FABRICATION OF AUTOMATED SEWAGE CLEANER

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

The Drainage water cleaner system are used to clean wastes from water like polythene, bottles
etc. present in water. This can be used to overcome the problem of filtration of wastes from
water and it save the time and cost that spend on cleaning the drainage. As the industry setup
increase in the environment the water coming from industries are full of wastes like polythene,
bottles, and other materials and that water mix with the other water that are used by people and
we know that that water is not good for the for health of people. So, to overcome from these
problems we can filter the water drainage water before it mixes with other water. This type of
filtration of water is called primary filtration. In this project we use DC or AC motor to run the
system when power supply is available& the Equipment’s we used is motor, chain, driver,
bucket, frame, wheel, sprocket gear, solid shaft etc. Water is a basic necessity of human and all
living beings.

Fig.1.1 Floating Wastes in Sewages

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There is a plenty of water on earth that is not suitable for human use. The impurities present in
water can cause hazardous diseases. Waste water is defined as the flow of used water from
homes, business industries, commercial activities and institutions which are subjected to the
treatment plants by a carefully designed and engineered network of pipes. The biggest impact of
cleaning the chemical wastes can cause respiratory diseases and it plays a challenging issue for
the municipality officers. Water damage is classified as three types of contaminated water. They
are clean water, gray water and black water. Clean water is from a broken water supply line or
leaking faucet. If not treated quickly, this water can turn into black water or gray water,
depending on length of time, temperature, and contact with surrounding contaminants. Gray
water is contaminated water that causes discomfort or illness. It includes washing machine
overflow; toilet overflow with some urine, and dishwasher overflow. Black water is grossly
contaminated and could cause severe illness or death if ingested and avoided such as flooding
from rivers or streams, water from beyond the toilet trap, water from the toilet bowl, or standing
water that has begun to support microbial growth.

A drainage ditch is a narrow channel that is dug at the side of a road or field to carry away the
water. Nowadays, even though automation plays a vital role in all industrial applications in the
proper disposal of sewages from industries and sewage cleaning is still a challenging task.
Drainage pipes are used for the disposal of sewage and unfortunately sometimes there may be
loss of human life while cleaning the blockages in the drainage pipes. The municipality workers
are only responsible to ensure that the sewage is clean or not. Though they clean the ditches at
the side of buildings, they can’t clean in very wide sewages. The municipality workers need to
get down into the sewage sludge to clean the wide sewage. It affects their health badly and also
causes skin allergies. With the continued expansion of industries, the problem of sewage water
must be urgently resolved due to the increasing sewage problems from industries to the
surrounding environment.

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CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW

1.Ganesh U L, et-al showed the usage of mechanical drainage cleaner to replace the manual
work required for drainage cleaning system. Drainage pipes are very dirty. Sometimes it is
harmful for human life while it is need for cleaning drainage system. To overcome this problem,
they implemented mechanical semi-automatic drainage water cleaner and so the water flow is
efficient because of regular filtration of wastages with the help of that project. Different kinds of
environment hazards reduced with the help of Drainage system machine.

2. James C. Conwell, et-al proposed the design and construction of a new test machine
configuration that offers same advantages over the traditional one. The new machine and
attendant instrumentation provide more realistic chain loading and allow link tension and roller
sprocket impact monitoring during normal operation. The incorporation of idle sprocket allows
independent adjustment of test on length and preload.

3.R. Sathiyakala ,et-al said that the usage of mechanical drainage system cleaner to replace the
manual work required for drainage cleaning system. Drainage pipes are very dirty. Sometimes it
is harmful for human life while it is need for cleaning drainage system. To overcomes this
problem, they implemented a mechanical semi – automated drainage water cleaner and so the
water flow efficient because the regular filtration of wastage with help of that project.

4.Karthikeyan, et-al explained flow of used water from homes, business, industry, and
commercial activities are called waste water. 200 and 500 litter wastage water are generated each
person every day. So, using the waste water technology that removes, a pollutant in a drainage
system.

5. S S Rattan, et-al explained a bucket use for draining system because bucket lifted sewage and
used evaporation system for this sewage wet sewage was converted into dry matters, with the

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ARM board this process was performed. After this process they were add this waste a
government without any kind of affection of the bacteria.

6.S D Rahul Bharadwaj, et.al. proposed with the automatic cleaning of waste water in order to
prevent global warming and melting of glaciers. The results emphasize the need of waste water
treatment plants, through which the water is treated before suspending in rivers. Initially power is
generated and that power is used for waste water cleaning process.

7.Mr. Nikhil S. Pisal1, et.al. proposed safe load for the chain and the ability of the same to
withstand the use of Finite Element Modeling would be the core objective of the work. An
existing chain link was used for benchmarking the research work. Finite Element Analysis tools
like Hyper Mesh and ANSYS were suitable to find the performance of the link under tensile
loads. The design for the chain would be subjected to F.E Analysis to find the effect of loads
(tension) on the link. The proposed method utilizes software in the FEA domain for analyzing
the effects of the variation in the values of the design parameters influencing the performance
criterion. The FEM method is used to analyze the stress state of an elastic body with a given
geometry, such as chain link.

8.K Mahadevan, et-al proposed safe load for the chain and ability of the same to with stand the
use of finite element modeling would be the core objective of the work. An existing chain link
used for benchmarking the research work. The FEM method is used analyze the stress state of
the elastic body with a given geometry, such as chain link.

2.2 OBSERVATION FROM LITERATURE SURVEY

• It helps us to detect improper maintenance of drainage sewer systems that causes

urban flooding.
• Accumulation of dumped debris or disposal of solid waste in the drainage is the main
reason for drain blockages.

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CHAPTER 3

OBJECTIVE, METHODOLOGY AND SCOPE

3.1 OBJECTIVE
• To design and fabricate a drainage cleaning machine.
• To design an economical machine for collection of waste from drainage.

3.2 METHODOLOGY
• Literature survey.
• Problem identification.
• Design of drainage cleaning machine and mechanism.
• Selection of standard parts and materials.
• Fabrication of each component and constructing the setup.
• Conducting the Test.

3.3 SCOPE

• It can be installed for domestic drain lines treatment for Municipal Cooperation.
• It can be used for proper treatment of sewage as well as to avoid blockage of drains.
• It is portable and compact in size which initiates easy handling

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CHAPTER 4

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT

4.1 3D MODEL OF AUTOMATED SEWAGE CLEANER

Fig.4.1 3D MODEL OF AUTOMATED SEWAGE CLEANER

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4.2 DIMENSIONS AND CALCULATIONS

COLLECTING BIN

• Length of the collecting bin=750mm

• Breadth of the collecting bin=350mm
• Height of the collecting bin =500mm
• Volume of the collecting bin =lbh

V =750x350x500

V =131.25×106 mm3

LIFTER

• Length of the bucket=l1=600 mm

• Width of the bucket =b1= 150mm
MATERIAL USED: Stainless Steel 304
FUNCTION: It is used to collect floating waste.
Distance between buckets=200mm
Area of the bucket=a1=l1xb1
A =600x150
A=90000 mm2

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Fig 4.2 Lifter

To find Power of the motor-

Maximum mass to be lifted =12kg

Total load F=m x g

=12x9.81

= 117.72N

Diameter of shaft=D=25mm

Diameter of the sprocket=d=100mm

Torque = T=F x r

=117.72x50

=5886N-mm

=5.886Nm

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POWER TO DRIVE THE MOTOR

2𝜋𝑁𝑇
P= 60

2𝜋×60×5886∗10−3
P= 60

P = 36.98 W
P = 0.03698 kW
P= 0.046 hp

CENTER DISTANCE AND ANGLE-

Height = 1200mm

Base length =800mm

Height2 =200mm

Center distance, C= (8002+10002)1/2

C=1290mm

Angle, α=tan-(100/80)

α=510

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4.3 WORKING PRINCIPLE

The proposed Automatic Sewage Cleaner is placed across the drain in order to filter the waste
things like Bottles, Papers etc. Floating in drain is lifted by bucket conveyor which is connected
to chain. This chain is attached by sprocket with shaft driven by wiper motor which is energized
by solar photovoltaic cell. When wiper motor runs the shaft, chain starts to circulate making the
bucket conveyor to lift up. The waste materials are lifted by lifter and are stored in waste storage
tank. Once the storage tank is full, wastages collected in the collecting bin are removed by using
belt conveyers.

4.4 TESTING/EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

• Tests are to be conducted in different drainage.

• Tests are to be conducted with different types of waste.
• The test is to be conducted calculating the time and total weight of the waste collected
within the given time.

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CONCLUSION

• In the treatment system of drainage Waste water control by the motor, roller chain and
sprocket, lifter and the collecting bin to achieve semi-automatic control of sewage waste
water treatment.
• Drainage from industries is treated through this project to meet the national emission
standards, with stable operation, low cost and good effect.
• This system is used To Operate Automatic Sewage Cleaning System. This project may be
developed with the full utilization of men, machines, and materials and money.
• Also, we have followed thoroughly the study of time motion and made our project
economical and efficient with the available resources.

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REFERENCES
[1] Ganesh U L,et.al. “Semi-Automatic Drain Sewage Water Treatment Of Floating
Materials”, International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, Vol No- 05,
Jul-2016.

[2] James C. Conwell, G.E. Johnson, “Design, Construction and Instrumentation of a

Machine to Measured Tension and Impact Forces in Roller Chain Drives”, December 1989.

[3] R.Sathiyakala et.al., “Smart Sewage Cleaning System” International Journal of Innovative
Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol No- 4, February 2016.

[4] S D Rahul Bharadwaj, Shraddha R Jogdhankar, “Automatic Wastewater treatment

process to reduce global warming” International Journal of Environmental Science:
Development and Monitoring, Vol No- 2 (2013).

[5] S S Rattan Department of Mechanical Engineering Regional Engineering College

Kurukshetra (2004). “Theory of machines” Publication: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing
Company Limited.

[6] Design and Data hand book for Mechanical Engineers by K Mahadevan and K Balaveera
reddy. Fourth edition 2013.

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