Fluid Mechanics and Machinary Laboratory

Viva-Voce Questions:
1. Define the following:
 Fluid with an example
 Ideal fluid and real fluid with an example
 Compressible fluid and incompressible fluid with an example
 Laminar, transition and turbulent flows
 Steady flow and unsteady flow
 Reynold’s number
 Mass and weight of a fluid or a body
 Specific weight or weight density
 Specific volume of fluid
 Specific gravity/Relative density
 Mach number
 Newton’s law of viscosity
 Newtonian fluid and non-Newtonian fluid with an example
 Viscosity and Kinematic viscosity with units
 Poise and Stoke with units
 Pascal’s law
 Hydrostatic law
 Surface tension with an example and unit
 Capillarity with an example and unit
 Rotational and irrotational flows
 Absolute pressure, Absolute vacuum, vacuum pressure and gauge
pressure.
 Specific speed of turbine (Pelton/Francis/Kaplan)
 Unit speed, unit discharge and unit power of turbine
(Pelton/Francis/Kaplan)
 Specific speed of centrifugal pump
 Unit discharge and unit power of centrifugal pump
 Fluid Mechanics and Machinary Laboratory

2. What do you mean by the following: Viscosity/Absolute

viscosity/Dynamic viscosity, and Kinematic viscosity? State their
usefulness in the real world.
3. What is the effect of temperature on liquids and gases?
4. 1 litre of water weighs how many grams or kilograms of water?
5. What is the specific gravity of Petrol, Diesel, Kerosene, Mercury and
Water?
6. Why ice cubes floats on water?
7. What is the triple point of water?
8. Some insects can walk on water and a needle can float on water, give
reasons.
9. Explain the concept how water rises naturally from roots to all parts of
a tree?
10. State the application of Pascal’s law in lifting heavy weights with
small force.
11. What are the major and minor energy losses in a pipe flow? Give
example for each.
12. What do you mean by Bernoulli’s head and energy equation for
fluids?
13. Explain how major energy loss in a pipe flow is measured using
Darcy’s friction coefficient?
14. What do you mean by mass flow rate and volume flow rate
(discharge) of fluids? Give an example with units.
15. Give the examples for volume flow rate measuring device.
16. Define coefficient of discharge for the volume flow rate measuring
devices.
17. State the standard coefficient of discharge of the Venturimeter,
Orificemeter, V and rectangular notches.
18. State the device to measure velocity of fluid in a pipe flow.
19. State the importance of manometers.
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20. What do you mean by a Nozzle (reducer) and Diffuser (expander)?

Explain its energy conversion.
21. Among venturimeter and orifice meters, which is efficient?
22. What do you mean by power absorbing and power delivering turbo-
machineries? Give Example.
23. What do you know about Fan, Blower, and Compressor? What is the
exit pressure of these devices?
24. What do you mean by centrifugal force and centripetal force?
25. What are the merits, demerits and applications of centrifugal and
reciprocating pumps?
26. Explain the energy conversions observed in centrifugal and
reciprocating pumps.
27. Explain the energy conversions observed in hydel (hydroelectric)
power plants.
28. Explain how the hydraullic turbines are classified?
29. What do you mean by impulse and reaction hydraullic turbine? Give
real world examples.
30. What do you mean by low, medium, and high head hydraullic
turbines?
31. State the real world applications of Pelton turbine, Francis turbine
and Kaplan turbine.
32. What do you mean by draft tube? State its importance in hydraullic
turbines.