"Approved"

Deputy Minister of Energy of the Russian Federation

[signature] P. Yu. Sorokin
January 24, 2019

Methodical Recommendations
in Respect of Calculation of Technological Losses of the Natural Gas in the Course of its
Transportation through the Main Gas Pipelines

These Methodical Recommendations were developed in order to ensure calculations of the

technological losses of the natural gas in the course of gas transportation through the main gas
pipelines (hereinafter to be referred to as the "Methodical Recommendations"). These Methodical
Recommendations are intended for use by the organizations, which provide services of the natural
gas transportation, as well as by the organizations, which provide natural gas for subsequent
transportation of this gas. These organizations have to use the same in the course of preparation of
the substantiating documents, as well as in the course of calculations of technological losses of the
natural gas in the course of gas transportation through main gas pipeline.
These Methodical Recommendations were developed instead of the "Methodical Instruction for
Calculation and Substantiation of Technological Losses of the Natural Gas in the Process of
Transportation thereof through Main Gas Pipelines", which were approved by the Ministry of Energy
of the Russian Federation on July 9, 2012.
For the purposes of the present Methodical Recommendations, the following terms and definitions
are used in this document:
Balance of gas: it is the quantitative resulting equal relationship, which includes several components.
On the one hand, it includes gas deliveries and balances as of the beginning of the reporting period.
On the other hand, it includes the following components: volumes of the gas sampling system for
various purposes (including production needs and domestic needs); various losses (including
technological losses); volumes of the gas supplies to consumers and/or purchasers; balances of gas as
of the end of the reporting period.
Gas-compressor plant (GCP): it is the plant, which includes gas compressor/impeller, actuating unit
(gas-turbine actuator, electric actuator, piston-type actuator or actuating unit of another type), as well
as the equipment, which is required in order to ensure operation of these units.
Main gas pipeline: it is the technologically indivisible production complex, which is centrally
administered. This production complex consists of the interconnected objects, which form the
integral technological section of this complex. These objects are intended for transportation of the
relatively prepared natural gas (which must be prepared in accordance with the relevant technical
regulations and national standards) from gas production sites and/or gas delivery points to the points
of gas supply to consumers or points of gas transfer to the distribution pipelines (or to the gas storage
facilities).
Gas pipeline branch: it is the gas pipeline, which ensures the uncompressed natural gas supply from
the main gas pipeline to the GDS or GMS.
Gas operating pressure: it is the maximum possible gas pressure, which was established in
accordance with the relevant project and which ensures standard operating procedure of the gas
pipeline.
Source of technological losses of the natural gas: losses of the natural gas occur in the course of the
natural gas transportation through the main gas pipelines due to technological functioning of such
 2

source. As a rule, it is certain production facility - structure, technological equipment or device.

Methodology: it is the method of calculation, determination, and definition of the required/desired
values, of relevant algorithm of implementation of various operations and procedures of performance
of works.
Technological losses of the natural gas in the course of gas transportation through the main gas
pipelines (hereinafter to be referred to as the "technological losses") are the irrecoverable and
unavoidable losses of the natural gas, which result from the technological characteristics of the
transportation process. This process is determined by the project design documents, by requirements
of the regulatory documents, by provisions of standards, as well as by physical and chemical
characteristics of the transported natural gas.
The normative standard of technological losses of the natural gas in the course of gas transportation
through the main gas pipelines: it is the relative value of losses of the natural gas. This value is
determined by the technological process of the natural gas transportation through the relevant
division of the main gas pipeline during the calculation period. This relative value is calculated in
respect of the entire volume of the natural gas, which must be transported through this division in
accordance with technological scheme of transportation. This scheme must be approved in
accordance with the established procedure.
Transportation of the natural gas is a combination of the following technological operations:
pumping (acceptance) of natural gas with the purpose of its subsequent transportation through the
main gas pipelines; transit (pumping transfer) of natural gas from the gas acceptance points to the gas
delivery points; supply/delivery of natural gas in accordance with the results of its transportation
with the help of the pipeline transport facilities.
 3

CONVENTIONAL DESIGNATIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

GMS - gas-measuring station;
GOST - state standard (of the Russian Federation);
GCP - gas-compressor plant;
GDS - gas distribution station;
SCV - shutoff and control valves;
CMD&A - control and measuring devices & automatic equipment;
GCS - gas compressor station;
CD - compressor department;
LS - linear pipeline section;
LPD MP - line production department of the main gas pipeline
MP - main gas pipeline;
PV - pressure safety valve;
PPFSIG - plant for preparation of fuel gas, start gas, and impulse gas;
QRD - quick-detachable restriction device;
CC - centrifugal compressor;
 4

1. General Provisions
1.1. Calculations of volumes of technological losses of the natural gas in the course of gas
transportation with the help of the pipeline transport facilities during the scheduling period are
performed in the following units of measurement: thousand of cubic meters. These calculations are
performed at the following standard conditions: temperature of gas T st = 293.15K; absolute pressure
of gas Pabs = 0.1013 MPa.
1.2. Subjects of entrepreneurial activities have to prepare materials for substantiation of
technological losses of the natural gas with the purpose of subsequent approval of relevant normative
standards of technological losses during the scheduling period on the basis of the below-listed
materials. These substantiating materials include the following: approved project design documents;
regulatory documents, which specify technological process of transportation; provisions of the
standards that are considered as the documents, which substantiate inevitableness of technological
losses:
- technological section of the approved project design documents;
- technological schemes of the approved project design documents;
- technological flow charts (including flow charts of technological operating practices);
- technological practices of operation of the GCS, CD, LS, GDS, GMS etc;
- material balance in accordance with the project design documents;
- documents, which were developed by the manufacturing plants (including the passports, which
specify operation of the technological equipment;
- results of the laboratory tests of natural gas;
- documents, which confirm parameters of natural gas in the course of calculation of volumes of
technological losses of the natural gas.
1.3. Calculations of volumes of technological losses of the natural gas are performed in respect of
each specific source (group of sources) of technological losses (with the help of results of
measurements and the data of laboratory tests) on the basis of inventory of relevant sources of
technological losses.
As concerns capital construction objects and objects of reconstruction, it is possible to use results of
calculations of technological losses, which are presented in the project design documents.
1.4. Inventory of the sources of technological losses is performed in accordance with the project
design documents in respect of the main gas pipeline, as well as in accordance with the actual
availability of the operated technological equipment (operated structures). The abandoned, standby,
or emergency equipment/structures is/are not taken into consideration in the course of calculation of
technological losses.
1.5. It is necessary to draw up the statement of technological losses in respect of relevant sites of
occurrence of technological losses and the summary statement for the entire gas transportation
system on the basis of calculations of volumes of technological losses of the natural gas in respect of
each source (group of sources) of technological losses.
1.6. Samples of gas are taken in accordance with the GOST 31370-2008 "Natural Gas. Sampling
Guidelines".
1.7. Coefficient of supercompressibility of natural gas is determined in accordance with the GOST
30319.2-2015 or GOST 30319.3-2015.
1.8. Adiabatic exponent of natural gas is determined in accordance with the GOST 30319.3-2015.
1.9. Parameters, which are used in the formulas for numerical calculations of technological losses of
 5

the natural gas (except for the generally accepted parameters) are confirmed by the relevant
documents (for example, test certificates etc.).
2. Technological Losses of the Natural Gas in the Course of its Transportation through the
Main Gas Pipelines
2.1. Technological losses of the natural gas are divided into the following kinds of losses:
- losses of the natural gas as the consequence of release of gas to the atmosphere in the course of
the technological operations, which result from the technological conditions of transportation;
- balances of natural gas within the main gas pipeline after implementation of the procedures in
order to ensure preparation of the main gas pipeline for performance of the overhaul repair
operations;
- losses of the natural gas due to allowable leakages from the equipment and from various
apparatuses (in accordance with the passports, which were issued by the manufacturing plants) in
the course of performance of technological operating practices of gas transportation;
- losses of the natural gas as the consequence of release of gas to the atmosphere in the course of
inspections of equipment or instruments. These losses result from requirements of the regulatory
documents or from provisions of the documents in the sphere of standardization, references to
these documents are made in the relevant project design documents;
- losses of the natural gas in the course of sampling for chemical analysis and analytical control in
accordance with the approved technological scheme of the object of the natural gas transportation.
2.2. Technological losses of the natural gas in the course of gas transportation through the main gas
pipelines are divided into various kinds of losses in respect of the sites of occurrence of losses:
- technological losses of the natural gas within the gas compressor stations (hereinafter to be
referred to as the GCS);
- technological losses of gas within a certain division of the linear pipeline division of the main gas
pipeline (hereinafter to be referred to as the LS);
- technological losses of the natural gas within the gas distribution stations (hereinafter to be
referred to as the GDS);
- technological losses of the natural gas within the gas-measuring stations (hereinafter to be referred
to as the GMS).
Technological losses of the natural gas within the GCS in the course of performance of technological
operations of the natural gas transportation through the main gas pipelines are as follows:
a) losses of gas in the course of the planned startups of the GCP;
b) losses of gas in the course of the planned shutdowns of the GCP;
c) losses of gas in the course of controlling power pneumatic actuator of the shut-off devices and the
regulating taps within the CD in the case of utilization of natural gas as the "impulse gas" in the
absence of the additional system for relevant preparation of natural gas;
d) losses of gas in the course of purging apparatuses within the CD (dust-collecting devices, filters-
separators, absorbers, separators, receivers etc.);
e) losses of gas from the sealing system of the CC;
f) losses of gas from the CMD&A, as well as from the protective equipment;
g) losses of gas in the course of sampling for chemical analysis and analytical control in accordance
with the approved technological scheme of the CD, which is presented in the project design
documents;
h) losses of gas from the SCV, if it is envisaged in accordance with the passport of relevant SCV.
Technological losses of the natural gas within the LS of the main gas pipeline in the course of
performance of technological operations of the natural gas transportation through the main gas
pipelines are as follows:
 6

a) losses of gas in the course of controlling power pneumatic actuator of taps within the LS in the
case of utilization of natural gas as the "impulse gas" in the absence of the additional system for
relevant preparation of natural gas;
b) losses of gas in the course of purging operation of apparatuses (dust-collecting devices,
separators, of absorbers etc.);
c) losses of gas in the course of sampling for chemical analysis and analytical control in accordance
with the approved technological scheme of the LS of the MP, which is presented in the project
design documents;
d) losses of gas from the SCV, if it is envisaged in accordance with the passport of relevant SCV;
e) losses of residual volumes of gas after implementation of the procedures with the purpose of
emptying the main gas pipeline before performance of the overhaul repair.
Technological losses of the natural gas within the GDS in the course of performance of technological
operations of the natural gas transportation through the main gas pipelines are as follows:
a) losses of gas in the course of controlling power pneumatic actuator of taps in the case of
utilization of natural gas as the "impulse gas" in the absence of the additional system for relevant
preparation of natural gas;
b) losses of gas from the CMD&A and of the protective equipment;
c) losses of gas in the course of operation of pneumatic controllers and pneumatic devices with
utilization of the process gas;
d) losses of gas in the course of purging operation of apparatuses (dust-collecting devices, separators
etc.);
e) losses of gas in the course of purging drainage lines of the QRD and purging impulse lines of the
gas sampling system to the pressure sensors and pressure differential sensors;
f) losses of gas in the course of sampling for chemical analysis and analytical control in accordance
with the approved technological scheme of the GDS, which is presented in the project design
documents;
g) losses of gas from the SCV, if it is envisaged in accordance with the passport of the SCV.
Technological losses of the natural gas within the GMS in the course of performance of
technological operations of the natural gas transportation through the main gas pipelines are as
follows:
a) losses of gas in the course of controlling power pneumatic actuator of taps in the case of
utilization of natural gas as the "impulse gas" in the absence of the additional system for relevant
preparation of natural gas;
b) losses of gas in the course of operation of pneumatic controllers and pneumatic devices with
utilization of the process gas;
c) losses of gas in the course of inspection of workability of the pressure safety valves;
d) losses of gas in the course of purging drainage lines of the QRD and purging impulse lines of the
gas sampling system to the pressure sensors and pressure differential sensors;
e) losses of gas in the course of sampling for chemical analysis and analytical control in accordance
with the approved technological scheme of the GMS, which is presented in the project design
documents;
f) losses of gas from the SCV, if it is envisaged in accordance with the passport of the SCV.
The following losses are not considered as the technological losses in the course of gas transportation
through the main gas pipelines:
- losses of the natural gas, which were caused by the actions, which are not connected with the
technological operations of the natural gas transportation through the main gas pipelines;
- losses of the natural gas, which were caused by violations of the regulatory legal documents, which
specify functioning of objects of the main gas pipelines in the course of gas transportation, or
 7

violations of provisions of the standardization documents, references to these documents are made in
the relevant project design documents;
- losses of the natural gas, which have occurred in the course of performance of the emergency repair
works;
- volumes of natural gas, which were used for own needs, including technological needs, production
and technological needs, and/or utility needs;
- losses of the natural gas, which have occurred due to emergencies, as well as due to thefts of the
transported gas;
- volumes of natural gas, which were subject to additional reprocessing with the help of the PPFSIG
(along with relevant changes in the gas quality) and which ensure operation of the equipment;
- volumes of natural gas, which are used in the course of performance of the preventive maintenance
work and repair operations, as well as which are used in the course of performance of tests and
running diagnostics operations at the objects of the main gas pipelines,
Technological losses of the natural gas in the course of its transportation through the main gas
pipelines cannot be considered as the losses of gas in the course of performance of repair-and-
renewal operations, in the course of cleaning and emptying the equipment or pipelines in order to
perform repair operations, including:
- cleaning of the internal cavity and performance of the in-line technical diagnostics of active gas
pipelines;
- elimination of emergencies and removal of hydrate plugs;
- repair and reconstruction of pipes at the linear pipeline section of the MP;
- connection of gas supply lines and interconnectors in order to make the main gas pipeline along
with the release of natural gas to the atmosphere;
- procedures of filling of the odorizing and methanol devices;
- revision and replacement of restriction devices (pipeline orifices) within the GMS, as well as at the
gas flow-rate measurement points of natural gas.
2.3. Sources of occurrence of technological losses of the natural gas in the course of its transportation
through the main gas pipelines are listed and described in Table 1.
Table 1. Typical sources of occurrence of technological losses of the natural gas in the course of
gas transportation through the main gas pipelines
Source of occurrence of losses Source of technological Kind of technological losses
(technological process) losses
Compressor stations:
Gas-compressor plant (GCP):
Purging of contour of the Vent pipe of the process Losses of gas in the course of
centrifugal compressor (CC) piping of the CC the planned startups of the GCP
Emptying of the blower contour Vent pipe of the process Losses of gas in the course of
and contour of technological piping of the CC the planned shutdowns of the
communications GCP
System of sealing devices of the Vent pipe of the gas separator Losses of gas from the sealing
CC of the sealing system of the system of the CC (if it is
CC envisaged in accordance with
the passport of relevant CC)
Technological apparatuses and communications within the CD:
Purging of the dust-collecting Vent pipes of the relevant Losses of gas in the course of
 8

devices, condensate collectors, equipment purging apparatuses within the

separators etc.
Check of operation of the safety
relief valves (SRV) and the
CMD&A devices
Control of the power pneumatic
actuator of the shut-off devices
and control of regulating taps
Operation of the shutoff and
control valves at the GCS
Drawing of samples
Vent pipe of the SRV and the
CMD&A devices
Relief valves of actuators of
the shut-off devices
Vent pipes
Sampling devices
CD
Losses of gas from the CMD&A
devices and from the protective
equipment
Losses of gas in the course of
controlling power pneumatic
actuator of the shut-off devices
and controlling the regulating
taps
Losses of gas from the SCV (if
it is envisaged in accordance
with the passport of relevant
SCV)
Losses of gas in the course of
sampling in accordance with the
approved technological scheme,
which is presented in the project
design documents

continuation of Table 1.

Source of occurrence of losses Source of technological losses Kind of technological losses

(technological process)
Linear division of the main gas pipeline:
Purging of apparatuses within
the LS
Control of the power actuator of
the shut-off devices
Operation of the shutoff and
control valves within the LS
Preparation of the gas pipeline
for performance of the overhaul
repair operations
Gas distribution stations:
Vent pipes of the relevant Losses of gas in the course of
equipment purging operation of
apparatuses
Relief valves of actuators of the Losses of gas in the course of
shut-off devices controlling power pneumatic
actuator of taps (in accordance
with the passport of the
relevant equipment)
Vent pipes Losses of gas from the SCV (in
accordance with the passport of
relevant SCV)
Vent pipes Losses of residual volumes of
gas after implementation of the
procedures with the purpose of
emptying the main gas pipeline
before performance of the
overhaul repair

Control of the power actuator of
the shut-off devices
Relief valves of actuators of the Losses of gas in the course of
shut-off devices controlling power pneumatic
actuator of taps (in accordance
with the passport of the
relevant equipment)

Purging of connecting lines Relief valves within the Losses of gas from the

within the CMD&A, purging
operation of the automation and
telemechanics systems within
the GDS. Check of operation of
the safety relief valves (SRV)
Operation of pneumatic
controllers and pneumatic
devices
Purging of apparatuses within
the GDS, purging drainage lines
of the QRD and purging
impulse lines of the gas
sampling system to the pressure
sensors and pressure differential
sensors
Operation of the shutoff and
control valves within the GDS
Drawing of samples
continuation of Table 1.
Source of occurrence of losses Source of technological losses
(technological process)
Gas-measuring stations:
Control of the power actuator of Relief valves of actuators of the
the shut-off devices
Operation of pneumatic
controllers and pneumatic
devices
Purging of drainage lines of the
QRD and purging impulse lines
of the gas sampling system to
the pressure sensors and
pressure differential sensors
Operation of the shutoff and
control valves within the GMS
9
connecting lines. Vent pipe of CMD&A devices and from the
the SRV. protective equipment
Vent pipes of the relevant Losses of gas in the course of
equipment operation of pneumatic
controllers and pneumatic
devices (in accordance with the
passport of the relevant
equipment)
Vent pipes of the relevant Losses of gas in the course of
equipment purging operation of
apparatuses, purging drainage
lines of the QRD and purging
impulse lines
Vent pipes Losses of gas from the SCV (if
it is envisaged in accordance
with the passport of relevant
SCV)
Sampling devices Losses of gas in the course of
sampling in accordance with
the approved technological
scheme, which is presented in
the project design documents
Kind of technological losses
Losses of gas in the course of
shut-off devices controlling power pneumatic
actuator of taps (in accordance
with the passport of relevant
shut-off devices)
Vent pipes of the relevant Losses of gas in the course of
equipment operation of pneumatic
controllers and pneumatic
devices (in accordance with the
passport of the relevant
equipment)
Vent pipes of the relevant Losses of gas in the course of
equipment purging drainage lines of the
QRD and purging impulse lines
Vent pipes Losses of gas from the SCV (if
it is envisaged in accordance
 10

with the passport of relevant

SCV)
Drawing of samples Sampling devices Losses of gas in the course of
sampling in accordance with
the approved technological
scheme, which is presented in
the project design documents

2.4. Volume of technological losses of the natural gas within the GCS (П КС = LGCS) is determined as
the sum of technological losses of the natural gas within the sources of losses of each CD.
Volume of technological losses of the natural gas within the linear pipeline section of the main gas
pipeline (ПЛЧ = LLS) is determined as the sum of technological losses of the natural gas within the
sources of losses of this section.
Volume of technological losses of the natural gas within the GDS (П ГРС = LGDS) is determined as the
sum of technological losses of the natural gas within the sources of losses GDS.
Volume of technological losses of the natural gas within the GMS (П ГИС = LGMS) is determined as the
sum of technological losses of the natural gas within the sources of losses GMS.
Volume of technological losses of the natural gas within the certain line production department of the
main gas pipeline (LPD MP) during the scheduling period (QЛПУ МГ = ПЛПУ МГ = LLPD MP) is calculated
using the following formula:
LLPD MP=LGCS+LLS+LGDS+LGMS (2.1)
2.5. Volume of technological losses of the natural gas for the entire gas transportation system during
the scheduling period is calculated using the following formula (in the formula below: П го = Lgts;
ПЛПУ МГ = LLPD MP):

where: NЛПУ denotes quantity of various line production departments (N LPD) of the main gas pipeline
within the entire gas transportation system.

3. Calculation of Volumes of Technological Losses of the Natural Gas in the Course of

Gas Transportation through the Main Gas Pipelines

In order to calculate technological losses of the natural gas in the course of gas transportation
through the main gas pipelines, it is necessary to calculate losses in respect of each specific place of
occurrence of these losses, as well as in respect of each kind of these losses. In addition, it is
necessary to present documentary confirmation in respect of all parameters, which are used in
calculations. This section presents description of the recommended practices for calculation of
technological losses of the natural gas in the course of its transportation through the main gas
pipelines in respect of each kind of these losses, as well in respect of sites of occurrence of these
losses. In addition, this section presents methodical recommendations in respect of submission of the
documents that are required for confirmation of the parameters, which are used in calculations.

3.1 Losses of the Natural Gas at the Gas Compressor Station (GCS)

Technological losses of the natural gas within the GCS (ПКС = LGCS, thou. cub. m) are calculated in
accordance with the following formula:
 11

where:

(ПГПА КЦi = LGCP CDi; пуск = startup) denotes losses of the natural gas in the course of the planned
startups of the GCP (thou. cub. m);

(ост = shutdown) denotes losses of the natural gas in the course of the planned shutdowns of the
GCP (thou. cub. m);
(Nкц = Ncd) denotes quantity of the CD at the GCS (pcs.);
(ПКЦi = LCDi) denotes losses of the natural gas within the i-th compressor department (thou. cub. m)
are calculated using the following formula:

where:

(ПКР = LRT; КЦ = CD) denotes losses of the natural gas in the course of controlling power
pneumatic actuators of shut-off devices and regulating taps within the CD (thou. cub. m);

(ПАП = LAP) denotes losses of the natural gas in the course of purging operations of apparatuses
within the CD (thou. cub. m);

(ПЦБК = LCC; упл = seal) denotes losses of the natural gas from the sealing system of the CC in
accordance with the passport data of the relevant equipment (thou. cub. m);

(ППК = LPV) denotes losses of the natural gas in the course of inspection of workability of the
pressure safety valves within the CD (thou. cub. m);

(ПКИП = LCMD) denotes losses of the natural gas in the course of maintenance of the CMD&A
devices (thou. cub. m);

(ПЗРА = LSCV) denotes losses of the natural gas from the SCV, if it is envisaged in accordance
with the passport, which was issued by the relevant manufacturing plant (thou. cub. m);

(ПОП = LSAMPL) denotes losses of the natural gas in the course of sampling for analytical control,
if it is envisaged by the approved technological scheme of the CD in accordance with the project
design documents (thou. cub. m).
3.1.1. Losses of the Natural Gas in the Course of the Planned Startups of the GCP
Technological losses of the natural gas in the course of startup of the CD (after planned shutdown of
the CD in accordance with the approved technological scheme, which is presented in the project
design documents), as well as technological losses in the course of the planned startups of the GCP
(in accordance with requirements of the relevant manufacturing plant in the case of necessity to
ensure purging operation of the CC contour, if contour of blower is not filled with the gas) are
calculated in accordance with the following formula:
 12

where:
(ПГПА КЦi = LGCP CDi; пуск = startup)

(VКОМ = VCOMM; КЦ = CD) denotes geometric volume of technological communications within the
CD (in accordance with the approved technological scheme, which is presented in the project design
documents); it is necessary to blow through this volume following the planned shutdown of the CD
(cu. m);
nраб = nrunn denotes quantity of the running gas-compressor plants (GCP), which are required in order
to ensure gas transportation in accordance with the approved technological scheme of the CD (this
scheme is presented in the project design documents);

VЦБКі = VCCі, (VКОМi = VCOMMi; ГПА = GCP) denote, respectively: geometric volume of contour of
the i-th CC in accordance with the passport data and geometric volume of technological
communications on one GCP in accordance with the approved technological scheme of the CD,
which is presented in the project design documents (cu. m);
"3" denotes the numerical coefficient, which is introduced into this formula in order to take into
consideration relevant conditions, which are required for safe performance of work;
"n" denotes quantity of the GCP (pcs.);

(NГПА КЦi = NGCP CDi; пуск = startup) denotes quantity of startups of the i-th GCP (after the planned
maintenance and repair work) is calculated in accordance with the scheduled plan of maintenance
and repair of the GCP during the scheduling year in accordance with requirements of the relevant
manufacturing plant in respect of the service hours of engine and blower.
3.1.2. Losses of the Natural Gas in the Course of the Planned Shutdowns of the GCP
Technological losses of the natural gas in the course of the planned shutdown of the CD in
accordance with the approved technological scheme of this CD (this scheme is presented in the
project design documents), as well as in the course of the planned shutdowns of the GCP (in
accordance with requirements of the relevant manufacturing plant in the case of necessity of
emptying the CC contour) are calculated in accordance with the following formula:

where:
(ПГПА КЦi = LGCP CDi; ост = shutdown)
Рат = Рatm denotes atmospheric pressure, which is equal to Рат=0.1013 MPa;
Тст = Тstand denotes standard temperature, which is equal to Тст=293.15K;
Zcp.KЦ = Zsupercomp.CD denotes gas supercompressibility coefficient at the pressure  (РCDsupercomp) and
 13

at the temperature (TCDsupercomp);

Zcp = Zsupercomp denotes gas supercompressibility coefficient at the pressure (РCCsupercomp) and at
the temperature (TCCsupercomp);

(PCDaver; РCCaver) denote average values of pressure within the system, respectively:
"input of the CD - output of the CD" and "input of the CC- technological communications" before
the moment of emptying relevant equipment and devices (MPa); these values are calculated in
accordance with the following formulas:

where:

(PКЦ = PCD; PКЦ = PCC; вх = input) denote pressure of gas, respectively: at the input to the CD
and at the input to the CC (MPa);

(PКЦ = PCD; PКОМ = PCOMM; вых = output) denote pressure of gas at the output, respectively:
from the CD and from the section of technological communications of the CC (MPa).

(TCDaver); (TCCaver) denote average values of temperature within the system, respectively:
"input of the CD - output of the CD" and "input of the CC - technological communications" before
the moment of emptying relevant equipment and devices (degrees Kelvin); these values are
calculated in accordance with the following formulas:

where:

(tCD; tCC; вх = input) denote values of the gas temperature, respectively: at the input of the
CD and at the input of the CC, °С;

(tCD; tCC; вых = output) denote values of the gas temperature, respectively: at the output from
the CD and at the output from section of technological communications of the CC, °С.

(NГПАi = NGCPi; ост = shutdown) denotes quantity of shutdowns of the i-th GCP (in the course of
these shutdowns, the CC contour and section of technological communications of this plant must be
emptied). This quantity is calculated in accordance with the Technological Manual in respect of the
CD operation, as well as according to the scheduled plan of maintenance and repair of the GCP
during the scheduling year in accordance with requirements of the relevant manufacturing plant;
"n" denotes quantity of the GCPs, which must be shutdown along with necessity of emptying the
blower contour, pcs.
3.1.3. Losses of the Natural Gas in the Course of Controlling the Power Pneumatic Actuators of
the Shut-off Devices and Controlling Regulating Taps
Technological losses of the natural gas in the course of controlling power pneumatic actuators of
shut-off devices and controlling regulating taps (in the case of utilization of natural gas in the
absence of the additional system for relevant preparation of natural gas as the "impulse gas") are
calculated in accordance with the following formula:
 14

where:
(ПКР = LRT; КЦ = CD);
qПРі = qPPAі denotes volume of the gas, which is released to the atmosphere from the power pneumatic
actuator in the course of single actuation of the i-th regulating tap in accordance with the passport,
which was issued by the relevant manufacturing plant (cu. m);
NПРі = NPPAі denotes quantity of actuating operations of the tap actuator during the scheduling period;
nПР = nPPA denotes quantity of the power pneumatic actuators within the CD in accordance with the
project design documents (pcs.);
qКРі = qRTi denotes gas flow rate in the course of operation of the i-th regulating tap in accordance
with the passport data of relevant product (cu. m/hr.);
τRTi denotes duration of operation of the regulating tap during the scheduling period (hr.);
nкр = nrt denotes quantity of regulating taps within the CD in accordance with the project design
documents, pcs.
3.1.4. Losses of the Natural Gas in the Course of Purging of the Apparatuses within the CD
Technological losses of the natural gas in the course of purging apparatuses within the CD (dust-
collecting devices, filter-separators, absorbers, separators, receivers etc.) are calculated in accordance
with the following formula:

where:
(ПАП = LAP; КЦ = CD) denote;
NAПі = LAPi denotes quantity of purging operations of the i-th apparatus during the scheduling period
in accordance with requirements of the technical documents in respect of the mode of operation and
safe maintenance of apparatuses within the CD (in the case of absence of relevant systems for
automatic drainage of liquid from these apparatuses, it is assumed that quantity of purging operations
is the same as the quantity of purging operations in the case of presence of such automatic systems);
nАП = nAP denotes quantity of apparatuses within the CD in accordance with the project design
documents (pcs.);
qАПі = qAPi denotes volume of natural gas, which is required for purging operation of the i-th
apparatus in the case of absence of the system of automatic drainage of liquid (thou. cub. m) , is
calculated using the following formula:

where:
"k" denotes adiabatic exponent of natural gas;
dCB = dVENT denotes internal diameter of the vent pipe or internal diameter of the blow-off pipeline
 15

(dBLOW) (meters);
Рср = Рaver denotes average pressure of natural gas within the apparatus (MPa);
(τpurg) denotes duration of the single purging operation of the apparatus in accordance with the
technological regulations (however, no more than 5 seconds) (s);
ρст = ρstand density of natural gas at standard conditions (kg/cu. m);
ТAП =TAP denotes temperature of gas within the apparatus in the course of performance of purging
operation (degrees Kelvin);
Тст = Тstand denotes standard temperature, which is equal to Тstand = 293.15 ºK;
ZAП = ZAP denotes gas supercompressibility coefficient at the pressure and temperature that are
maintained within the apparatus;
Рат = Patm denotes atmospheric pressure, which is equal to Рatm = 0.1013 MPa.
If relevant system of automatic drainage of liquid from apparatuses is envisaged and available, then
technological losses of the natural gas in the course of degassing of liquid (following drainage of this
liquid) is calculated using the following formula:

where:
(qАПi = qAPi; АВТ = AUTOMATIC)
QВ = Qw denotes volume of the water, which is discharged from various apparatuses and which is
subject to degassing (cu m/hr);
r1 r2 denote solubility of hydrocarbon gases in distilled water, respectively: at the atmospheric
pressure (see Table 3.1) and at the pressure before the reservoir that is intended for drainage of liquid
(see Table 3.2), cu m/cu m of liquid;
"к" – "k" denotes Sechenov constant, which is introduced into this formula in order to take into
consideration changes in the gas solubility factor in the presence of various salts (salting-out
coefficient), is calculated in accordance with Table 3.3;
"с" – "csalt" denotes concentration of salts in the discharged water, which is calculated in accordance
with the analyses of the accredited chemical laboratory, equivalent parts per million (e.p.m.).
Solubility of natural gas in liquid is assumed in accordance with the project design data or reference
data. Value of solubility is calculated with the help of thermodynamic calculations or it is determined
by means of experiments. In certain cases, various empirical dependencies are used.

Table 3.1- Solubility of gases in distilled water at the atmospheric pressure and at various
temperatures
Gas Solubility of gases in distilled water r1 (cu m/cu m) at the temperature
0 ºC 20 ºC 40 ºC 60 ºC
Methane 0.05563 0.03376 0.02369 0.01954
Ethane 0.09874 0.04724 0.02915 0.02177

Table 3.2 — Solubility of gases at 40 °С in distilled water

 16

Name of gas Solubility of gases in distilled water r2 (cu m/cu m) at the pressure
2.5 MPa 5.0 MPa 7.5 MPa 10.0 MPa
Methane 0.60 1.10 1.52 1.95
Ethane 0.57 0.87 0.97 1.00
 17

Table 3.3 - Values of Sechenov constant for the methane, which is dissolved in aqueous
solutions of sodium chloride
Temperature, ° C Sechenov constant
0 0.165
20 0.141
40 0.127
60 0.119
80 0.116
100 0.116
3.1.5. Losses of the Natural Gas from the Sealing System of the CC
In accordance with the Operations Manual for the sealing devices, as well as taking into
consideration passport data of the relevant equipment, technological losses of the natural gas from
the CC sealing system, (ПЦБКi = LCСi; упл = seal
; thou. cub. m) are calculated in accordance with
the following formula:

where:

(τГПА = τGCP; м-г = oil-gas) denotes duration of operation of the GCP, which is equipped with the
hydraulic sealing system, during the scheduling period (hr.);
nМ-Г = n OIL-GAS denotes quantity of the GCPs, which are equipped with the hydraulic sealing systems,
in accordance with the project design documents (pcs.);

(qупл = qseal; oil-gas) denotes flow rate of natural gas within the GCP, which is equipped with the
hydraulic sealing system (of the "oil-gas" type, cu m/hr.) is assumed in accordance with the data of
the passport, which was issued by relevant manufacturing plant.
3.1.6. Losses of the Natural Gas in the Course of Inspection of Workability of the Pressure Safety
Valves within the CD
Technological losses of the natural gas in the course of inspection of workability of the pressure
safety valves within the CD are calculated in accordance with the following formula:

where:
(ППК = LPV; КЦ = CD)
NПК = NPV — quantity of inspections of the single pressure safety valve, in accordance with the data
of the passport, which was issued by relevant manufacturing plant, which produces PVs (pcs.);
qПК = qPV denotes volume of natural gas in the course of inspection of the single pressure safety valve
(thou. cub. m) is calculated in accordance with the following formula:
 18

where:
(ПГПА КЦi = LGCP CDi; пуск = startup)
dКЛ = dVALVE denotes diameter of the opening area of the valve in accordance with the data of the
passport, which was issued by relevant manufacturing plant (m);
"k" denotes adiabatic exponent of natural gas;
Ккл = Cvalve denotes coefficient of gas flow through the valve; this coefficient is determined in
accordance with the data of the passport, which was issued by relevant manufacturing plant;
(τкл = τvalve) denotes duration of actuation of the pressure safety valve in accordance with the data
of the passport, which was issued by relevant manufacturing plant (s);
Ркл = Pvalve denotes pressure of gas in the course of inspection of the pressure safety valve (MPa);
Ткл = Tvalve denotes temperature of gas in the course of inspection of valve (degrees Kelvin);
ZKJI = ZVALVE denotes coefficient of supercompressibility of natural gas at Ркл and Ткл;
ρст denotes density of gas at standard conditions (kg/cu. m).
3.1.7. Losses of the Natural Gas in the Course of operation of the CMD&A and SCV
Technological losses of the natural gas in the course of operation of the control and measuring
devices (CMD), automation and telemechanics systems of the CD, as well as in the course of
operation of the SCV are determined in accordance with the passport data of the CMD&A and SCV.
3.1.8. Losses of the Natural Gas in the Course of Drawing of Samples in the CD
Technological losses of the natural gas in the course of sampling (in accordance with the approved
technological scheme of the CD; this scheme is presented in the project design documents) with the
КЦ CD
purpose of analytical control (ПОП = LSAMPL; = ) (thou. cub. m) are calculated using the
following formula:

where:
nОП = nSAMPL denotes quantity of analyses of the i-th kind during the calculation period;
nПОТ = nCONT.FLOW;
qSAMPL denotes losses of the natural gas in the course of the periodic sampling for non-recurrent
(laboratory) analyses of gas flows (thou. cub. m) are calculated using the following formula:

where:
Vпр = Vsd denotes geometric volume of sampling device (cu. m);
 19

Рпр = Рsd denotes pressure in the sampling device (MPa);

Тпр = Tsd denotes temperature in the sampling device (degrees Kelvin);
Znp = Zsd denotes coefficient of compressibility at Рпр and Тпр respectively;
"b" denotes multiplicity of purging operation, i.e. ratio of volume (on the condition of gas sampling)
of the gas, which was released to the atmosphere in the course of purging operation of the gas line
and sampling device, to the volume of the relevant sampling device (it is assumed that multiplicity
"b" of purging operations in the course of gas sampling is equal to 30 operations);
qпот = qcont.flow denotes losses of the natural gas in the course of continuous operation of the i-th
instrument at the pipeline (cu. m/hr.) are calculated in accordance with the data of the passport,
which was issued by relevant manufacturing plant;
denotes scheduled duration of operation of the i-th instrument during the reporting year (hour);
nПОТ = nINSTR denotes quantity of instruments in accordance with the approved project design
documents.

3.2 Losses of the Natural Gas within the LS of the Main Gas Pipeline
Technological losses of the natural gas within the linear pipeline division of the main gas pipeline
LLS (thou. cub. m) are calculated in accordance with the following formula:

where:
ПЛЧ = LLS;

(ПКР = LRT; ЛЧ = LS) denotes losses of the natural gas in the course of controlling power
pneumatic actuators of shut-off devices and controlling the regulating taps within the LS of the main
gas pipeline (thou. cub. m);

(ПАП = LLS) denotes losses of the natural gas in the course of purging operation of apparatuses
within the LS of the main gas pipeline (thou. cub. m);

(ППК = LPV) denotes losses of the natural gas in the course of inspection of workability of the
pressure safety valves within the LS of the main gas pipeline (thou. cub. m);

(ПЗРА = LSCV) denotes losses of the natural gas from the SCV, if it is envisaged in accordance
with the passport of relevant SCV (thou. cub. m);

(ПКРЕМ = LOVERHAUL) denotes losses of the natural gas before performance of the overhaul
repair (thou. cub. m).
3.2.1. Losses of the Natural Gas in the Course of Controlling Power Pneumatic Actuators of Shut-
off Devices and Controlling the Regulating Taps within the LS of the Main Gas Pipelines
Technological losses of the natural gas in the course of controlling power pneumatic actuators of
shut-off devices and controlling the regulating taps within the LS of the main gas pipelines (in the
case of utilization of natural gas in the absence of the additional system for relevant preparation of
natural gas as the "impulse gas") are calculated in accordance with the following formula:
 20

where:
(ПКР = LRT; ЛЧ = LS);

= qRTi denotes volume of gas, which is released to the atmosphere from the power pneumatic
actuator in the course of the single actuation of tap in accordance with the technical passport of the
relevant product (cu. m);

= NRTi denotes quantity of actuating operations of the tap actuator during the scheduling period;
nпр = npa denotes quantity of the power pneumatic actuators within the LS of the main gas pipeline in
accordance with the approved project design documents (pcs.);
= qRTi denotes gas flow rate in the course of operation of the i-th regulating tap in accordance
with the passport data of the product (cu. m/hr.);
= τRTi denotes duration of operation of the regulating tap during the scheduling period (hr.);
= nRT denotes quantity of regulating taps within the LS of the main gas pipeline in accordance
with the approved project design documents, pcs.
3.2.2. Losses of the Natural Gas in the Course of Purging of the Apparatuses within the LS of the
Main Gas Pipeline
Technological losses of the natural gas in the course of purging operation of the apparatuses within
the LS of the main gas pipeline (drippers, condensate collectors etc.) are calculated in accordance
with the following formula:

where:
(ПАП = LAP; ЛЧ = LS);

= NAPi denotes quantity of purging operations of the i-th apparatus during the scheduling period
in accordance with requirements of the regulatory document in respect of the mode of operation and
in respect of safe maintenance of apparatuses within the LS of the main gas pipeline;
nап = nap denotes quantity of apparatuses within the LS of the main gas pipeline in accordance with
the approved project design documents (pcs.);

= qAPi denotes volume of natural gas, which is required for purging operation of the i-th
apparatus (thou. cub. m), is to be calculated in the same manner as it is described in paragraph 3.1.4.
3.2.3. Losses of the Natural Gas in the Course of Inspection of Workability of the Pressure Safety
Valves within the LS of the Main Gas Pipeline
Technological losses of the natural gas in the course of inspection of workability of the pressure
safety valves within the LS of the main gas pipeline are calculated in accordance with the following
formula:
 21

where:
(ППК = LPV; ЛЧ = LS);
NПК = NPV denotes quantity of inspections of the single pressure safety valve in accordance with the
passport, which was issued by the relevant plant, which produces such PVs (pcs.);
qПК = qPV denotes volume of natural gas in the course of inspection of the single pressure safety valve
(thou. cub. m) is to be calculated in the same manner as it is described in paragraph 3.1.6.
3.2.4. Losses of the Natural Gas in the Course of Operation of the CMD&A and the SCV within
the LS of the Main Gas Pipeline
Technological losses of the natural gas in the course of operation of the control and measuring
devices (CMD), automation and telemechanics systems within the LS of the main gas pipeline, as
well as operation of the SCV are calculated in accordance with the data of the passport, which was
issued for the relevant CMD&A and SCV.
3.2.5. Losses of the Natural Gas in the Course of Preparation of the Gas Pipeline for Performance
of the Overhaul Repair Operations
Technological losses of the natural gas in the course of preparation of a certain division of the gas
pipeline for performance of the overhaul repair operations (upon completion of the relevant
procedures with the purpose of emptying the main gas pipeline):

where:
(ПКРЕМ = LOVERHAUL; ЛЧ = LS);
nКР = nOVERHAUL denotes quantity of those divisions of the gas pipeline, which have to be prepared for
performance of the overhaul repair operations;

(qКРЕМ = qOVERHAUL; ЛЧ = LS) denotes volume of natural gas in the course of emptying the certain
division of the gas pipeline upon completion of the relevant procedures with the purpose of emptying
the main gas pipeline (thou. cub. m) is calculated using the following formula:

where:
"2893" it is the reduction coefficient of the volume of natural gas to the standard conditions
VTР = VOVERHAUL denotes geometric volume of the certain division of the gas pipeline; this volume of
the relevant division must be emptied in order to perform the overhaul repair operations (cu. m);

(PГПА = PGCP; вс = suction) denotes suction pressure within the GCP in the course of performance of
work with the purpose of conservation and storage of natural gas before beginning of the overhaul
repair (no more than 1 MPa);
Тн and Тк (Тbegin and Тend) denotes values of temperature of natural gas before the beginning and upon
completion of the relevant procedures of emptying the gas pipeline (degrees Kelvin);
ZH and ZK (ZBEGIN and ZEND) denote coefficients of supercompressibility of natural gas within the
 22

following parameters, respectively: (PГПА = PGCP; вс = suction), ТBEGIN, as well as Рatm, Тend.
3.3 Losses of the Natural Gas within the GDS
Technological losses of the natural gas within the gas distribution stations П GDS (= LGDS, thou.
cub. m) are calculated in accordance with the following formula:

where:
ПГРС = LGDS;
NГРС = NGDS denotes quantity of the GDSs within a certain linear division of the main gas pipeline in
accordance with the approved project design documents (pcs.);

(ПГРС i = LGDSi) denotes losses of the natural gas within the i-th GDS (thou. cub. m) are
calculated using the following formula:

where:

(ПКР = LGDS; ГРС = GDS) denotes losses of the natural gas in the course of controlling power
pneumatic actuators of shut-off devices, in the course of operation of the regulating taps, pneumatic
controllers and pneumatic devices within the GDS (thou. cub. m);

(ПКИП = LCMD) denotes losses of the natural gas in the course of maintenance of the CMD&A
within the GDS (thou. cub. m);

(ППК = LPV) denotes losses of the natural gas in the course of inspection of workability of the
pressure safety valves within the GDS (thou. cub. m);

(ПАП = LAP) denotes losses of the natural gas in the course of purging operation of the
apparatuses within the GDS (thou. cub. m);

(ПУПС = LQRD) denotes losses of the natural gas in the course of purging drainage lines of the
QRDs and impulse lines of the gas sampling system to the pressure sensors and pressure differential
sensors (thou. cub. m);

(ПЗРА = LSCV) denotes losses of the natural gas from the SCV, if it is envisaged in accordance
with the passport of the relevant equipment (thou. cub. m);

(ПОП = LSAMPL) denotes losses of the natural gas in the course of sampling for analytical control,
if it is envisaged by the approved technological scheme of the GDS (this scheme is presented in the
project design documents) (thou. cub. m).

3.3.1 Losses of the Natural Gas in the Course of Controlling Power Pneumatic Actuators of Shut-
off Devices and Controlling Regulating Taps within the GDS
 23

Technological losses of the natural gas in the course of controlling power pneumatic actuators of
shut-off devices, in the course of operation of the regulating taps, pneumatic controllers, and
pneumatic devices (in the case of utilization of natural gas in the absence of the additional system for
relevant preparation of natural gas as the "impulse gas") are calculated in accordance with the
following formula:

where:
(ПКР = LOVERHAUL; ГРС = GDS)
qПРі = qPPSі denotes volume of gas, which is released to the atmosphere from the power pneumatic
actuator (PPA) in the course of single actuation of tap in accordance with the passport, which was
issued by the relevant manufacturing plant of the product (cu. m);
NПРі. = NPPSі denotes quantity of actuating operations of the tap actuator (PPA) during the scheduling
period;
nпр = nppa denotes quantity of the power pneumatic actuators (ppa) within the GDS in accordance with
the approved project design documents (pcs.);
qКРі = qRTі denotes gas flow rate in the course of operation of the i-th regulating tap (RT) , pneumatic
regulating device, pneumatic device in accordance with the passport, which was issued by the
relevant manufacturing plant (cu. m/hr.);
= τRTі) denotes duration of operation of the regulating tap, pneumatic regulating device,
pneumatic device during the scheduling period (hr.);
nкр = nrt denotes quantity of running regulating taps (rt), pneumatic controllers or pneumatic devices
of this type within the GDS (pcs.);
mi denotes quantity of kinds of the regulating taps, pneumatic controllers and pneumatic devices
within the GDS in accordance with the approved project design documents.
3.3.2. Losses of the Natural Gas in the Course of Inspection of Workability of the Pressure Safety
Valves within the GDS
Technological losses of the natural gas in the course of inspection of workability of the pressure
safety valves within the GDS are calculated in accordance with the following formula:

where:
(ППК = LPV; ГРС = GDS)
NПК = NPV denotes quantity of inspections of the single pressure safety valve in accordance with the
passport of the relevant manufacturing plant, which produces PVs (pcs.);
qПК = qPV denotes volume of natural gas in the course of inspection of the single pressure safety valve
(thou. cub. m) is to be calculated in the same manner as it is described in paragraph 3.1.6.

3.3.3. Losses of the Natural Gas in the Course of purging operations of apparatuses within the
GDS
Technological losses of the natural gas in the course of purging operation of the apparatuses within
 24

the GDS (dust-collecting devices, of filter-separators etc.) are calculated in accordance with the
following formula:

where:
(ПАП = LAP; ГРС = GDS)
NАПі = NAPі denotes quantity of purging operations of the i-th apparatus during the scheduling period
in accordance with requirements of the technical documents in respect of the mode of operation and
in respect of safe maintenance of apparatuses within the GDS (in the case of absence of the system
for automatic drainage of liquid at these apparatuses, is assumed that quantity of purging operations
is equal to quantity of such operations in the case presence of the relevant system, which ensures
automatic drainage of liquid);
nап = nap denotes quantity of apparatuses within the GDS in accordance with the approved project
design documents (pcs.);
qАПі = qAPі denotes volume of natural gas, which is required for purging operation of the i-th
apparatus (thou. cub. m), is to be calculated in the same manner as it is described in paragraph 3.1.4.
3.3.4. Losses of the Natural Gas in the Course of Purging Drainage Lines of the QRD and
Purging Impulse Lines of the Gas Sampling System within the GDS
Technological losses of the natural gas in the course of purging drainage lines of the QRD and
purging impulse lines of the gas sampling system to the pressure sensors and pressure differential
sensors within the GDS are calculated using the following formula:

where:
(ПУСБ = LQRD; ГРС = GDS);
NУСБ = NQRD denotes quantity of purging operations of the i-th drainage line of the QRD or purging
operations of the impulse line of gas sampling (pcs.);
qУСБ = qQRD denotes volume of natural gas in the course of the purging the i-th drainage line or the
impulse line (thou. cub. m) is to be calculated in the same manner as it is described in paragraph
3.1.4.
3.3.5. Losses of the Natural Gas in the Course of Operation of the CMD&A
and SCV within the GDS
Technological losses of the natural gas in the course of operation of the control and measuring
devices (CMD), automation and telemechanics systems within the GDS, as well as in the course of
operation of the SCV are to be calculated in accordance with the passports, which were issued by the
manufacturing plants that produce CMD&A and SCV.
3.3.6. Losses of the Natural Gas in the Course of Sampling within the GDS
Technological losses of the natural gas in the course of sampling in accordance with the approved
technological scheme of the GDS (this scheme is presented in the project design documents) for
ГРС GDS
analytical control (ПОП= LSAMPL; = ; thou. cub. m) are calculated using the following
formula:
 25

where:
nОП = nSAMPL denotes quantity of analyses of the i-th kind during the calculation period;
qОП = qSAMPL denotes losses of the natural gas in the course of the periodic sampling for non-recurrent
(laboratory) analyses of gas flows (thou. cub. m) are to be calculated in the same manner as it is
described in paragraph 3.1.8.
3.4 Losses of the Natural Gas within the GMS
Technological losses of the natural gas within the gas-measuring stations L GMS (thou. cub. m) are
calculated in accordance with the following formula:

where:
NГИС = NGMS denotes quantity of the GMSs within a certain linear division of the MP in accordance
with the project design documents (pcs.);
ПГИСі = LGMSі denotes losses of the natural gas of the i-th GMS (thou. cub. m) are calculated using the
following formula:

where:
ПГИСi = LGMSi;

(ПКР = LRT; ГИС = GMS) denotes losses of the natural gas in the course of controlling power
pneumatic actuators of shut-off devices, in the course of operation of the regulating taps, pneumatic
controllers and pneumatic devices within the GMS in accordance with the approved technological
scheme of the GMS (this scheme is presented in the project design documents) (thou. cub. m);

(ПУСБ = LQRD; ГИС = GMS) denotes losses of the natural gas in the course of purging drainage lines
of the QRD and impulse lines of the gas sampling system to the pressure sensors and pressure
differential sensors (thou. cub. m);

(ПЗРА = LSCV; ГИС = GMS) denotes losses of the natural gas from the SCV, if it is envisaged in
accordance with the passport of relevant SCV (thou. cub. m);

(ПОП = LSAMPL; ГИС = GMS) denotes losses of the natural gas in the course of sampling for
analytical control, if it is envisaged by the approved technological scheme of the GMS (this scheme
is presented in the project design documents) (thou. cub. m).

3.4.1. Losses of the Natural Gas in the Course of Controlling Power Pneumatic Actuators of the
Shut-off Devices and Regulating Taps within the GMS
Technological losses of the natural gas in the course of controlling power pneumatic actuators of
shut-off devices, as well as losses in the course of operation of the regulating taps, pneumatic
 26

controllers, and pneumatic devices (in the case of utilization of natural gas in the absence of the
additional system for relevant preparation of natural gas as the "impulse gas") are calculated in
accordance with the following formula:

where:
(ПКР = LRT; ГИС = GMS)
qПРі = qPPAі denotes volume of gas, which is released to the atmosphere from the power pneumatic
actuator in the course of single actuation of tap in accordance with the passport, which was issued by
the relevant manufacturing plant (cu. m);
NПРі = NPPAі denotes quantity of actuating operations of the tap actuator during the scheduling period;
nпр = nppa denotes quantity of the power pneumatic actuators within the GMS (pcs.);
qКРі = qRTi denotes gas flow rate in the course of operation of the i-th regulating tap, pneumatic
regulating device, pneumatic device in accordance with the passport, which was issued by the
relevant manufacturing plant (cu. m/hr.);
= τRTi denotes duration of operation of the regulating tap, pneumatic regulating device,
pneumatic device during the scheduling period (hr.);
nкр = nrt denotes quantity of running regulating taps, pneumatic controllers or pneumatic devices of
this type within the GMS (pcs.);
mi; denotes quantity of kinds of the regulating taps, pneumatic controllers, and pneumatic devices
within the GMS in accordance with the project design documents.

3.4.2. Losses of the Natural Gas in the Course of Purging Drainage Lines of the QRD and
Purging Impulse Lines of the Gas Sampling System within the GMS
Technological losses of the natural gas in the course of purging drainage lines of the QRD and
purging impulse lines of the gas sampling system to the pressure sensors and pressure differential
sensors within the GMS are calculated using the following formula:

where:
(ПУСБ = LQRD; ГИС = GMS);
NУСБ = NQRD denotes quantity of purging operations of the i-th drainage line of the QRD or the
impulse line of the gas sampling system (pcs.);
qУСБ = qQRD denotes volume of natural gas in the course of purging the i-th drainage line or the
impulse line (thou. cub. m) is to be calculated in the same manner as it is described in paragraph
3.1.4.

3.4.3. Losses of the Natural Gas in the Course of Operation of the SCV within the GMS
Technological losses of the natural gas in the course of operation of the SCV, which is installed
within the GMS, are to be calculated in accordance with the passports, which were issued by relevant
 27

manufacturing plants.
3.4.4. Losses of the Natural Gas in the Course of Sampling within the GMS
Technological losses of the natural gas in the course of sampling in accordance with the approved
technological scheme of the GMS (this scheme is presented in the project design documents) for
analytical control (thou. cub. m) are calculated using the following formula:

where:
(ПОП = LSAMPL; ГИС = GMS;
nОП = nSAMPL denotes quantity of analyses of the i-th kind during the calculation period;
qОП = qSAMPL denotes losses of the natural gas in the course of the periodic sampling for non-recurrent
(laboratory) analyses of gas flows (thou. cub. m) are to be calculated in the same manner as it is
described in paragraph 3.1.8.

References
[1] Temporary methodical recommendations in respect of calculation and standardization of
technological consumption of gas in the course of operation of gas pipelines within the
production fields and operation of the main gas pipelines (approved by the Deputy Minister of
the Gas Industry of the USSR on June 19, 1973)
[2] A. I. Gritsenko "Guidance on Exploration Survey of Boreholes" / A. I. Gritsenko,
Z. S. Aliyev, O. M. Yermilow and the others; Moscow: 'Nauka' Publishing House, 1995; 523
pages.
[3] S. A. Sardanashvili "Calculation Methods and Algorithms (Pipeline Transportation of Natural
Gas)"; Moscow: 'Neft i Gaz' Publishing House of the Russian State University of Oil and Gas
named after I. M. Gubkin, 2005; 577 pages.
[4] Rules and Regulations in the Oil and Gas Industry (approved by the Order No. 101, which
was issued by the Russian Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear
Supervision on March 12, 2013).
[5] Technical Regulations of the Eurasian Economic Union 'On the Safety of the Flammable
Natural Gas, which is Prepared for Transportation and/or Utilization', which were approved in
accordance with the Implementing Order No. 176 of the Board of the Eurasian Economic
Commission dated December 05, 2017.
[6] Technical Regulations of the Customs Union "On the Safety of the Excess Pressure
Equipment" (CU TR 032/2013)