Roll No.

______________________ Name: __________________ Date: ____________________

Power System Protection

Lab Session 2

Modeling of Definite Time Over-Current Relay

Using MATLAB

Objective:
At the end of this lab session students will be able to

 Understand the working of “Definite Time Over-Current Relay”.

 Implement “Definite Time Over-Current Relay” by using Matlab Simulink Libraries.

 Set the “Time Setting” of Definite Time Over-Current Relay.

 Use DTOC in power system for the protection.

 Differentiate between simple “OC Relay” and “DTOC Relay”.

3.0 Introduction
DTOC is an over current relay that waits for a definite amount of time after the
occurrence of the fault before it generates a trip signal. It is very important for the property of
of the protection system.

3.1 Laboratory Task

Implement definite time over current relay in Matlab Simulink that protects the
system in short circuit faults. After sensing the fault, the relay should wait for a definite
interval of time before generating the trip signal to circuit breakers which are carrying the
fault current. If the fault clears before the specified time interval, the relay should not
generate the trip signal.

Example: If the relay is set to wait for 3 cycles after the occurrence of the fault and the fault
is cleared in two cycles, the relay should not operate.

3.2 Procedure
Step 1: Draw a simple power system having a three phase source, 3-φ breaker, three phase
VI measurement unit, three phase RLC series load and block of three phase fault to
implement different types of fault in system. Connect the blocks as shown in the figure.
Note: In this model the block “DTOC” is a subsystem that contains the components of the
definite time over current relay.

Set the properties of each block as mentioned below. Keep all other parameters as it is.

Total Simulation Time: 0.25 s

Solver: Ode23tb (stiff/TR-BDF2)
Note: To select the solver go to menu bar > Simulation > Configuration Parameters OR press
(Ctrl + E) and select the solver. Also set following solver options.

Relative tolerance: 1e-3 (default)

Solver reset Method: Robust
System Frequency: 50 Hz

See "Improving Simulation Performance" chapter in SimPowerSystems documentation for

additional information on how to select an appropriate integration method.

Three phase source:

Voltage (Phase to Phase): 11e3 V
Internal connection: Y grounded
Specify impedance using short-circuit level: Select this option
3 phase short circuit level: 500e6 VA
Base voltage: 11e3 V

Three-Phase Breaker:
Initial status of breakers: closed
Enable switching of all Phases
Breakers resistance Ron: 0.001
Snubbers resistance Rp: 1e6
Snubbers capacitance Cp: inf

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Three-Phase Series RLC Load:
Configuration: Y grounded
Nominal voltage: 11e3 V
Active Power (MW): 200e6 W
Inductive reactive power: 100 VAR
Capacitive reactive Power: 0 VAR

Three Phase Fault:

Ground fault: Select this option
External control of fault timing: Select this option
Initial status of fault: [0 0 0]

Timer (Fault Control):

This block has been used to control the fault timings. It is available in Simpower-
System>>Extra Library >> Control Blocks.
The Timer block generates a signal changing at specified transition times. Use this
block to generate a logical signal (0 or 1 amplitudes) and control the occurrence and duration
of fault. You can also use this block to generate a signal whose amplitude changes by steps at
specified transition times.

Time(s):
The transition times, in seconds, when the output of the block changes its value as defined by
the Amplitude parameter. The Time(s) parameter must be a vector of the same length as the
vector defined in the Amplitude parameter. The definition of the time 0 is optional. If a signal
is not specified at time 0, the output is kept at zero until the first transition time specified in
the Amplitude vector.
Amplitude:
This is a vector of signal amplitudes to be generated by the Timer block. The amplitude is
kept constant between transitions times defined in the Time(s) vector.

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Step 2:
Run the system in normal condition. This can be done by setting the fault control to
zero to deactivate the fault or by disconnecting the fault block from system.Measure the RMS
value of the load current which is rated current of the system.
Set the “current setting” of the relay. This will be 1.4 times of the RMS value of the
rated load current. (As in lab session # 1)

Note: In this case the C.B trip signal should not be generated instantaneously after the
occurrence of the fault; rather the relay should wait for a predefined amount of time
before generating the trip signal.

Step 3:
Now implement DTOC in the subsystem. Connect blocks as shown in the figure.

A counter has been connected between Relational Operators. The counter block is
available in the Signal Processing Block set >> Signal Management >> Switches &
Counters. Set the parameters of counter block as given below.

Count Direction: Up
Count Event: Free running
Count Size: User defined
Max. Count: 1e6
Initial Count: 0
Output: Count
Sample Time: 0.001

Note: In Free running mode the counter starts counting from initial value and the count is
incremented until it is reset by logic 1 at the “Rst” input. In this particular case counter will
start the count from zero and it will be incremented after every 0.001 seconds.

This counter has been used to introduce delay in trip signal. The counter is activated
on the occurrence of the fault and its output is compared with (time setting) * 1000. When the
output of counter becomes greater than the “time setting” * 1000, relay gives a trip signal to
the breaker.

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 Now complete the implementation of DTOC by setting proper relational operator, the
value of constant, the initial condition of S-R Flip-Flop and proper output data-type of blocks.

Step 4:
Set the “time setting” of the relay in such a way that relay should give a trip signal to
the breaker if fault persist more than three cycles of current. This time can be calculated by
the knowledge of system frequency.

Set the value of the Timer (Fault control) such that two faults occur in the system,
Fault-One: That persists for a time less than two cycles of current. The relay should not
operate for this fault.
Fault-Two: That persists for a time greater than 3 cycles of current. The relay should
generate a trip signal for this fault.

Check the output of definite time over current relay in following fault conditions.

1) Single Line to Ground fault

2) Double Line to Ground fault
3) 3-φ Grounded fault

Obtained Marks /Sign: ___________________

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