YEAR 13 LITERATURE- POETRY

THEME: GENDER THEME : GENDER

POEM#1
POEM#2
The Woman
she rises in the early morn My Neighbour
her vala tied above her breasts
to the sea she hurries with flowers,alone My neighbour is
to wash the sins the night has left A very generous man
He pays school fees
the pastor he would curse her now Of needy children
if he knew she’d eaten (again) from the tree Every year
but a Family Planning volunteer Provides feasts
did clear her with a shot for free For his church
And is a supporter
the waves caress her bosom Of women;s rights -
more patient then the man had been Yet I can never understand
her heart’s consistent wailing Why he frequently
drowns the songs the spirits sing Beats up his wife.
Activities
she buries her treasures in her soul Research work- apart from the synopsis
the pastor wants them saved given about Konai Thaman. Find out
more information on her passion for
the man, he’ll sleep until the dawn writing, her achievements ,names of the
such turtle blind faith literary works publishes. Paste a picture of
her along with your write up in your Lit.
a sea gull old with waiting exercise book.
cries ‘where did you bury them pray?’ Read each of the poem. Analyse with
she smiles her secrets in the sand pencil. Paste and copy the notes on page
where silence betrays their emptiness 89.

Do the same for poem 2. Analyse poem

with parted lips she waits and aches and copy notes on page 88.
for the slow sweet shell to break Attempt Reflective activity for both.
pastor please don’t save them yet poems
the generous act she must protest

she gathers her modern chestnut leaf

and makes a rock her hiding place
the distant breakers echo the call
but now she has to wait.
POEM # 3
THEME : GLOBALISATION
SUNDAY SADNESS
Smell the odour
Of the Sunday ‘umu
Empty, the coals smoking
From the killer waters.
The day’s hunting eerie idleness
Envelopes papa’s heap
Of breadfruit crusts
Scarred remains of futile attempts
Of teethless gums;
Pieces of kiwi mutton flaps
Flavour market grown taro leaves,
Welcoming change to
Tinned “Ocean’ fish
Saviour of now dormant fishermen
And statistical farmers.
Cold manioc, once famine famed
Now daily bread,
Stare from mama’s shrunken dish
At tearless people with velvet shoes
Who have ceased to walk
The good rich island earth
Of yam harvests
And plentiful Sundays………
Come, look through the smoke
Of the dying fire
At grandpa;s ghost weeping
Quietly cursing
The forbidding sultry silence!
POEM # 4
THEME : GLOBALISATION
LANGAKALI
Langakali!
Have you heard the latest?
The jellyfish at Fanga’uta swim freely in the waters
Of Vaiola, refuge of our ailing brothers
From the north.
Hangale flowers, we’ll pick no more –
Government houses have killed them all.
Yesterday I saw a child ‘swimming in a ‘umu’
I said, “ Why dony you go the sea?”
He just starred at me in silence
Then said,”its Sunday, cant you see?”
Must we hear this band of progress
Stand in line for the sweat
Of our brother’s brow?
Must we now wear trousers and neckties
To be respectable?
Must you throw this medicinal branch
Out the door?
It will put out roots
And one day the tree will destroy
Your brick house.
You, and your sick son.
Today I’ll polish my son’s shoes
For the parade- parliament’s closing.
He’ll stand on the broken pavement
Drink the sun’s heat
But would not hear the proclamation—
National airlines, royal tours, the Arabs,
(We need their money but not their religion)
“ Stay, help your father carve
Heads from the tamanu,
For your fees and the church.”
Must I wear this black garb for another day?
Grandma is probably laughing in her grave,
Her educated son wears leather boots
Even in the house.
Why do you weep Langakali? In respect of a sizeable “gift”
Is it because they lied to you? Too many people are working
Or is it because they did not tell you For money.
The whole story?
You see, the four winds did send me away The sound of the conch shell
To bathe in the stormclouds; Haunts me still
A commoner with no soul I journeyed Like the cry
In the grey hair of the sky, Of my unborn child!
But I heard the song of the sea, I remember his face
Made my heart strong Turning away
That I could still find a place. Trying to hide his grief.
The masters of our land
Langakali! Have sold our souls
Did you begin to wonder To the new religion, money lenders
Whether I would ever return? Experts and the watch dogs of Vegas.
Would you see me again
Amidst the darkness and the soot Langakali!
Of our burnt - out fale? No longer do I see your face
They said the burning is good for the soil Adorn our roads and roaming grooms
But the trees suffer- Or perfume the evening sea breeze
They take so long to mature; Broken beer bottles
Black coconut trunks, a dreadful sight Greet the incoming tides
Headless, they scorn the corrupted air. And gravetalk is no more
For the unblinking eyes of plastic flowers
The old man in the boathouse Stare away visitors from Pulotu,
Is growing weary Home of our warriors and conversationalists.
He told me that he knew Pray, give me now a fast canoe
The sea’s origin, the moon’s, the sky’s, That I may join Read poem no#3. Paste it
And even the sun’s; The fish of the ocean
in your book and analyse.
But he did not know And together we will weep
Why men deceive and women keep on loving them. For the works of theCopy
night.
the notes from the
It was at Hala Liku that I met him Y13 Communications Text
Alone, he only had the rain and the surf, Bkactivities
The land, he gave away – Attempt the reflective
They are building runways, hotels and warehouses exercise on page 90.
On it.
It was a stormy day Do the same for poem
When he paddled away no#4. (page 92- 93)
In a borrowed canoe. Research Work- Find out
more details on the
His son, he said, had gone abroad to work Langakali flower- its
For money. significance.
He paid the company for airfares
Accommodation and food, and Copy model type question
on page 93. (attempt)
Came home a poor man.
Now his house belongs to the Development Bank Copy plan and model
His boat belongs to the chief,and solution.
His working on a deal with the taxman (cont’d)
 Short Stories
(Hand outs will be made available from the office)
Theme: LOVE

Short Story 1: Harry Short Story 3 : The Knife

Author : Rosemary Timperley Author : Judah Waten

I. Read the story carefully. I. Read the story carefully.

II. Analyse the role of each character.
III. Who is the main character?
IV. Why has Timperley titled the story as
Harry?
V. Copy the notes in your Y13
Communications Book (Page 52 -
55) – not photocopied
VI. Also answer the activity questions at
the bottom of the page.
II. Analyse the role of each character.
III. Who is the main character?
IV. Why has Waten titled the story as
The Knife?
V. Copy the notes in your Y13
Communications Book (Page 59 -
61) – not photocopied
VI. Also answer the activity questions at
the bottom of the page.

Short Story 2 : The Girl who Had Everything Short Story 4 : The Choice is Yours

Author : Ellen Conford Author : Jan Mark

I. Read the story carefully.

I. Read the story carefully. II. Analyse the role of each character.
II. Analyse the role of each character. III. Who is the main character?
III. Who is the main character? IV. Why has Mark titled the story as
IV. Why has Conford titled the story as such?
such ? V. Copy the notes in your Y13
V. Copy the notes in your Y13 Communications Book (Page 62- 64)
Communications Book (Page 56 - – not photocopied
58) – not photocopied VI. Also answer the activity questions at
the bottom of the page.
VI. Also answer the activity questions at
Activity
the bottom of the page.
Turn to page 65.

Choose an exam type question based on a

specific theme.

Devise a plan and attempt essay of choice,

Register Study # 3
Language of Law/ Legalese
What is it? It is the formal and technical language of legal documents that is often hard
to understand. Basically, it is the specialized language of the legal profession.

Lawyers

Police Officers
Who uses
legalese? Politicians

Commercialese
Magistrate/ judges
And we may add, learned people in society like you.

Using your Y13 English Communications Text;

List down at least 10 legal jargons and its definitions.

Read and copy the notes on page 66.

Attempt the 2 activity samples on page 67 &68.

(any questions/ queries must be jotted down and to be brought to our discussion forum)

LANGUAGE OF LAW / LEGAL LANGUAGE (6 MARKS)

Study the sample below and answer the questions that follow.

Manslaughter

239. A person commits an indictable offence if-

(a) the person engages in conduct; and

(b) the conduct causes the death of another person; and

(c) the first- mentioned person-

(i) intends that the conduct will cause serious harm; or

(ii) is reckless as to a risk that the conduct will cause serious harm to the other person

Penalty - Imprisonment for twenty –five years.

Adapted from: Crimes Decree n.o.42 of 2009 pg 1105-6

QUESTIONS
 I. Identify the audience the above sample is meant for. (1m)
II. Comment on the layout of the sample. (2m)
III. Identify a legal jargon and comment on its effect. (2m)
IV. Identify a non-linguistic feature. (1m)

Register Study #4
Language of Literary Criticism
What is it?
It is simply individuals/ organisations who review any literary work and provide positive or negative
comments on the work such as usually found in the blurb of a book or novel.

Publishers

Who
Novelists
uses it?
scholars
critics
Definitions:

 Critic: a person who expresses a reasoned opinion on any matter especially involving a
judgment of its value, truth, righteousness, beauty, or technique.

 Criticism: the analysis and judgment of the merits and faults of a literary or artistic work.

Using your Y13 English Communications Text;

Read and copy the notes on page 132.

Attempt the 2 activity samples on page

134.

(any questions/ queries must be jotted

down and to be brought to our discussion
forum)

LANGUAGE OF LITERARY CRITICISM (6 MARKS)

Study the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.

An award- winning journalist and Pulitzer Prize finalist fracking- and how it has it has
transformed American energy, the environment, and global economy.

Using a natural gift for engaging storytelling and award winning reporting, Russell Gold draws
on a decade of covering fracking to trace the promise and peril of what has become a
revolution in American energy.

The Boom is a thrilling journey filled with memorable and colourful characters: a green –
minded Texas oilman who created the first modern frack; an Oklahoman natural gas empire-
builder who gave the world an enormous new supply of energy but was brought down by his
own achievements; and an incredible cast of wildcatters and geologists, dreamers and drillers,
spectators and skeptics.

He captures the personalities, and the drama and surprises, and brings clarity to the debate
about the environmental impact- and what it means for the U.S. economy and ‘energy
independence. The Boom puts a human face on the unfinished story of our struggle to
transition to a sustainable world.

 Steven Chu, former United Secretary of Energy and Winner of the Nobel Prize in
Physics.

QUESTIONS
I. Identify the critic and critique making close reference to the above sample. (2m)

II. Select a literary jargon which assists to identify the register discussed. (1m)

III. Comment on the use of italics in the above sample. (1m)

IV. Outline a feature in the sample above which justifies the tone. (2m)

Language II

Subject Verb Agreement

Using your Y13 English Communications Book, re visit the rules on page 34-37 OR be audacious and
attempt Activity 3 on page 39. This activity must be written in your language Book. Either circle or
underline the correct answer.

Types of Sentences- (Notes)

Y13 communications Book.

 All sentences can be generally classified into 4 categories, depending on its sentence type.
 For instance : (DISCUSSION)
 Question – e.g what you doing?/ where are you going?- these
questions are actually interrogative in nature, therefore are known as
Interrogative Sentences.
 Statement- e.g. She is going to pass with flying colours. – here a
statement has been declared, therefore this type of sentence is
known as Declarative Sentences.
 Exclamation- e.g .Oh my goodness! – this is an exclamation since it
contains exclamatory features. This type of sentence is known as
Exclamatory.
 Imperative- e.g I expect all English coverage to be completed during
the school break. – this is a command or an imperative sentence. This
type of sentences are known as Imperative sentences.

 Turn to page page 98 of the Text Book.

 Copy the notes in your Language Book, under the heading of TYPES OF SENTENCES.
 Attempt the Activity I and Activity II on the following page.

SENTENCE STRUCTURES

COMPLEX AND COMPOUND SENTENCES.

ACTIVITY 1

Using your Target 7 Text Book, turn to page 75.

 Read the instructions, paying particular attention to the examples provided.

 Attempt the exercise. No. 1- 6.

ACTIVITY 2

Using your Target 7 Text Book, turn to page 93

 Read the instructions, paying particular attention to the examples provided.

 Attempt the exercise. No. 1- 5.

SELF ASSESSMENT
Question 2: LANGUAGE AND GRAMMAR (43 MARKS)

Agreement (5 marks)

Fill in the correct verb for each sentence given below.

1. Everybody ___________ asked to remain quiet. 2. Some members of the faulty ___________
present. 3. Either the cups or the glasses __________in the dishwasher. 4. Twenty minutes
__________ the amount of time it takes me to get home from work. 5. Neither the girl nor the boys
__________ going to the Principal’s office.

Parts of Speech (4 marks)

Identify the named part of speech in the sentences below.

1. There is a mouse underneath the piano. (preposition)

2. My family live in different parts of Fiji. (collective noun)

3. Jane is the woman who keeps giant lizards in the garden shed. (relative pronoun)

4. A portrait of the founder of the company hung on the wall. (verb)

Word Connotation (4 marks)

Say whether the underlined words imply approval or disapproval.

1. He can always be relied upon to find a solution to a problem. He is a resourceful person.

2. What a meticulous worker.

3. He could not complete the exercise he was given in class. He is easily distracted.

4. The stench from the blocked drain was overpowering.

Punctuation (2 marks)

Punctuate the following sentence. There are two punctuation marks missing in each sentence.

1. The formal essay should include the following an introduction the body and the conclusion.

2. Pita’s brother who is a soccer player represented his school.

Sentence Writing ( 4 marks)

Rewrite the sentences, following the instructions given.

1. Not many jobs are available in the Pacific for people who lack academic qualifications. As a
result, unemployment problems are severe. (Write into one sentence beginning: If…)

2. The patient replied that praying was his main weapon for healing. (Rewrite in direct speech)

3. It was raining heavily but the soccer match was not postponed.( begin : Inspite…….

4. I lost my watch . It was bought from Prouds.( Join it into a complex sentence)

Parts of speech

Identify the parts of speech written in bold print ( 8 marks)

1. A smart girl was dancing quickly _____________

2. You caught him by his arm ____________

3. A rich lady bought an expensive car _____________

4. Hurrah ! I have passed my exam

5. The cat is sitting under the sofa

6. When he was sitting on the grass the sake bit him _____________

7. I love reading ____________

8. The building is immensely huge ______________

Passive Voice

Change these sentences into passive voice. ( 5 marks)

1. The guests enjoyed the party.

2. The child impressed everyone with his polite manners.

3. A girl from Chennai won the first prize.

4. The readers like the latest book of the writer.

5. They are painting the walls.

. Confused Pairs ( 5 marks)
Choose the correct word from the pair given in the brackets to complete the sentences given
below.

1. She was ___________ (quiet / quite) surprised by her birthday present.

2. My friends have seen me ____________ (threw / through) some difficult times.

3. I’m not sure ________________ (weather / whether) it will rain this weekend or not.

4. We discussed the multiple literary _______________ (illusions/allusions) within the text.

5. The ___________________ given by the teacher was worth noting ( advice /advise)

C. Agreement ( 5 marks)

Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of verbs from the options given in the brackets.

1. One of my friends ____________ gone to Vanuatu. (has/ have)

2. Each of the boys ______________given a present. (was/ were)

3. Neither of the contestants __________________ able to win a decisive victory. (was/ were)

4. Either Janet or Tina _______________ responsible for this. (is/ are) 5. They _________ their
parents love and support ( need /needs)

D. Working with Words ( 1 mark)

Write the correct answer by following the instructions given after each sentence.

1. Provide a noun which uses the prefix: mal________________

E. PREFIXES (5 marks)
Write the necessary prefix to the given word to form the opposite word.
1. eligible _____________ 2. responsible __________________
3. legal _____________ 4. flexible __________________
5. mobile _____________ 6. soluble __________________
7. correct _____________ 8.refutable __________________
9. logical _____________ 10. essential __________________

COMPREHENSION (15 marks)

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Use your own
words as far as possible and write in complete sentences.

CHILD CONNUBIAL

Across the developing world, ten million girls are married off each year before the age of
eighteen, usually against their will. One in seven of those girls are younger than fifteen.
In some places this problem is well known; in India, the efforts of both international and
domestic rights groups have started conversations and enabled laws that try to curb this
longstanding disturbing practice. But elsewhere, the tradition of child marriage holds 5
firm. The challenges faced by a female child bride are profound: the dwindling of
opportunities for education, the loss of any hope for economic independence, the threat
of infant mortality—the total narrowing of the girl’s life. And while child marriage is
technically illegal in much of the world, laws in many jurisdictions are rarely enforced.
Years go by and more girls are added to the ranks of those who forfeit their futures to 10
live the life of a child bride.

The Ford Foundation released an interactive world map on child marriage that collates
and threads together the research of dozens of NGOs across the world. Their project
aims to make it easier for both people at home to better grasp the global challenge that
child marriage presents and for disparate advocacy groups to see themselves as part of 15
a larger movement. Although the final and long-lasting efforts must be made by national
governments themselves, the Ford Foundation feels there is also a place for international
groups to provide ties and support. “We believe very strongly that if you’re looking at long
term change, there is absolutely a role for outside partners who may bring in certain
expertise… [And] help connect groups to resources,” says Margaret Hempel, the director of 20
the organization’s Sexuality, and Reproductive Health and Rights program, “but in the
end the lasting solutions will come from the people who are most directly affected.”

The factors behind the prevalence of child marriage are not wholly surprising: poverty,
lack of alternative opportunities for young girls, the wretched state of women’s rights in
a country, social unrest, and economic uncertainty can all play a role. Local traditions 25
also contribute to a family’s decision to marry their daughters off at a young age. “Dowry
and marriage costs push poor families to marry a girl during other family’s celebrations
(to cut down on costs), and as soon as possible so that dowry does not increase,” Dora
Giusti, a child protection specialist with UNICEF India’s office in New Delhi, writes in an
email. If a girl marries at an early age, she often provides an easier life for her family 30
and, many times, more stability for herself by living in a home where she is not looked
upon as an unwelcome economic drain.

Most who work in the field agree that this issue goes significantly deeper than an
unenforced law. “Traditionally, girls are seen as ‘properties’ to be transferred from the
father’s to the groom’s household,” Giusti writes, “They play no role in the social security
35
of the family once the parents age and are simply seen as a burden.” In certain
societies across the developing world, a girl’s sexuality is seen as an acceptable topic of
local judgment. Unmarried women are a liability for family integrity and honor, making it
safest for the family and for the girl herself to be immune from such stigma by getting
married as close to puberty as possible. It’s a practice that only reinforces a woman’s
dependence on men for the rest of her life. 40
Hempel hopes that popularizing the wrongs of child marriage will not only help stop it,
but it will allow for more open conversations about the whole complex of issues facing
women in the developing world. “[Child marriage] is one of the most stark examples of
the devaluing of girls and of girls abilities beyond that of being wives and mothers,”
Hempel says. Other women’s rights issues — like reproductive rights, economic and
educational disparity, and HIV — play controversially in certain cultures, but child
marriage sparks worldwide cries of disapproval. Ultimately, it’s about kids. “Fathers 45
want to do right by their daughters, brothers want to do right by their sisters, mothers
want to do right by their children,” Hempel says.
In fact, UNICEF and ICRW have done research that shows families in India would be
much more willing to send their daughters to school far away if, and only if, other
parents they knew were doing this as well. That would remove the potential for outside
judgment and dishonour. The Ford Foundation hopes their research will encourage more 50
community leaders to get involved in the lives of these young girls, making it easier for
families to make difficult but progressive decisions. Most of all, the girls being affected
need to begin speaking openly about the issues, Hempel says. “Some of the most
effective [solutions] are finding ways for girls themselves to be able to talk about the
future that they want and be visible spokespeople for these changes in their own lives. 55

(Source: Time Magazine, 2015)

QUESTIONS

1. Explain what is meant by the phrase “the tradition of child marriage

holds firm” as stated in line 7. (2 marks)
2. State some challenges faced by a child bride. (2 marks)
3. What is aim of the Ford Foundation? (1 mark)
4. Give a possible explanation to situation underlined in paragraph 3, line 37. (1 m)
5. Identify two reasons why girls are seen as burden. (2 marks)
6. Why does Hempel emphases on advocating wrong of child marriage? (2 marks)
7. State the parallelisms of UNICEF and ICRW. (2 marks)
8. How can the community leaders make a difference in the lives of young girls? (1 m)
9. A list of vocabulary from the passage is provided with suggested definitions.
Choose the definition which best suits the word as used in the context of the
passage. Write the letter of the answer you choose.

(a.) dwindling (line 8) - increasing, opposing, diminishing, reclining

(b.) disparate (line 17) - different, complimentary, disperse, unity
(c.) prevalence (line 28) - overcome, rarity, commonness, examples
(d.) stark (line 51) - appreciate, reason, plain, solution (2 marks)
ESSAY WRITING
 EXPOSITORY ESSAY TOPICS.

Instructions: (1 essay per week)- Minimum of 5 essays.

You are encouraged to research on your particular topic before planning.

Write an expository essay of about 250 words on any one of the following topics.
Write a plan.

a. Learning about the effects of Climate Change is everyone’s responsibility.

b. Campaign on Anti- drugs should be encouraged in schools.
c. Performance in school is the responsibility of each student.
d. The value of money should be taught from a young age.
e. We must do our best to promote skills education.
f. The abuse of free education by some students.
g. Preventative measures from Co-vid 19 should be a global concern.
h. Sports of any kind should bring out the best from those who play that particular sport.
i. Agriculture and marine development are vital for rural dwellers in Fiji.
j. Good parenting results in a healthy and successful family.
k. Economic development comes at a cost to the natural environment.
l. Empowerment of women in the community should be encouraged.
m. Budgeting is important should be nurtured.
n. Internet: Scourge or Blessing?

Other Writing Styles – Picture Interpretation

Using any one of the writing style, select a photograph given below, and write about it.