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Microscopic
thermodynamics -look at every
molecule and analyze collective
molecular action by statistical
methods.
1
Thermodynamics 1 – Basic Concept& Definitions
2
Thermodynamics 1 – Basic Concept& Definitions
Thermodynamic Properties
Mass is the absolute
quantity of matter in a substance. System units where K is unity
It is invariant with location: the but not dimensionless.
mass of the body is the same 1. CGS: 1 dyne force
anywhere in the universe. accelerates 1 gm mass at 1
Volume is the amount of cm/s2
space occupied by the mass or gmm−cm
matter. K=1
dyne−s2
Force is defined as the
2. MKS: 1 Newton force
mass times the acceleration.
accelerates 1 kg mass at 1
Newton’s 2nd law of motion -
m/s2
States that “The acceleration of a kg −m
body is directly proportional to K=1 m 2
N −s
the force applied and inversely
3. FPS: 1 lb. force accelerates
proportional to its mass “
1 slug mass at 1 ft/s2
3
Thermodynamics 1 – Basic Concept& Definitions
4
Thermodynamics 1 – Basic Concept& Definitions
5
Thermodynamics 1 – Basic Concept& Definitions
m=1508.7077 kg m
Given: mg
W=
m = 9kgm k
F = 3 kgf m
kgm−m 1508.7077 kgm ×1,70
k = 9.8066 s2
kgf −s 2 W=
kgm−m
9.8066
kgf −s2
Solution:
ma
F= W =261.5385 kg f
k
Fk
a= ma
m b. F=
kgm−m k
3 kgf × 9.8066 m
kgf −s 2 1508.7077 kgm×10
a= s2
9 kgm F=
kgm−m
9.8066
m kgf −s 2
a=3.2689
s2 F=1538.4615 kg f
m
1508.7077 kgm×10
2. A lunar excursion module (LEM) s2
F=
weights 1500 kgf on earth kgm−m
1
where g=9.75 mps2, (a) what N−s 2
will be its weight on the surface
of the moon where gm=1.70 F=15087.077 N
mps2. (b) on the surface of the
moon, what will be the force in 3. The mass of a fluid system is
kgf and in newtons required to 0.311 slug, its density is 30
accelerate the module at 10 lb./ft3 and g is 31.90 fps 2.
mps2. Determine Specific volume,
specific weight and volume
Given: total.
W = 1500 kgf
m Given:
g = 9.75 2
s M = 0.311 slug
m lb
gm = 1.70 2 ρ=30 3
s ft
g = 31.90 fps2
Solution:
mg mg Solution:
F= ; W= 1
k k V 1
Wk (a). = = lbm = 0.3333
a. m= m ρ 30 3
g ft
kgm−m ft 3
1500 kgf ×9.8066
kgf −s 2 lbm
m=
m
9.75
s2
6
Thermodynamics 1 – Basic Concept& Definitions
lbm ft 1
30× 31.90 2
ρg ft 3
s = lbm
(b). = = 40 3
k lbm−ft ft
32.174
lbf −s2
= 0.025
ft 3
lbf lbm
= 29.7445
ft 3
ρg
(d). ¿
lbm k
(c). m= 0.311 slug × 32.174
slug lbm ft
m = 10.006114 lbm
40 3
×31.90 2
ft s
=
10.006114 lbm lbm−ft
32.174
m lbf −s2
V= = lbm
ρ 30 3
ft lbf
V = 0.3335 ft3 = 39.6594
ft 3
4. A cylindrical drum (2ft
diameter, 3ft height) is filled
with a fluid whose density is 40
lb/ft3. Determine the total
volume of flud, total mass in
pounds and slug, Specific
volume and Specific weight (g
= 31.90 fps2).
GIVEN:
d = 2ft
h = 3ft
lbm
𝜌 = 40
ft 3
(d). g = 31.90 fps2
SOLUTION:
(a). V = π r2 h
= π׿
V = 9.43 ft3
m
(b). ρ=
V
m = 𝜌V
lbm
= 40 3
× 9.43 ft3
ft
M = 376 lbm
1
(c). =
ρ