregations

Reduce waste, reusing and also recycling

materials

Decreasing the energy cost in school campuses

Chapter VI
Alternative Energy Resources
 Nuclear Power
 Nuclear power is a clean and efficient way of boiling water to make steam,
which turns turbines to produce electricity
 Nuclear power offers many benefits for the environment as well. Power plants
don’t burn any materials so they produce no combustion by-products.
Additionally, because they don’t produce greenhouse gases, nuclear plants
help protect air quality and mitigate climate change
 When it comes to efficiency and reliability, no other electricity source can
match nuclear. Nuclear power plants can continuously generate large-scale,
around-the-clock electricity for many months at a time, without interruption
 Hydroelectric Energy
 Hydroelectric energy is a form of
renewable energy that uses the power of
moving water to generate electricity
 It is does not create pollution
 Offers secondary benefit because the
dams used in generating hydroelectric
power also contributes to flood control
and irrigation techniques
 Wave Energy
 Wave energy utilizes the power of
ocean waves to create usable
electricity
 One of the benefits is the lack of
waste produced
 Not only can wave energy provide a
strong and reliable source of
electricity, it can also help solve the
world’s clean water crisis
 Biofuels make use of animal and plant life to
create energy. They are fuels that can be obtained
from some form of organic matter (from
agricultural crops, including conventional food
plants or from special energy crops, forestry,
agricultural or fishery products or municipal
wastes, as well as from agro-industry, food
industry and food service by-products and wastes)
 Natural Gas
 Natural gas is a fossil energy source that formed deep beneath the earth's
surface
 Natural gas is not used in its pure form; it is processed and converted into
cleaner fuel for consumption. Many by-products are extracted while
processing of natural gas like propane, ethane, butane, carbon dioxide,
nitrogen etc, which can be further used.
 Geothermal Power
 A natural source of power found
below the surface of the earth that
has been around for centuries.
 Geothermal power does not require
the burning of any fossil fuels. The
hot water or steam used is returned
to the ground after it is used where it
can be used again, which makes it a
renewable energy source as well.
 Wind Energy
 The process of creating electricity
using the wind, or air flows that occur
naturally in the earth’s atmosphere
 The turbines in a wind farm are
connected so the electricity they
generate can travel from the wind
farm to the power grid. Once wind
energy is on the main power grid,
electric utilities or power operators
will send the electricity to where
people need it.
 Biomass Energy
 Biomass is a renewable energy
source that is derived from organic
matter such as wood, crop waste, or
garbage
 Biomass can be burned to release its
stored energy or it can be converted
to other useable forms of energy.
 Tidal Energy
 Tidal energy is power produced by
the surge of ocean waters during the
rise and fall of tides.
 Tidal power has great potential for
future power and electricity
generation because of the massive
size of the oceans
 Hydrogen Gases
 Hydrogen gas is an important energy carrier and a potential alternative
clean energy fuel with a significant stake in the global fuel market
 Hydrogen gas is needed for main electrical generator cooling on all power
stations, for the production of methane gas on nuclear stations and for
control of oxygen in the reactor coolant on nuclear stations
 Renewable Sources of Energy
 Renewable energy is energy
produced from sources that do not
deplete or can be replenished
within a human's life time.
 The most common examples
All sources of include biomass, hydro energy,
geothermal energy, solar energy,
energ y a re tidal energy, wave energy, wind
derived from energy and wood energy.
na ture