ENGINE – 1HZ AND 1HD-T ENGINES 99

1HZ AND 1HD-T ENGINES

JDESCRIPTION
In the 1HZ engine, the injection nozzles have been changed and the shape of the combustion chamber has been
changed to reduce exhaust emissions and the rigidity of the cylinder block has been improved to reduce noise
and vibration. Similar to the 1HZ engine, the rigidity of the cylinder block of the 1HD-T engine has been im-
proved to reduce noise and vibration.
" 1HZ Engine (Manual Transmission Model) A

EG

147EG37

147EG38

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 100 ENGINE – 1HZ AND 1HD-T ENGINES

" 1HD-T Engine (Manual Transmission Model) A

147EG39

147EG40

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 ENGINE – 1HZ AND 1HD-T ENGINES 101

JENGINE SPECIFICATIONS AND PERFORMANCE CURVE (1HZ ENGINE)

1HZ Engine
New Previous
Item
No. of Cyls. & Arrangement 6-Cylinder, In-Line z
12-Valve, OHC,
Valve Mechanism z
Gear and Belt Drive
Combustion Chamber Swirl Type z
Manifolds Cross-Flow z
Displacement cm3 (cu. in.) 4164 (254.0) z
Bore x Stroke mm (in.) 94.0 x 100.0 (3.70 x 3.94) z
Compression Ratio 22.4 : 1 22.7 : 1
SAE-NET 96 kW @ 3800 rpm 96 kW @ 4000 rpm
Max Output
Max.
SAE-GROSS 100 kW @ 3800 rpm 100 kW @ 4000 rpm
SAE-NET 285 N.m @ 2200 rpm 280 N.m @ 2000 rpm EG
Max Torque
Max.
SAE-GROSS 290 N.m @ 2200 rpm 285 N.m @ 2000 rpm
Open 8_ BTDC z
Intake
Valve Close 36_ ABDC z
Timing Open 51_ BBDC z
Exhaust
Close 5_ ATDC z
Fuel Cetane Number 48 or higher z
Oil Grade API CF-4 API CD or Better

: New
: Previous kW
100
N.m
90
300
280
80
Torque

260
240
220 70
200
180 60
Output

50

40

30

20

10

0
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 rpm
Engine Speed 147EG29

The engine performance curve above is shown in SAE-NET figures.

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 102 ENGINE – 1HZ AND 1HD-T ENGINES

JENGINE SPECIFICATIONS AND PERFORMANCE CURVE (1HD-T ENGINE)

1HD-T Engine
New Previous
Item
No. of Cyls. & Arrangement 6-Cylinder, In-Line z
12-Valve, OHC,
Valve Mechanism z
Gear and Belt Drive
Combustion Chamber Direct Injection Type z
Manifolds Cross-Flow z
Displacement cm3 (cu. in.) 4164 (254.0) z
Bore x Stroke mm (in.) 94.0 x 100.0 (3.70 x 3.94) z
Compression Ratio 18.6 : 1 z
Max. Output SAE-NET 118 kW @ 3600 rpm z
Max. Torque SAE-NET 360 N.m @ 2100 rpm z
Open 8_ BTDC z
Intake
Valve Close 29_ ABDC z
Timing Open 51_ BBDC z
Exhaust
Close 5_ ATDC z
Fuel Cetane Number 48 or higher z
Oil Grade API CF-4 API CD or Better

: New
: Previous kW
120
N.m
110
380
100
340
Torque

300 90
260 80
220 70
Output

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 rpm
Engine Speed 147EG26

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 ENGINE – 1HZ AND 1HD-T ENGINES 103

JMAJOR DIFFERENCES
The following changes have been made to the 1HZ and 1HD-T engines.
D The changes described below are the same as those of the 1HD-FTE engine. For details, see the 1HD-FTE
engine section.

Item Details 1HZ 1HD-T

D The rigidity of the cylinder block has been improved
to reduce noise and vibration.
D The crankshaft has been made highly rigid to reduce
Engine Proper f f
noise and vibration.
D The crankshaft bearings have been machine-bored to
improve their reliability.
D An aluminum radiator core is used for weight
reduction.
Cooling System D A step-up linear type temperature controlled fluid f f
coupling has been adopted to improve cooling EG
performance.
D A high-performance oil filter element has been
adopted to improve the cleanliness of the engine oil.
f f
D A drip pan is provided on the oil cooler cover to
Lubrication System improve serviceability.
The oil capacity of the engine has been increased to
– f
improve its reliability.
D A ball joint has been adopted in the front exhaust pipe
Intake and to reduce noise and vibration.
– f
Exhaust System D A clamp type joint is used to join the center pipe and
tail pipe to realize weight reduction.

D In addition to those listed above, the following changes have been made to the 1HZ and 1HD-T engines.

Item Detail 1HZ 1HD-T

D The shape of the combustion chamber of the cylinder
head and the piston has been optimized to reduce
Engine Proper exhaust emissions. f –
D The inertial weight of the flywheel has been increased
to reduce the fluctuations in engine speed.
D A hydraulic type auto tensioner has been adopted to
achieve proper timing belt tension.
Valve Mechanism f f
D The shape of the timing gear cover has been changed
for quieter operation.
D The orifice of the injection nozzle has been increased
f –
to optimize the injection rate.
Fuel System D The injection pump is provided with FCVC (Fuel Cut
Valve Control) in conjunction with the adoption of the f f
engine immobiliser system.
D New glow plugs made of metal have been adopted and
Glow System the glow plug resistor and sub-relay have been f f
discontinued.

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 104 ENGINE – 1HZ AND 1HD-T ENGINES

JENGINE PROPER (1HZ ENGINE)

1. Cylinder Head
The shape of the combustion chamber has been optimized to reduce exhaust emissions.

Glow Plug

Injection
Nozzle

Combustion
Chamber

147EG116
New Previous

2. Piston
D The piston is made of aluminum alloy that offers high temperature strength. The top ring groove has been
treated with MMC (Metal Matrix Composites) to improve its wear resistance.
D The shape of the piston skirt has been optimized to improve its rigidity. Accordingly, the steel strut has
been discontinued.
D The shape of the combustion chamber at the top of the piston has been changed. Along with the change
in the shape of the combustion chamber in the cylinder head, improved combustion efficiency has been
realized.

Previous New
MMC
FRM

Steel Strut

Previous New Top of Piston

147EG118

– REFERENCE –
MMC (Metal Matrix Composites)
It is a type of composite material that is made of a metal matrix for the purpose of obtaining characteristics
such as high strength, high elasticity, and low thermal expansion. Because of its excellent heat transmission
performance, this material helps to dissipate the piston’s heat through the piston ring to the cylinder block.

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 ENGINE – 1HZ AND 1HD-T ENGINES 105

JVALVE MECHANISM

1. General
D The auto tensioner has been changed from the wear reducing type to the hydraulic type. As a result, proper
timing belt tension has been realized.
D For the timing belt cover gasket, a cover with integrated foam rubber has been adopted for improved ser-
viceability.
D The timing belt cover installation portion has adopted a floating construction to reduce noise.

Clamp
Bolt

EG
Idler Pulley Automatic
Tensioner

Automatic Tensioner Spring

New Previous 147EG121

Oil Seal

Timing
Belt Cover Bolt

Push Rod
Seal Washer

Gasket
Check Ball

Timing Belt Cover Installation Portion Hydraulic Automatic Tensioner

147EG122 147EG123

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 106 ENGINE – 1HZ AND 1HD-T ENGINES

2. Timing Gear Cover

The shape of the bottom of the timing gear cover has been changed to reduce the amount of sound that is
radiated towards the bottom of the engine.

Crankshaft Pulley
: Changed
Portion

New Previous 147EG124

JFUEL SYSTEM

1. Injection Nozzle (1HZ Engine)

The injection nozzle’s orifice has been changed in shape and enlarged to optimize the injection efficiency.

Nozzle Orifice

1.2 mm 1.0 mm

New Previous
147EG119

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 106 ENGINE – 1HZ AND 1HD-T ENGINES

2. Timing Gear Cover

The shape of the bottom of the timing gear cover has been changed to reduce the amount of sound that is
radiated towards the bottom of the engine.

Crankshaft Pulley
: Changed
Portion

New Previous 147EG124

JFUEL SYSTEM

1. Injection Nozzle (1HZ Engine)

The injection nozzle’s orifice has been changed in shape and enlarged to optimize the injection efficiency.

Nozzle Orifice

1.2 mm 1.0 mm

New Previous
147EG119

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 ENGINE – 1HZ AND 1HD-T ENGINES 107

2. Injection Pump
D Along with the changes made to the shape of its combustion chamber, the 1HZ engine has realized optimal
injection volume, injection characteristics, and injection timing.
D The injection pump is provided with FCVC (Fuel Cut Valve Control) in conjunction with the adoption of
the engine immobiliser system. Upon receiving communication from the transponder key computer, the
FCVC turns OFF the fuel cut valve to prohibit the engine from starting if an invalid ignition key is used
in an attempt to start the engine.
D A tampering-proof cap is placed over the full-load setting screw on the models for the General Countries.

Cap
Ignition FCVC
FCVC Switch

Transponder
Key Amplifier
EG
Battery Fuel
Cut
Valve

147EG125 147EG120

JGLOW SYSTEM

1. Glow Plug
D New glow plugs made of metal have been
adopted. Using an optimal control coil material Thermal coil
and providing a temperature control function in
the glow plug itself, the system has been
simplified by discontinuing the glow plug
resister and sub-relay.
Control Coil

147EG127

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