PIR SENSOR

The PIR (Passive Infra-Red) Sensor is a Pyroelectric device that

detects motion by measuring changes in the infrared levels emitted by surrounding
objects. This motion can be detected by checking for a high signal on a single I/O pin.

Module provides an optimized circuit that will detect motion up to 6

meters away and can be used in burglar alarms and access control systems.
Inexpensive and easy to use, it's ideal for alarm systems, motion-activated lighting,
holiday props, and robotics applications.

The Output can be connected to microcontroller pin directly to monitor

signal or a connected to transistor to drive DC loads like a bell, buzzer, siren, relay,
opto-coupler (e.g. PC817, MOC3021), etc. The PIR sensor and Fresnel lens are fitted
onto the PCB. This enables the board to be mounted inside a case with the detecting
lens protruding outwards.

Features

 Complete with PIR, Motion Detection IC and Fresnel Lens

 Simple 3 connections
 Dual Element Sensor with Low Noise and High Sensitivity
 Supply Voltage: 5V DC
 Standard 5V Active High Output pin for connecting to microcontroller directly
 Detecting range up to 6 meters
 Module Dimensions: 25mm Length, 32mmWidth, 18mm Height

Applications

 Motion-activated nightlight
 Alarm systems
 Robotics
 Holiday animated props
Theory of Operation

Pyroelectric devices, such as the PIR sensor, have elements made of a

crystalline material that generates an electric charge when exposed to infrared
radiation. The changes in the amount of infrared striking the element change the
voltages generated, which are measured by an on-board amplifier. The device
contains a special filter called a Fresnel lens, which focuses the infrared signals onto
the element. As the ambient infrared signals change rapidly, the on-board amplifier
trips the output to indicate motion.

The PIR (Passive Infra-Red) Sensor is a Pyroelectric device that

detects motion by measuring changes in the infrared (heat) levels emitted by
surrounding objects. This motion can be detected by checking for a sudden change in
the surrounding IR patterns. When motion is detected the PIR sensor output will be a
high signal on its output pin. This logic signal can be read by a microcontroller or
used to drive a transistor to switch a higher current load.

Range of Operation

The PIR Sensor has a range of approximately 20 feet (6 meters). This can vary with
environmental conditions. The sensor is designed to adjust to slowly changing
conditions that would happen normally as the day progresses and the environmental
conditions change, but responds by making its output high when sudden changes
occur, such as when there is motion.

FIGURE 1 RANGE OF SENSOR

This device is designed for indoor use. Operation outside or in extreme

temperatures may affect stability negatively. Due to the high sensitivity of PIR sensor
device, it is not recommended to use the module in the following or similar condition.
  In rapid environmental changes & strong shock or vibration
 In a place where there is obstructing material (e.g. glass) through which IR
cannot pass within detection area.
 Exposed to direct sun light or direct wind from a heater or air condition

Application: Motion Activated Light

The PIR modules produce a momentary output when they detect a

movement. This momentary output is not enough if you wish to use these modules for
room lights. The Circuit proposed here is RC combination with transistor as a switch.

The RC combination proposed here should give an ON time of

between 7-8 minutes. You can try different values of RC connected to base of first
transistor to get the desired ON time.
Since this circuit also has a relay which you can use to switch on/off
room lights, which also means dealing with high voltage electricity, you should be
very careful while connecting this circuit to Mains voltage.