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Definition
Form is one of the seven Elements of Art, which are the visual tools that an
artist uses to compose a work of art. As an Element of Art, form connotes
something that is three-dimensional and encloses volume, having length,
width, and height, versus shape, which is two-dimensional, or flat. A form is
a shape in three dimensions, and, like shapes, can be geometric or organic.
Types
Geometric forms are most often found in architecture and the built
environment, although you can also find them in the spheres of planets and
bubbles, and in the crystalline pattern of snowflakes, for example.
Organic forms are those that are free flowing, curvy, sinewy, and are not
symmetrical or easily measurable or named.
Principles
The principles of form represent how the artist uses the elements of art to create an
effect and to help convey the artist's intent. The principles of form are: balance,
contrast, emphasis, movement, pattern, rhythm, and unity/variety.
Here are the 7 principles of art
Emphasis is when the artist creates an area of the composition that is visually
dominant and commands the viewer's attention. This is often achieved by contrast.
Movement is the result of using the element such that they move the viewer's eye
around and within the image.
Pattern is the uniform repetition of any of the element of form or any combination
thereof.
Unity/Variety You want your painting to feel unified such that all the elements fit
together comfortably. Too much unity creates monotony, too much variety creates
chaos. You need both.
Examples