2.

0 Methodology
In the study, the researchers used an experimental type of quantitative research.
This research design was used in order to quantify the problem by ways of transforming
numerical data into reliable statistics. Formulated statistical facts that supported the
measurable data were done by assessing the features and determining the issues and
drawbacks of the common bicycle tires which proved the objectives of the study.
In order to gather the information needed to support the study, professional and
amateur cyclists from Batangas city were chosen to participate. A convenience sampling
was done to minimize the range of the extensive data gathering. The primary tool used
for collecting the data was a self-made survey which was divided into two categories.
The survey questionnaire is composed of choices wherein the Features of Common
Bicycle Tires (I) and the Disadvantages of Common Bicycle Tires (II) will be assessed
and evaluated. The checklist was constructed by the research team with a technical
expert’s assistance. Afterwards it was then validated by a professional of the specific
field and the research adviser.
Upon the collection of the sufficient information gathered from the checklist, the
data that was accumulated was recorded, tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted through
statistical methods. Weighted mean were used to audit the quantitative analysis.

3.0 Results and Discussion

The respondents agreed that the features of common bicycle tires are
made of rubber (3.53, highly agree) since the breakthrough of tires, rubber has
been the most common material for travelling. Tires are a sophisticated mix of
materials, including high-tech fabrics that are made of natural and synthetic
rubbers (Deaton, 2017). The typical bicycle tire requires air pumps to
pressurize (3.53, highly agree) due to the fact it provides a flexible cover with
an impermeable lining to contain and restrain the compressed air (Lotha, 2013).
They are air pressured (3.50, highly agree), a pneumatic tire requires
pressurized air to function and inflate, according to Bellis, air-filled tires are
made of an airtight inner core filled with pressurized air. The results also
showed that common bicycle tires are made up of soft rubber (3.53, 18 highly
agree) because it has to be flexible enough to absorb the shock from the track,
since natural rubber is found as a milky liquid in the bark of the rubber tree
(Kovak, 1978), noise-resistant (2.67, agree) as for the reason that it is made up
of soft material that adapts to the road. The main ability of the tire is to absorb
the shock loads from impacts and cushion the load (Caster Concepts). Bicycle
tires are considered to be efficient (2.73, agree) to use and beneficial to the
environment because it does not use fuel and does not contribute to pollution, at
the same time human energy is more efficient than mechanical energy (Stetler
2010).
 The data collected from the research shows that common bicycle tires have a
chance to explode when there are too much air and pressure (3.33, agree) which could
cause injuries and casualties (Grabianowski, 2017). They also require high maintenance
during long trips (3.37, agree) owing to the fact that it is time-consuming and would
cause a lot of money to maintain, tires and tubes can cost about $50 to $65 per tire (John,
2013). They can be misaligned due to harsh rides (3.00 agree); once it gets misaligned it
will cause unstable movements that may lead to accidents. Misaligned tires make the
vehicle harder to steer and control, which can lead to accidents. Alignment makes the
vehicle much safer to drive (Today’s Collision). An air-filled tire requires more
maintenance of having to monitor air pressure because the wheels are easy to puncture
(Caster Concepts). The data also shows that the bicycle tire’s valve gets dysfunctional
after multiple pumps (2.50 agree); it is a drawback because, at any time that the valve
breaks, the tire will be useless and will require the owner to buy a new one. Since the
valve release is exposed, it's easier to knock it as you remove the pump head, releasing
pressure from the tube. Presta valve stems are also slightly more fragile than Schrader
stems (Bike Tires Direct). The tires are difficult to inflate (2.53, agree) because different
valves require specific pumps and the pressure must be regularly checked and
maintained, there are two types of valves: Presta and Schrader, which has different pins
20 (Bike tires Direct). Interiors are difficult to remove and replace (2.60, agree) because
of the exterior that protects it from punctures.

4.0 Conclusions and Direction for Future Use

The following conclusions were derived from the result of the study:

The respondents of the study were the professional and amateur cyclists of Batangas
city that have bicycles and use regular bicycle tires. The respondents agreed that the
features of common bicycle tires are: made up of rubber (3.53, highly agree) since the
breakthrough of tires, rubber has been the most compatible material for travelling. Tires
are a sophisticated mix of materials, including high-tech fabrics, natural and synthetic
rubbers.

The respondents agreed that common bicycle tires are vulnerable to tire explosions when
there is too much air pressure. It is a liability because once the tire explodes it could
cause injuries and casualties; too much tire pressure makes tire more vulnerable to
damage (Grabianowski, 2017).

Tires are high maintenance during long trips (3.37, agree) owning to the fact that it is
time consuming and would cause a lot of money to maintain. There are some instances
that tires can be misaligned due to harsh rides (3.00 agree), once it gets misaligned it will
cause unsteady movements that may lead to casualties and accidents. Misaligned tires
make the vehicle harder to steer and control, which can lead to accidents. Alignment
makes the vehicle much safer to drive (Today’s Collision). An air filled tire requires
more maintenance of having to monitor air pressure because the wheels are easy to
puncture (Caster Concepts).
 Given the aforesaid findings, the research advance the following recommendations:

The use of stronger material is recommended to provide a more durable tire,

tightening of components must be applied and overall concept must be improved to
reduce the noise. The replacement of material can lead to the downscale of casualties and
accidents and for the safeness of all bikers or cyclist.

The valves must be accessible and durable at the same time, interiors must be easy to
replace and remove. Since the valves are fragile, it needs to be developed to improve the
cyclist’s experience when he/she countenance flat tires.

Further development of this research is recommended to improve the overall

concept.