Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
ENTERPRENUERSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN
ENUGU STATE: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT
ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN
ENUGU STATE: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT
FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA
ENUGU CAMPUS
SEPTEMBER, 2014
3
A PROJECT SUBMITTED
DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT
FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA
ENUGU CAMPUS
SEPTEMBER, 2014
4
APPROVAL
……….......……..……….. ………………..
PROF. U.J.F. EWURUM DATE
Supervisor
……….......……..……….. ………………..
DR. O. C. UGBAM DATE
Head of Department
5
CERTIFICATION
embodied in this project is original and has not been submitted in part or
full for any other Diploma or Degree of this or any other University.
………………..………………..
EZENAGU IJEOMA CELIN
PG/MBA/12/61619
Student
6
DEDICATION
This research work is dedicated to the Almighty God, for his guidance
throughout the period of this course. It is his grace and kindness that saw
me through.
7
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The researcher of this project is most grateful to the Lord God Almighty,
for his unending mercy and grace throughout this work. I would like to
Professor, UJF Ewurum whose expertise gave this work a solid and
academic work can never be the sole effort of an individual. Many people
are bound to offer help, and advice, encouragement, and active assistance
in setting the work ready for presentation. I would like to acknowledge all
writers and authors whose works are cited in this project, special thanks
family.
Professor Ewurum U.J.F, H.O.D Dr. O.C Ugbam, Dr Nnadi, Dr. Mrs.
Ogbo, A.I. Dr. E.K Agbaeze. My completion of this project could not
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
Approval i
Certification ii
Acknowledgments iii
Abstract vi
List of Tables x
References 10
2.1 Introduction 11
Entrepreneurship 27
Enugu State 32
Reference 39
3.1 Introduction 40
References 45
AND CONCLUSION
5.2 Conclusion 57
5.3 Recommendations 58
Bibliography 60
Appendix 62
Questionnaires 63
13
LIST OF TABLES
to established? 50
entrepreneurs 51
growth of entrepreneurship 52
14
entrepreneurship 52
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
in Nigeria, the average Nigerian still lives subsist below the absolute
strategy that was pursued and faced with this failure; the need for a
appreciate this study more, some concepts that are associated with this
assets into combination that make their value greater than before and who
risk takers who create businesses; they assemble all the factors of
and assuming the accompanying financial, psychic and social risks and
country for sometime now. These have, inevitably led to the near collapse
therefore against this background that this work sets out to evaluate
may know will may know all the management principles and theories, his
appropriate human relations ability and may not possess the appropriate
likely to fail.
18
businesses.
Disaster: There are certain circumstances over which small scale business
product or accident or sudden death of the owner may adversely affect the
High Rate of Loan Diversion and Defaults: Both loans obtained from
hence failure to repay the loan plus interest affect the business.
friends and relations are often times too hard to collect in times of need.
business failure sets in. Lack of the use of modern method of gathering
are mixed up with personal finance and stacks required for personal needs
cash and slacks are taken at will for personal use whenever the need
arises with out accounting for such withdrawals. This makes is difficult to
assess the operating results of the business and at times starves the forms
The aim of this topic is to recall the pivotal role, which entrepreneurs and
Therefore the study will make every effort to reveal the various ways to
be overcomes.
(4) By extension and implication, the study shall provide how the
government both state and national and also the society will
economy).
4) In what ways can both the government (state and national via their
entrepreneurship development?
researchers and scholars who may wish to venture into the areas of
the topic is a partial fulfillment for the award of post graduate master in
management (MBA).
Time constraints: The research was faced with time intensive activities
which she was unable to under taken in combination with load of family
and reliable data for analysis was one of the limitations of this study. An-
in depth study and analysis of the subject would not be possible since the
study was restricted to just one state (Enugu state). Lastly, some of the
to the study were not handy even though a concerted effort was made to
to pace odds.
24
REFERENCES
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 Introductions
they had to exchange these surpluses with those who needed them within
they can concentrate on the areas of production they are best fitted.
man who might be said to have strong will to succeed, he might engage
the services of others, like friends, mates, in-laws etc, to help him in his
producer most often started with small capital, most of it from his own
26
coming of the colonial masters who brought in their wears and made
sole proprietorship. One of the major factors which has in many ways
because those days the economy was large enough to absorb people into
foreign entrepreneurs during the colonial era was very detrimental and the
and also against moral standard established in the society. They did not
adhere to the theory of fight and let’s live. For instance, the United
They had the policy of dealing directly with producers and refuse to make
skills and attitude. Because of this, many eventually folded up. Those that
down. But with more people been educated and the fact that government
etc, and other policies that encourage or make it easy for entrepreneurs to
acquire the needed funds, e.g., peoples Bank of Nigeria, funds for small-
assist entrepreneurs.
and existing users in human society (Acts and storey 2004, minimize and
assume the risks for the sake of profit. It is also defined as the ability and
production of goods and services and bear the attendant risks thereof. The
(Umebali, 2001:133),
29
In other words, is defined as the process whereby the quality and quantity
particular, development implies not merely the growth of per capital real
incomes, but also its distribution, the sources of growth, the development
have been the subject of study is for many years. Researches have tried to
overview and clarity the key factors that cause some business to grow
rapidly. While others remain small or grow very slowly, often studies
example, suggests that most likely there are some skills that can be taught
and some that cannot. Some theories were developed that entrepreneurs
economic sustainability.
30
and Starr 1993), organizing (Johanisson 1988), making the ideas work
even though the needed resources are not under control (Stevenson and
Jarilto 1990), all new businesses (Acs et al 2001) etc. Because of the lack
the outcome new value creation that fuels economic growth (Maes, 2003;
academicians and policy makers the world over. It has equally provoked
2000, Clausen, 2006, Praag & Versloot, 2007). Naude (2011) contends
increasingly play a more important role. The adduces three reasons for
this development.
32
The first is that the managed economy of the 1970s. 2009 in the west,
goods and services are more flexibly provided by smaller creative class
poverty and slow economic growth rate (Adejumo, 2001, Ariyo, 2005,
2012, Oyelola et. al, 2013, Satami, 2013). Given the generally held view
government in Nigeria have, over the past three decades, evolved policies
all the efforts, unemployment rate has remained high, rising from 13.1%
33
50% (IMF, 2013, rise networks, 2013). Over 100 million Nigerian live
below poverty line on less than US$I a day and with the percentage of the
2.4.1 The Need for Entrepreneurship in Enugu State and the Nation
at Large
economy over the years. The economic contribution accrued from the
development of entrepreneurship.
Enugu State
(4) Corruption
(5) Courts
(15) Transportation
(13) Disaster
follow:
economy?
venture possible?
ventures development?
(8) Corruption
(9) Courts
(11) Electricity
(17) Transportation
in Nigeria are not valued and Enugu state amongst other states
people.
believes that Enugu is not a business area and a such will not
nobody wants to take a plunge into a new area that is why there
oil companies etc, around us, money do not really change hands
rural areas. The available power supplies in the urban areas are
efficiently.
jobs are given to the people that come from their own
41
firms are not given jobs as often as it should be. The reason that
their jobs are not satisfactory does not sound convincing. Also
growth.
being.
and efforts.
development predicament.
44
against information from other firms. This thus makes it easier for
teacher should show students how they could do them. Experience is the
system and the quality of the society’s life. Educators need to analyze the
system, develop a positive attitude about it and begin to express the value
business manager.
47
vital career option and also by preparing students to deal with problems
management.
is certain and that is that the future will always be different from the
the resourceful people who can see and exploit propitious situations.
opportunities.
federal and state levels and therefore portrays a good omen for the
legislation.
49
opportunity for project recognition and service for anyone service than
competition that makes a person who is already doing a good job to try
large enough to support it, that business is bound to fail and with the
and as well monopolize the market and make his profit before others will
come in to join him and if the location is good, other business will soon
arrive who may not even be in direct competition with the former if they
50
represent different products and services. They will actually bring more
with imagination and a little courage and who believes in his or her own
item or service which satisfies the public and new business must be
located, they must be keeping with time. Everyday research and invention
produces new products and new services that replace the old products and
services.
department of commerce.
need, something that is valuable for which people will like to pay. It is a
equally good to determine the market size and the length of the
opportunity, which are the primary bases for determining the risks and
rewards of opportunity.
52
not as people who are born with certain character traits but as managers
who know where to look for innovation and how to develop it into useful
entrepreneurship not being an art you either have, or you don’t but rather
lack of infrastructural facilities etc. Elicited from the review is also the
and the issues which are worth considering in order to accelerate the
section 2.3, state government should as well seek assistance from the
individual abound who are ready and willing to be self reliance and
which Enugu state people are not left out to be precise. As such they
REFERENCES
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
This chapter has a detailed account of the research design and procedures.
validity.
56
Both primary and secondary data derived from different sources were
used.
Personal Interview
The personal interview was used to obtain direct and first hand
questionnaires.
Questionnaires
Secondary data formed a sizeable portion of this work and were notably
drawn from the six selected arm of Enugu, Abakpa, Asata, Achara
Layout, Coal camp, Uwani and Emene Area. Students of two institutions
To determine the sample for the study, the study made up of Yaro
N= N
1 + Ne2
I = mathematical constant
N= 800 (0.05)2
1 + 800
58
n= 800 (0.0025)
1 + 800
n = 267 x 500
800 1
= 133500 = 166875
800
= 300 x 267
811 1
= 80100
810 100.125
166.875
100.725 267.000
= 267.000 Approximately
To ensure that the instrument was able to ensure what it is set measure,
face validity was carried. The questionnaire was given to the research
event measures. In the area of the research, the reliability can be tested
non- business organized the an sores from other sources can then be
F x 100
∑n 1
100% or percentages
∑ = summation
60
REFERENCES
CHAPTER FOUR
distributed, that a total of 240 was duly completed and returned making a
Table 4.1: Shows that respondents of the two (2) group of respondents,
above study. This can be ascertain from the response rate gotten from
From table 4.2, it can be deduced that under small scale industrialists 140
of the respondent were small scale industrialists, while 100 were students.
Table 4 3: Shows that 14-58 of the respondents were below 25yrs, 14-58
were below 35 yrs, while 29-17 were 31-40yrs. This means that the
Table 4.4, shows 25% of the respondents were single, 58-33% of them
GCE/RSA 35 14.58 - - -
HND/Degree - - - - -
Table 4.5: Shows that 14.58% of the respondents hold WAEC (1 level)
29.17% have HND, and B.SC under industrialist. Therefore the majority
SECTION B
No - - - - 100
Table 4.6, showed that 58.33% under industrialists and 41.67% under
development of entrepreneurship.
No - - - - 100
Table 4.8, showed that 58.33% under industrialists and 41.67% under
established?
- 100
Table 4.10: Indicates that 58.33% under industrialists and 100% under
establish.
66
entrepreneurs
No 60 25 40 16.67 100
No 80 33.33 60 25 100
Result: 25% under industrialists and 16.67 under students indicated yes
Result: Indicated that 33.33 under industrialist and 25% under students
entrepreneurship
Result shows that 33.33% under industrialists and 25% under students
says yes to the question while 25% under industrialists and 16.67%
Result, shows that 14.58% under industrialists and 16.67 under students
says yes to the No 12 question while 29.17% under industrialists and 25%
don’t know.
Result showed that 80% under industrialists and 60% under student says
No 60 25 - 100
Result shows that 33.33% under industrialists and 60% under students
says “yes to the question No 14 while 60% under industrialists say “No”
No 60 25 40 16.67 100
Result shows that 80% under industrialists and 60% under students says
question No 15
Results indicate that 58.38 under industrialists and 41.67% under students
Result shows that 60% under industrialists and 40 under students says
“yes” while 60% under industrialists and 60% under students says “ No”
to question 17.
71
CHAPTER FIVE
RECOMMENDATIONS
Data analysis carried out into this project research revealed the following
facts:
growth of entrepreneurship.
entrepreneurship.
entrepreneurs.
opportunities to people.
on it.
development entrepreneurship.
5.2 Conclusion
growth in any economy. There is need to have good business training and
skills that enable them know the intricacies and logistics in business
etc.
73
As revealed in the study so far carried out shows that the problem that
of working capital and capital for expansion at the time. They cannot
skills due to the poor incentive and inadequate knowledge and training
5.3 Recommendations
motivate them.
business.
running of business.
75
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
Dear Respondents,
Yours faithfully,
QUESTIONNAIRES
1. sex of respondent
(a) Male [ ]
(b) Female [ ]
2. Age of respondent
(a) Below [ ]
(b) 26-30 [ ]
(c) 31 – 40 [ ]
(d) above 40 [ ]
3. Marital status
(a) Single [ ]
(b) Married [ ]
4. Academic qualifications
entrepreneurship?
(a) Yes [ ]
(b) No [ ]
79
entrepreneurship?
(a) Yes [ ]
(b) No [ ]
(a) Yes [ ]
(b) No [ ]
(a) Yes [ ]
(b) No [ ]
(a) Yes [ ]
(b) No [ ]
(a) Yes [ ]
(b) No [ ]
80
(a) Yes [ ]
(b) No [ ]
(a) Yes [ ]
(b) No [ ]
13. Do you think that the existence of small scale industries reduce
unemployment problems?
(a) Yes [ ]
(b) No [ ]
in it?
(a) Yes [ ]
(b) No [ ]
15. Do you think that the existence of small –scale industries introduce
(a) Yes [ ]
(b) No [ ]
81
(a) Yes [ ]
(b) No [ ]
entrepreneurship?
(a) Yes [ ]
(b) No. [ ]