1 Schedules

1 KIM Listen to part of an interview about climate change and e

nergy sources.

-4101111111 Complete the table.

2 04 15 Complete the questions, using the phrases in the box. Then listen to the
interview again and check your answers.

will that reduce could we avoid will push up you think in the long term
your views could happen

I Do you think that carbon emissions

global temperatures?
2 Is this the worst that in the future?
3 So how this?
4 What are on switching energy sources?
5 So carbon emissions

3 Complete these sentences of agreement or disagreement.

I A: I think we should restrict all travel that uses carbon-based fuels, including flying.
agree with you
B: I don't at all. I just can't go
that.
2 A: There are cost and environmental benefits in switching to electrically powered
vehicles.
B: You have there. I'm happy

3 A: CCS is surely the way forward, both in the short term and medium term.
B: I'm not that. Let's think again about it.
4 A: Can we agree that we can achieve a 10 percent reduction in carbon-based fuels
next year?
B: That right. Yes, that's
me.

6
 2 Causes
1 Rewrite each sentence to give a similar meaning, making the following changes.
• replace because with the phrase in brackets. Example: because -) owing to
• replace the verbs in italics with related nouns. Example: reacts 4 reaction
lete
• replace the adverbs in italics with adjectives. Example: completely -) comp
ter
Example: I Phosphorus (used in the manufacture of detergents) is stored in wa
owing to the reaction of phosphorus with air.
1 Phosphorus (used in the manufacture of detergents) is stored in %vater because
phosphorus reacts with air. (owing to)
with water, to
2 The reaction happens because calcium carbonate is added, together
the gas. (due to)
m the gas
3 The gas is purified because polluting particles are completely remor'ed fro
by the collection plates. (as a result of)
4 Emissions from power plants are lower with clean coal technology because the
coal is totally purified before it is burnt. (as a result of)
of
5 Port installation costs are high because the LNG is liquefied at a temperature
-1,620 Celsius before it is loaded onboard. (owing to)
6 Greater crop yields are ensured because the growing sheds are automatically
humidified. (as a result of)
7 The emergency rescue teams had problems because the volcanic ash rapidly
solidified after cooling. (caused by)
8 The coal used in the power plant is a fine dust because it is puluerised in the coal
mill nearby. (due to)

2 Complete this crossword with words from Section 2 of the Course Book, pages 44-43.
I very small pieces of matter
1 2 a common element (S) found in carbon-
2
based fuels
3 a piece of metal that causes particles to
3 become negatively charged
4 a general word For substances used in or
4
obtained by chemistry
5 containing salt
6 6 to remove or separate sulphur from
something
7 a layer of rock that can hold water
1 8 an dust precipitator is a type of dust
filter
9
9 a mistake, mark or weakness that makes
10
something imperfect
11 10 a colourless, odourless, flammable gas
(CH,)
12
11 to form ions, or make them form
13 12 substances in another substance that
make it of poor quality
remove small particulates from flue gas
Vertical word: these 13 the process of converting into a gas

'farming'
 3 Systems
1 Match the signpost phrases a-j with the notes for a presentation about geothermal
energy in Iceland.
a) OK, let's move on to production 0 The aim of my talk is to tell you about ...
wells.
g) Thank you all for coming.
b) I'd like to conclude by showing Any questions?
this slide. ill
h) Now I'd like to hand over to Ed, who w
c) Now let's look at transmission look into the question of district heating.
pipelines.
0 Next, let's look at different field types.
d) Thanks, Ed. Now let's look at
j) Let's start with the underground rock layers.
generating electricity.
e) Now I'd like to move on to the
power plant.

Phrase Presentation notes

f geothermal power in Iceland: electricity generation, space heating, etc.

hot rock layers from a volcanic system; fissures join together to create an
[
underground reservoir, becomes an aquifer of hot water, extracted through
production wells

3 low-temperature fields: yield water at below 150 °C for space heating

high-temperature fields: yield water at above 200 °C for electricity generation and
heating cold water for space heating

4 13 production wells at Nesjavellir, in operation since 1972, to supply the capital

Reykjavik: thermal production for space heating, with generation of
electricity

5 show slide: transmission pipeline. Distance from Nesjavellir to Reykjavik: ;.,

27 km. Pipeline diameter: 90 cm. Water temperature: 96 °C. Temperature loss WI
transit: 1-2 °C

6 first stage of the process: central separation station: steam is piped through
moisture separators to steam heat exchangers inside the building

7 steam from the production wells can't be used for space heating; problem of
mineral-rich saline solution which blocks pipes. Instead, heat exchangers are
used to heat cold water, which is then distributed

8 power plant capacity: 120 MW of electrical power (started production 1990)

9 show PP slide: Statistics: Iceland's energy requirements

geothermal energy: 24.5% hydro-electric: 75.4% fossil fuels: 0.1%
geothermal energy: provides heating and hot water for 87% of buildings

invite audience to ask questions

2 Answer these questions, using the notes in I.

Example: I Because hot water can be extracted from the underground reservoirs,
I Why is Iceland such a good location for geothermal energy?
2 Where does Reykjavik get some of its geothermal energy from?
3 How does the hot water get from Nesjavellir to Reykjavik?
4 Why isn't steam from the extraction wells used directly for space heating?
5 How does Iceland get most of its energy requirements?
4 Word list
N
kwizilrv irki44471 .79
masigkial
deadline flaw condense bio fuel
timeline gasification consume carbon capture
and storage
geothermal energy convert
(CCS)
humidification desulphurise
calcium carbonate impurity emit clean coal
technology
carbon dioxide (CO2) injection gasify
methane (CH4) insertion humidify collection plate
nitrous oxide (N20) ionisation ionise lfue gas
ozone (03) liquefaction liquefy iron filing
sulphur magnet particle pressurise power plant
particulate pulverise ADJECT1ViS,
precipitator purify electrostatic
aquifer pulverisation recover harmless
desuiphurisation purification solidify saline

electrode reaction sulphurise volcanic

emission reservoir switch 1=31111E111
extraction solidification finalise
fissure suiphurisation obtain
scan

the desulphurisation of the

flue gas.
from underground coalfields. by
the collection plates.
in underground saline aquifers.
small particles from flue gas. the
magnet attracts them.
forces the oil to rise to the surface. a
negative electric charge from the
electrodes.

2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of energy verbs from the Word list.
I To stop power plants emitting harmful gases, they should be
to CCS.
2 To make coal cleaner, you can it into small particles and
it before burning.
3 After going through the separator, the steam and is then
returned to the reservoir.
4 Gas can and to LNG by cooling it to a very
low temperature.
3 4. 16 Listen to and repeat the verbs in column 3 of the Word list, and the compound
nouns in column 4.

Planning 31