I S B N 9 7 8 -0 -6 2 6 -2 7 5 3 8 -9

SANS 1 0208-3:201 2
E d i ti on 3

SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

Design of structures for the mining industry

Part 3: Conveyances

Published by SABS Standards Division

?
1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X1 91 Pretoria 0001
Tel: +27 1 2 428 791 1 Fax: +27 1 2 344 1 568
www.sabs.co.za
© SABS
SANS 1 0208-3:201 2
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Table of changes
Change No. Date Scope

Acknowledgement
Th e S AB S S ta n d a rd s D i vi s i on wi s h e s to a ckn owl e d g e th e va l u a b l e a s s i s ta n ce p rovi d e d by th e

S ou th e rn Afri ca n I n s ti tu te of S tee l C on s tru cti on (S AI S C ).

Foreword
Mining equipment –
Mining structures
Th i s S ou th Afri can sta n d a rd wa s a p p rove d b y N a ti on a l C om m i tte e S AB S S C 8 2 E ,

, i n a ccord a n ce wi th p roce d u re s of th e S AB S S ta n d a rd s D i vi si on , i n com pl i a n ce wi th

a n n e x 3 of th e WTO /TB T a g re e m en t.

Th i s d ocu m e n t was p u b l i s h e d i n August 201 2.

Th i s d ocu m e n t su p e rs ed e s S AN S 1 0 2 0 8 -3 : 2 0 0 1 (e d i ti on 2 ).

Re fe re n ce is m ad e in th e n ote to 1 . 2, 1 0. 1 . 3 an d 1 0. 1 . 4 to th e " re l e va n t n a ti on a l l e g i s l a ti on " . In

S ou th Afri ca th i s m e a n s th e M i n e H e a l th a n d S a fe ty Act, 1 9 9 6 (Act N o. 2 9 of 1 9 9 6 ).

Design of structures for the mining

industry:
S AN S 1 0 2 0 8 con si s ts of th e fol l owi n g p a rts, u n d er th e g e n e ra l ti tl e

Part 1: Headgear structures.

Part 2: Sinking stages.
Part 3: Conveyances.
Part 4: Shaft system structures .

An n e x A form s a n i n te g ra l p a rt of th i s d ocu m e n t.
 SANS 1 0208-3:201 2
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Contents
Page
Acknowledgement
Foreword
1 Scope .................................................................................................................................... 3
2 Normative references ............................................................................................................. 3
3 Definitions and symbols ......................................................................................................... 5
4 Materials ................................................................................................................................ 1 0
5 Nominal operating loads ........................................................................................................ 1 0
6 General operating loads ......................................................................................................... 10
6.1 Permanent loads .......................................................................................................... 10
6.2 Vertical imposed loads due to holding devices ............................................................ 11
6.3 Lateral imposed loads (H) ............................................................................................ 11
6.4 Winder system loads .................................................................................................... 13
6.5 Roof loads .................................................................................................................... 14
7 Personnel winding loads ........................................................................................................ 14
7.1 Standing personnel load (P) ......................................................................................... 14
7.2 Seated personnel load (P) ............................................................................................ 14
7.3 Loading of cages .......................................................................................................... 14
7.4 Loading of incline cages (P) ......................................................................................... 14
8 Material and equipment winding loads ................................................................................... 1 4
8.1 Floor loads .................................................................................................................... 1 4
8.2 Underslung or trailing loads (U) .................................................................................... 1 7
9 Rock winding loads ................................................................................................................ 1 7
9.1 Skip loads ..................................................................................................................... 1 7
9.2 Kibble loads .................................................................................................................. 22
1 0 Emergency loads ................................................................................................................... 23
1 0.1 Rope emergency loads (Er) .......................................................................................... 23
1 0.2 Emergency dropback loads (Ej ) ................................................................................... 24
1 0.3 Roof impact loads ......................................................................................................... 24
1 0.4 Skip loads ..................................................................................................................... 24
1 0.5 Stopping device loads .................................................................................................. 26
1 0.6 Application of emergency loads ................................................................................... 26
1 1 Loading factors and load combinations .................................................................................. 26
1 1 .1 General ......................................................................................................................... 26
1 1 .2 Operating conditions .................................................................................................... 26
1 1 .2.1 Partial loads factors ............................................................................................ 26
1 1 .2.2 Loads combinations ........................................................................................... 27
1 1 .2.3 Fatigue design loads .......................................................................................... 27
1 1 .3 Emergency conditions .................................................................................................. 27
1 1 .4 Conveyance installation ............................................................................................... 27

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Contents (concluded)
Page
1 2 Design procedures ................................................................................................................. 28
1 2.1 Design loads ................................................................................................................. 28
1 2.2 Design codes ................................................................................................................ 28
1 2.3 Design for emergency loads ......................................................................................... 28
1 2.3.1 Steel components .............................................................................................. 28
1 2.3.2 Aluminium components ...................................................................................... 28
1 2.3.3 Special considerations ....................................................................................... 29
1 2.4 Fatigue ......................................................................................................................... 29
Annex A (normative) Shaft zone classification ....................................................................... 30
Bibliography ............................................................................................................................ 31

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Design of structures for the mining industry

Part 3:
C on ve ya n ce s

1 Scope
1 .1 Th i s p a rt of S AN S 1 0 2 0 8 d e fi n es th e l oa d s an d l oad com bi n ati on s to be ad opted an d speci fi es th e

d es i g n p roce d u re s to be u se d for th e d e s i g n of th e ste e l an d al u m i n i u m a l l oy stru ctu ra l m em b e rs of

con veyan ces u sed for th e tran sport of m en , m ateri al s, eq u i pm en t an d rock i n verti cal an d i n cl i n ed sh afts.

N O TE C on veyan ces i n cl u d e m an or m ateri al cag es (or both ), ski ps, ki bbl es, eq u i ppi n g skel eton cag es, i n specti on

ca g e s , b ri d l e s , cros sh ea d s a n d cou n te rwei g h ts .

1 .2 Th i s p a rt of S AN S 1 0 2 0 8 is n ot i n te n d e d to be u se d for th e d esi g n of rop e s, s h e a ves or

a tta ch m en ts .

N O TE Th e d e s i g n of rop e s , i . e . si ze s , i s cove re d i n th e re l eva n t n a ti on a l l e g i s l a ti on (s e e fore word ).

1 .3 Th i s p a rt of S AN S 1 0 2 0 8 d oe s n ot cove r ch a i rl i fts .

N O TE Th e re q u i re m e n ts for ch a i rl i fts a re g i ve n i n S AN S 2 7 3 .

1 .4 E xce p ti on s to th e p rovi s i on s of th i s p a rt of S AN S 1 0 2 0 8 a re p e rm i tte d on l y i f th e re q u i re d s a fety

m arg i n s a re prove d b y a cce p ta bl e a n al yti ca l or e xp eri m en ta l proce d u re s .

2 Normative references
Th e fol l owi n g re fe re n ce d d ocu m e n ts a re i n d i s p en s a b l e for th e a p p l i ca ti on of th i s d ocu m e n t. F or d ate d

re fe ren ce s , on l y th e e d i ti on ci te d a p pl i e s. F or u n d a te d re fe re n ce s, th e l a te s t e d i ti on of th e refe re n ce d

d ocu m e n t (i n cl u d i n g a n y a m e n d m e n ts ) ap p l i e s . I n form a ti on on cu rren tl y val i d n ati on al an d i n tern ati on al

s ta n d a rd s ca n b e ob tai n e d from th e S AB S S ta n d a rd s D i vi si on .

Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Sheet, strip and plate – Part 1: Technical conditions for
inspection and delivery
E N 4 8 5 -1 ,

Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Sheet, strip and plate – Part 2: Mechanical properties
E N 4 8 5 -2 , .

Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Sheet, strip and plate – Part 3: Tolerances on dimensions
and form for hot-rolled products
E N 4 8 5 -3 ,

Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Sheet, strip and plate – Part 4: Tolerances on shape and
dimensions for cold-rolled products
E N 4 8 5 -4 ,

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EN 51 5, Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Wrought products – Temper designations.

EN 573-3, Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Chemical composition and form of wrought products –
Part 3: Chemical composition and form of products.
EN 755-1 , Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles – Part 1: Technical
conditions for inspection and delivery.
EN 755-2, Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles – Part 2: Mechanical
properties.
EN 755-3, Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles – Part 3: Round bars,
tolerances on dimensions and form.
EN 755-4, Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles – Part 4: Square bars,
tolerances on dimensions and form.
EN 755-5, Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles – Part 5: Rectangular
bars, tolerances on dimensions and form.
EN 755-7, Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles – Part 7: Seamless
tubes, tolerances on dimensions and form.
EN 1 999-1 -1 , Eurocode 9 – Part 1: Design of aluminium structures – Part 1: General structural rules.
EN 1 999-1 -3, Eurocode 9 – Part 1: Design of aluminium structures – Part 3: Structures susceptible to
fatigue.
EN 1 999-1 -4, Eurocode 9 – Par 1: Design of aluminium structures – Part 4: Cold-formed structural
sheeting.
EN 1 0025-1 , Hot rolled products of structural steels – Part 1: General technical delivery conditions.
EN 1 0025-2, Hot rolled products of structural steels – Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy
structural steels.
EN 1 2020-1 , Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Extruded precision profiles in alloys EN AW-6060 and
EN AW-6063 – Part 1: Technical conditions for inspection and delivery.
EN 1 2020-2, Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Extruded precision profiles in alloys EN AW-6060 and
EN AW-6063 – Part 2: Tolerances on dimensions and form.
SANS 1 001 2, The use of light metals in hazardous locations at mines.
SANS 1 01 60-1 , Basis of structural design and actions for buildings and industrial structures – Part 1:
Basis of structural design.
SANS 1 01 60-2 , Basis of structural design and actions for buildings and industrial structures – Part 2:
Self-weight and imposed loads.
SANS 1 01 60-3 , Basis of structural design and actions for buildings and industrial structures – Part 3:
Wind actions.
SANS 1 01 62-1 , The structural use of steel – Part 1: Limit-states design of hot-rolled steelwork.
SANS 1 01 62-2, The structural use of steel – Part 2: Cold-formed steel structures.

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SANS 1 0208-1 , Design of structures for the mining industry – Part 1 : Headgear structures.
SANS 1 0208-4, Design of structures for the mining industry – Part 4: Shaft system structures.

3 Definitions and symbols

For the purposes of this document, the following definitions and symbols apply.

3.1 Definitions
3.1 .1
acceptable
acceptable to the authority administering this standard, or to the parties concluding the purchase
contract, as relevant
3.1 .2
bottom transom
structural member located at the bottom of the bridle and that is used to transfer underslung loads or tail-
rope loads to the bridle hangers
3.1 .3
bridle hanger
structural member that transfers loads between the top and bottom transoms
3.1 .4
bunton
structural member that primarily provides support to the conveyance guides
3.1 .5
cage
single or multiple deck conveyance that is used for the transportation of personnel or material (or both)
in the shaft
3.1 .6
conveyance
equipping skeleton, inspection basket, job's bridle, kibble, man or material cage (or both), skip, sinking
crosshead, or universal crosshead
3.1 .7
counterweight
balance mass in a single conveyance winding system
3.1 .8
critical load bearing component
structural components, failure of which would be catastrophic, including all top and bottom transoms,
bridle hangers, floor beams and their immediate connecting elements
3.1 .9
equipping skeleton
conveyance that is used for the equipping and maintenance of a shaft
3.1 .1 0
guide shoe
housing for slipper plates or rubbing blocks, which prevents the conveyance from disengaging from the
guides

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3.1 .1 1
holding device
device that can be conveyance-mounted or station-mounted, and that is used to hold the conveyance in
position during loading and unloading
3.1 .1 2
inspection basket
conveyance that may be slung underneath or mounted on top of the main conveyance, and that is used
for the inspection of, and minor repairs to, shaft equipment
3.1 .1 3
jack catch device
component that, during fall-back after an overwind, engages on jack catches installed in the headgear
3.1 .1 4
jack catch device support
conveyance element to which a jack catch device is attached
3.1 .1 5
job's bridle
structural frame that comprises top and bottom transoms and bridle hangers, and in which either a skip
or a cage is accommodated
3.1 .1 6
kibble
large cylindrical bucket supported by detachable chains, and that serves as the main means of
conveying personnel, equipment, material, rock and water during the sinking of a shaft
3.1 .1 7
moving beam misalignment of the guide
lateral displacement of a guide at a bunton, measured from a straight line that connects the guide
position at the bunton above the one in question to the guide position at the bunton below the one in
question
3.1 .1 8
rope attachments
elements that transfer loads between the transoms and the rope including, where appropriate, thimble,
detaching hook, draw bar, dead eyes and compensating sheaves
3.1 .1 9
rubbing block
wearing material located at the rope guide contact area, and that is used to protect the guide shoe and
guide rope
3.1 .20
skip
conveyance that is used for the transporting of rock within a shaft
NOTE 1 The skip is usually supported in a bridle and is capable of discharging, either from the top, side or bottom,
into a chute or bin in the headgear.
NOTE 2 The skip used in decline shafts is sometimes referred to as a hopper.

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3.1 .21
slipper plate
wearing plate that is attached to the guide shoe and is located between the guide shoe and guide
3.1 .22
tail rope
rope or chain system that is attached to the bottom transom and that forms part of the balancing load in
a friction winding system
3.1 .23
top transom
structural member that is located at the top of the bridle and that is used to transfer loads from the bridle
hangers to the rope attachments
NOTE The top transom is sometimes referred to as a crosshead.
3.1 .24
trailing load
load attached below a conveyance in an inclined shaft or winze where the load carrier is in contact with
the shaft rails or guides, usually on wheels
3.1 .25
underslung load
load suspended under gravity from the underside of a conveyance in a shaft where no part of the load
touches any part of the shaft structure (i.e. the load is free hanging)
3.1 .26
universal crosshead
structural frame that is used to transfer the loads from a sub-bridle to the winding rope
3.2 Symbols
Ao operating winder system acceleration/deceleration load (N)
At trip-out winder deceleration load (N)
ao operating winder system peak acceleration/deceleration (m/s 2)
at trip-out winder system peak deceleration (m/s2)
C impact load during loading of the conveyance (N)
Ch horizontal impact load from rolling stock (N)
Cv vertical impact load from rolling stock (N)
Cy conveyed load (P, Σ M, U or R, as appropriate) (N)
di deformation of the skip door (m)
Ej emergency dropback load (N)
Er rope emergency load (N)
e maximum moving beam misalignment of the guide (m); lateral flare dimension (see figure 1 )

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F design load or load effect (N, Nm)

Fv friction induced vertical load (N)
G permanent load or load effect (N, Nm)
Gc conveyance self-weight load (N)
g acceleration due to gravity (= 9,8 m/s 2)
H lateral imposed load (N)
Hr rubbing block load (N)
Hs lateral slipper plate load (N)
hd length through which the rock falls (m)
hh height to which the skip is filled above the lowest point of the skip door (m)
K station-mounted holding device engagement load (N)
Kc conveyance-mounted holding device load (N)
kg lateral stiffness of the steelwork at the guide mid-span or at the end of the flare (N/m)
ks buffer spring stiffness (N/m)
L guide span, bunton to bunton, or the length of the flare (m)
Lg distance between the pivot and the centre of gravity of the skip (m)
LT length of the crawler track (m)
Lr distance between the pivot and the return-stop (or the tipping roller) (m)
M load from each item of rolling stock or equipment (N)
M1 heavier axle load (N)
mc conveyance mass (kg)
mr mass of largest rock that will be loaded into the skip (kg)
P load from personnel (N)
po to p3 skip pressures (N/m 2)
Q1 dominant imposed load or load effect (N, Nm)
Q2 to Qn additional independent imposed loads or load effects (N, Nm)
Qe emergency load or load effect (N, Nm)
R static rock or sludge load (N)

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Rd bridle/transom load during filling (N)

Rf friction load on the skip door (N)
Ri single rock impact vertical load on the skip door (N)
Rk single rock impact horizontal load on the skip sides (N)
Rs load on skip return-stops (N)
Rt load on tipping rollers (N)
Rtv vertical component of the load on tipping rollers (N)
T load due to the tail rope (N)
U load due to underslung equipment (N)
z maximum depth of rock or sludge contained in the conveyance (m)
Zi impact energy of the falling rock (J)
αd dynamic impact factor
αh horizontal load impact factor
αk holding device impact factor
αp rock impact factor
αr shaft condition factor
αt tipping impact factor
αv vertical load impact factor
β rope safety factor
γe partial load factor for emergency loads
γfi partial load factor for imposed loads
γgi partial load factor for permanent loads
μ friction factor between the skip payload and the door
ρ bulk density of rock (kg/m 3)
ψ load combination factor
Φ resistance factor
Φb resistance factor for bolted connections

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4 Materials
4.1 Steel
U n l e s s oth e rwi s e s p e ci fi e d by th e cl i e n t, th e m a te ri a l s u s e d for stru ctu ra l ste e l m e m b e rs s h al l com p l y

wi th th e re q u i re m en ts of E N 1 0 0 2 5 -1 a n d E N 1 0 0 2 5 -2 .

B ri d l e s , tra n s om m em b e rs a n d j ack ca tch d e vi ce s a n d th e i r s u p p orts , u n l e s s oth e rwi se s p e ci fi e d , s h a l l

h ave a m i n i m u m C h a rp y V-n otch i m p a ct va l u e of 2 7 J a t 0 ° C.

4.2 Aluminium alloys

U n l e s s oth erwi s e s p eci fi ed b y th e cl i e n t, th e m a te ri a l s u s e d for a l u m i n i u m a l l oy m e m b e rs sh a l l com p l y

wi th

a) for e xtru s i on s : th e re q u i re m e n ts of E N 5 1 5 , EN 5 7 3 -3 , EN 7 5 5 -1 , EN 7 5 5 -2 , E N 7 5 5 -3 , EN 7 5 5 -4 ,

E N 7 5 5 -5 , E N 7 5 5 -7 , or E N 1 2 0 2 0 -1 a n d E N 1 2 0 2 0 -2 , or e q u i va l e n t,

b) for rol l e d p rod u cts : th e re q u i re m e n ts of E N 4 8 5 -1 , E N 4 8 5 -2 , E N 4 8 5-3 or E N 4 8 5-4 or S AN S 1 0 0 1 2 ,

or e q u i va l e n t.

I n a d d i ti on , i t i s recom m e n d ed th a t e xtru s i on s a n d ro l l e d p rod u cts u s e d for th e fabri cati on of bri d l e s an d

tra n s om m e m b e rs b e i n d i vi d u a l l y i d e n ti fi e d a n d b e th e s u b j e ct of q u a l i ty s ys te m s .

5 Nominal operating loads

Th e n om i n a l op e rati n g l oa d s s h a l l b e a s g i ve n i n cl a u s es 6 to 9 . Th e n om i n al em e rg e n cy l oa d sh a l l b e

a s g i ve n i n cl a u se 1 0 .

6 General operating loads

6.1 Permanent loads
P e rm a n e n t l oa d s s h a l l b e a s d e fi n e d i n S AN S 1 0 1 6 0 -1 , S AN S 1 0 1 6 0 -2 a n d S AN S 1 0 1 6 0 -3 .

Th e p e rm a n e n t l oa d , G c
, sh al l be take n as th e tota l s e l f-we i g h t of th e con ve ya n ce s tru ctu re an d al l

p e rm a n e n t fi tti n g s , e xcl u d i n g rop e a tta ch m e n ts. C a l cu l a te th e p e rm a n e n t l oa d u si n g th e fol l owi n g

e q u ati on :

G c
= gm c

wh e re

G c
i s th e p e rm a n e n t l oa d , i n n ewton s (N );

g i s th e a ccel e rati on d u e to g ra vi ty (= 9 , 8 m /s
2
);

m c
is th e con ve ya n ce m ass i n cl u d i n g al l pe rm a n e n t fi tti n g s , e xcl u d i n g rop e a ttach m e n ts, in

ki l og ram s (kg ).

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6.2 Vertical imposed loads due to holding devices

6.2.1 Holding device engagement load (K)
Th e h ol d i n g d e vi ce e n g ag e m e n t l oad , K , s h a l l b e ca l cu l ate d u s i n g th e fol l owi n g e q u a ti on :

K = α
k
( G C T
c
+ y
+ )

wh e re

K i s th e h ol d i n g d e vi ce e n g ag e m e n t l oa d , i n n e wton s (N );

α k
sh a l l b e ta ken a s 1 , 5 i n th e a bs e n ce of b e tte r i n form a ti on , an d p rovi d e d th e con ve yan ce i s

n ot trave l l i n g a t m ore th a n cre e p sp e e d (0 , 5 m /s ) wh e n th e d e vi ce s a re e n g ag e d ;

C y
eq u al s P ΣM R
, or , a s a p p ropri a te , i n n e wton s (N );

T i s th e l oad d u e to th e ta i l rope or rop e s , i n n e wton s (N ).

N O TE S om e d e vi ce s a re on l y a p pl i e d a fte r th e con ve ya n ce h as s top p e d com pl e tel y. In th i s ca s e th e l oa d

sp e ci fi e d h ere d oe s n ot ap p l y.

6.2.2 Holding devices security load (Kc)

6.2.2.1 Th e h ol d i n g d e vi ce se cu ri ty l oa d , Kc
, s h a l l be ca l cu l a te d u si n g th e fol l owi n g e q u a ti on :

K c
= αC k y

wh e re

K c
i s th e h ol d i n g d e vi ce s e cu ri ty l oa d , i n n e wton s (N );

α k
sh a l l b e ta ken a s (i n th e a b s e n ce of b e tte r i n form ati on ):

1 , 0 for p e rson n e l l oa d i n g ;

2 , 0 for m a te ri a l s l oa d i n g ;

1 , 5 for rock l oa d i n g ;

C y
eq u al s P ΣM R
, or , a s a p p ropri a te , i n n e wton s (N );

6.2.2.2 Th e l oa d s ap pl i e d b y th e u se of a n y oth e r h ol d i n g d evi ces sh al l be assessed on a rati on al basi s.

6.3 Lateral imposed loads (H)

6.3.1 Fixed guide systems in vertical shafts
Th e l a tera l l oa d s i m pos e d on con ve yan ce s ru n n i n g on fi xed g u i d e s yste m s i n ve rti ca l sh a fts s h a l l b e

take n a s e q u a l to th e l a te ra l l oa d s i m p ose d on s h a ft s te e l work, a s d e fi n e d i n S AN S 1 0 2 0 8 -4 .

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6.3.2 Rope guide systems

6.3.2.1 Only one of the loads given in 6.3.2.1 to 6.3.2.3 shall be engaged at any one time.
Whilst running in rope guides, the rubbing block load, Hr shall, in the absence of better information, be
taken as
Hr = 0,01 (Gc + Cy)

This load may be distributed amongst all the rubbing blocks.

6.3.2.2 While entering the fixed flare guides or spear guides near stations, the slipper plate load, Hs,
shall be calculated in accordance with SANS 1 0208-4, for fixed guide systems, but with the following
modifications:
L is the length of the flare (see figure 1 ), in metres (m);
e is the lateral flare guide or spear guide dimension (see figure 1 ), unless a rational analysis
shows otherwise, in metres (m);
kg is the steelwork stiffness at the end of the flare, in newton metres (N/m).
6.3.2.3 While running in fixed guides at stations, the slipper plate load, Hs, shall be as defined in
SANS 1 0208-4, for fixed guide systems.
6.3.3 Decline shaft conveyance wheel loads
The loads imposed on conveyances in the direction normal to the rail and transverse to the rail in decline
shafts shall be taken as equal to the loads imposed on shaft rails in decline shafts, as defined in
SANS 1 0208-4.

Figure 1 — Typical flare guide or spear guide arrangement

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6.4 Winder system loads

6.4.1 Acceleration/deceleration load (A o)
The load A o, due to the operating acceleration or deceleration of the winder system, shall be taken as

Ao = α dgao (Gc + C y + T )
where
Ao is the load, in newtons (N);
αd is the dynamic impact factor, and shall be taken as 2,0, in the absence of better information;
ao is the operating winder system peak acceleration /deceleration, in metres per second squared
(m/s 2);
g is the acceleration due to gravity (= 9,8 m/s 2 );
Gc is the conveyance self-weight load, in newtons (N);
Cy is P, Σ M, U or R, as appropriate, in newtons (N);
T is the load due to the tail rope, in newtons (N).

6.4.2 Trip-out load (A t)

The load, A t, due to deceleration of the winder system during a trip-out shall be taken as

At = α dga t (Gc + C y + T )
where
at is the trip-out winder system peak deceleration, in metres per second squared (m/s2).
6.4.3 Tail-rope load (T)
For friction winder systems, the load, T (due to the tail ropes), shall be determined from the winder
system design requirements. Both maximum and minimum tail-rope loads shall be considered.
6.4.4 Vertical friction load (Fv)
The vertical load, Fv, induced by friction during slipper plate contact on each guide, shall be taken as
Fv = 0,5 Hs
where
Hs is the lateral slipper plate load, in newtons (N).

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6.5 Roof loads

Th e roof of ca g es s h a l l b e s u b j e cte d to on e of th e fol l owi n g :

2
a) cag es i n ve rti ca l sh a fts wi th a u n i fo rm l y d i s tri b u te d ve rti ca l l oa d of 3 0 0 0 N /m ; or

2
b) ca g e s i n i n cl i n e s h a fts wi th a u n i form l y d i s tri b u ted ve rti ca l l oa d of 1 5 0 0 N /m .

7 Personnel winding loads

7.1 Standing personnel load (P )
Th e l oad for s ta n d i n g p e rs on n el s h a l l b e ta ke n as

a) a ve rti ca l l oa d , P, of 6 0 0 0 N /m
2
, a cti n g on th e h ori zon ta l proj e cte d d eck a re a , a n d

b) h ori zon ta l l i n e l oa d , H, al on g th e s i d es a n d d oors of th e con ve yan ce , of 2 0 0 0 N /m . Th i s l oad sh al l be

a p p l i e d 1 , 5 m a bove th e fl oor, a cti n g ou twa rd s .

7.2 Seated personnel load (P )

Th e l oa d , P , for s e a ted p e rs on n e l , s h a l l b e ta ke n a s 4 0 0 0 N /m
2
of h ori zon ta l p roj e cte d d e ck a re a .

7.3 Loading of cages

O ve rtu rn i n g of ca g es d u ri n g l oad i n g s h a l l be ch e cke d by a p p l yi n g th e l oad s g i ve n i n 7 . 1 a n d 7 . 2 to an y

a pp rop ri a te h a l f of th e fl oor a re a of th e ca g e .

7.4 Loading of incline cages (P)

Wh ere person n el en ter from th e si d e of ca g es i n i n cl i n e sh afts, th e fol l owi n g l oad s sh al l be appl i ed at th e

roof l eve l ab ove th e e n try p oi n ts :

a) a h ori zon ta l con ce n tra te d l oad of 1 0 0 0 N acti n g i n th e d i recti on of en try i n to th e cag e sh al l be appl i ed

s i m u l ta n e ou s l y a t e a ch en try p oi n t; a n d

b) a ve rti ca l l oa d of 2 0 0 0 N s h a l l b e a p pl i e d si m u l ta n e ou sl y a t e a ch e n try poi n t.

8 Material and equipment winding loads

8.1 Floor loads
8.1 .1 Static load (M)
Th e l oa d , M , for e a ch i te m of rol l i n g s tock or e q u i p m e n t, sh a l l be d e te rm i n e d for th e p a rti cu l a r

ap p l i ca ti on .

8.1 .2 Impact loads (C )

8.1 .2.1 Rolling stock load
I m p a ct l oa d s d u ri n g l oad i n g a n d off-l oa d i n g s h a l l be d e te rm i n e d u s i n g th e fol l owi n g eq u a ti on s :

a) F or th e ve rti ca l a xl e l oa d ( C
v
):

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E d i ti on 3

C v
= α v
M 1

wh e re

α v
i s th e verti ca l l oa d i m p a ct fa ctor, wh i ch m ay be ta ke n a s 2 , 0 wh e n th e con ve ya n ce i n a

ve rti ca l s h a ft i s h e l d i n p os i ti on d u ri n g l oa d i n g ;

α v
i s th e ve rti ca l l oad i m p a ct fa ctor, wh i ch m ay b e take n a s 2 , 0 wh e n th e con ve ya n ce i s on

ra i l s i n a d e cl i n e s h a ft;

α v
i s th e ve rti ca l l oa d i m p a ct fa ctor, wh i ch m ay be ta ke n a s 3 , 5 wh e n th e con ve ya n ce i n a

ve rti ca l s h a ft i s n ot h e l d i n p os i ti on d u ri n g l oad i n g ;

M 1
i s th e h e a vi e r a xl e l oa d , i n n e wton s (N ).

b) F or th e h ori zon tal l oad ( Ch

):

Th e h ori zon ta l l oa d i m p a cti n g on th e b a ck wa l l of th e con ve ya n ce s h a l l b e ta ke n a s

C h
= α h
M
I f a b u ffer wi th s p ri n g s ti ffn e s s , k
s
, i s u s e d , th e n αh
ca n b e ca l cu l a te d u si n g th e fol l owi n g e q u a ti on :

α = gk
M
s
h
0, 5 bu t n ot > th a n 0 , 5 .

I n a l l oth e r ca s e s , α
h
= 0, 5.

8.1 .2.2 Rubber-tyred, self-propelled vehicle load

I m pa ct l oa d s d u ri n g l oa d i n g a n d off-l oa d i n g s h a l l b e d ete rm i n e d u s i n g th e fol l owi n g e q u ati on s :

a) F or th e ve rti ca l a xl e l oad ( C v
):

C v
= α v
M 1

wh e re

α v
is th e ve rti ca l l oa d i m p a ct fa ctor, wh i ch m ay be ta ke n as 1 ,2 wh e n th e con ve yan ce in a

ve rti ca l s h a ft i s h el d i n p os i ti on d u ri n g l oa d i n g ;

α v
i s th e ve rti ca l l oa d i m pa ct fa ctor, wh i ch m a y b e ta ke n a s 1 , 2 w h en th e con ve ya n ce i s on

ra i l s i n a d e cl i n e s h a ft;

α v
is th e ve rti ca l l oa d i m p a ct fa ctor, wh i ch m ay be ta ke n as 2, 0 wh e n th e con ve yan ce in a

ve rti ca l s h a ft i s n ot h e l d i n p os i ti on d u ri n g l oa d i n g ;

M 1
i s th e h e a vi e r a xl e l oa d , i n n e wton s (N ).

b) F or th e h ori zon ta l l oa d ( Ch
):

1 ) Th e total h ori zon ta l b raki n g l oa d on th e fl oor of th e con ve ya n ce sh a l l b e ta ke n a s

C h
= α h
M

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wh ere

α h
i s a b ra ki n g i m p a ct l oa d , wh i ch m a y b e ta ke n a s 0 , 1 i n th e a bs e n ce of b e tte r i n form a ti on .

2 ) Th e h ori zon ta l i m p a ct l oa d on th e b a ck wa l l of th e con ve ya n ce s h a l l b e ta ke n a s

C h
= α h
M
wh e re

α h
i s th e h ori zon tal l oa d i m p a ct fa ctor, wh i ch m a y b e take n a s 0 , 2 i n th e ab s en ce of be tte r

i n form ati on .

8.1 .2.3 Crawler-mounted, self-propelled vehicle load

I m p a ct l oa d s d u ri n g l oa d i n g a n d off-l oa d i n g s h a l l b e d e te rm i n e d u s i n g th e fol l owi n g e q u a ti on s :

a) F or th e ve rti ca l l oa d ( C v
):

Th e ve rti ca l l oad s h a l l be ta ke n a s th e m os t s e ve re of th e fol l owi n g :

1 ) Con ce n tra ted l oad s at th e fron t e n d a n d th e rea r e n d of e ach tra ck, wi th a m a g n i tu d e of

C =
α v
M
v

2 ) C on cen tra te d l oad s a t th e ce n tre of e a ch tra ck, wi th a m ag n i tu d e of

C =αM
v
v

3 ) U n i form l y d i s tri b u ted l oa d s a l on g th e fu l l l e n g th of e a ch tra ck, wi th a m a g n i tu d e of

C = α LM
v

2
v

wh e re

α v
i s th e ve rti cal l oa d i m p act fa ctor, a n d m ay b e ta ke n a s:

2 , 0 wh e n th e con ve ya n ce i n a ve rti cal sh a ft i s h e l d i n p os i ti on d u ri n g l oa d i n g ; 2 , 0 wh e n th e

con ve ya n ce i s i n a d e cl i n e s h a ft; 3 , 5 wh en th e con ve ya n ce i n a verti ca l sh a ft i s n ot h e l d i n

p os i ti on d u ri n g l oa d i n g ;

L T
i s th e l e n g th of th e cra wl e r tra ck, i n m e tre s (m ).

b) F or th e h ori zon ta l l oa d ( C h
):

1 ) Th e total h ori zon ta l b raki n g l oa d on th e fl oor of th e con ve ya n ce sh a l l b e ta ke n a s

C h
= α h
M
wh e re

α h
i s a b raki n g i m p a ct l oa d , wh i ch m ay b e take n a s 0 , 1 , i n th e a b s e n ce of b ette r i n form a ti on .

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 SANS 1 0208-3:201 2
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2 ) Th e h ori zon ta l i m p a ct l oa d on th e b a ck wa l l of th e con ve ya n ce s h a l l b e ta ke n a s

C h
= α h
M
wh e re

αh
i s th e h ori zon ta l l oa d i m pa ct fa ctor, wh i ch m a y b e ta ke n as 0, 2, in th e a bs e n ce of b e tte r

i n form a ti on .

8.1 .2.4 Other material and equipment loads

I m p a ct l oa d s s h al l be d e te rm i n e d for th e p a rti cu l a r ci rcu m s ta n ce s , cog n i za n ce bei n g ta ke n of th e

m eth od of l oa d i n g .

8.2 Underslung or trailing loads (U )

Th e l oad U (e xpre s s ed in n e wton s), d u e to u n d e rs l i n g i n g i n ve rti ca l s h a fts or trai l i n g l oa d s i n d ecl i n e

sh a fts , sh a l l b e d e te rm i n e d for th e p a rti cu l a r a p p l i ca ti on i n verti ca l or d ecl i n e sh afts. Con si d erati on sh al l

b e g i ve n to ve rti ca l a n d i n d u ce d h ori zon tal l oa d s d u ri n g l oad i n g a n d off-l oa d i n g .

9 Rock winding loads

9.1 Skip loads
9.1 .1 General
Th e rock p re s su re s a n d l oa d s u s e d for th e d e si g n of a s ki p are d e p en d e n t on fa ctors s u ch a s i ts s h a p e ,

th e m e th od of l oa d i n g , rock prop e rti e s, th e typ e of l i n e r u s e d , th e pre s e n ce or oth erwi se of s ki p h ol d i n g

d evi ces , a n d rop e e l a sti ci ty. I n th e a b s en ce of be tte r i n form a ti on th e pre s s u re s a n d l oa d s g i ve n i n 9 . 1 . 2

to 9 . 1 . 8 sh a l l be u s e d .

9.1 .2 Static rock loads (R )

Th e s ta ti c rock l oa d , R , s h a l l b e b a se d on th e m a xi m u m ca p a ci ty of th e s ki p wi th ou t a s u rch a rg e .

9.1 .3 Bridle and transom loads during filling (Rd )

Th e b ri d l e a n d tra n s om l oa d , R d
d u ri n g fi l l i n g s h a l l b e take n a s

R d
= αR
v

wh e re

R d
i s th e b ri d l e a n d tra n s om l oa d , i n n e wton s (N );

α v
i s th e ve rti cal l oa d i m p a ct fa ctor, wh i ch m ay b e ta ke n a s 1 , 1 wh en th e con ve ya n ce i s h el d i n

pos i ti on d u ri n g l oa d i n g ;

α v
i s th e ve rti cal l oa d i m pa ct factor, wh i ch m ay be taken as 1 , 5 wh en th e con veyan ce i s n ot h el d

i n p os i ti on d u ri n g l oa d i n g .

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9.1 .4 Gravity rock pressure (po)

Th e g ra vi ty rock pre s su re p o
, for th e d e s i g n of s ki p s, s h a l l b e ta ken a s

p o
= ρgz
wh e re

p o
i s th e rock p res s u re , i n n e wton s pe r s q u a re m e tre (N /m
2
);

ρ i s th e b u l k d e n si ty of rock, i n ki l og ra m s p e r cu b i c m e tre (kg /m

3
);

g i s th e acce l e ra ti on d u e to g ra vi ty (= 9 , 8 m /s
2
);

z i s th e m axi m u m d e p th of rock con ta i n e d i n th e con ve ya n ce , i n m e tre s (m ).

9.1 .5 Pressure during filling or travelling in the shaft

9.1 .5.1 Pressure on skip bottom (p1 )
Th e p re s s u re , p 1
, on th e s ki p bottom d u ri n g fi l l i n g or d u ri n g tra ve l l i n g i n th e s h a ft, s h a l l b e ta ke n a s

p 1
= α p
p o

wh e re

p 1
i s th e p res s u re, i n n ewton s p e r s q u a re m e tre (N /m
2
);

α p
= 1 , 0;

p o
i s th e g ra vi ty rock p re ss u re , ρgz .

9.1 .5.2 Side pressure (p2)

9.1 .5.2.1 Th e si d e p res s u re, p 2
, on th e s ki p si d e s d u ri n g fi l l i n g or d u ri n g tra ve l l i n g i n th e s h aft, s h a l l b e

ta ke n a s

p 2
= αρ p o

wh ere

p 2
i s th e s i d e p re s su re , i n n e wton s p e r s q u a re m e tre (N /m
2
);

αρ i s th e rock i m pa ct fa ctor;

p o
i s th e g ra vi ty rock p re ss u re , ρgz
9.1 .5.2.2 I n th e a b s e n ce of b e tte r i n form a ti on , th e rock i m p a ct fa ctor, αρ , m a y be take n a s

a) 0 , 5, for a s u rfa ce i n cl i n e d a t m ore th a n 6 0 ° to th e h ori zon ta l a n d on wh i ch th e rock i m pa cts d u ri n g

fi l l i n g ,

b) 1 , 0, for a s u rfa ce i n cl i n e d a t l e s s th a n 60° to th e h ori zon ta l an d on wh i ch th e rock i m p a cts d u ri n g

fi l l i n g ,

c) 0 , 3 for a l l s u rfa ce s n ot i m p a cted b y rock d u ri n g fi l l i n g , or

d) 0 , 3 , for a l l s u rfa ce s d u ri n g tra ve l l i n g i n th e s h a ft.

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9.1 .6 Pressures during emptying (p3)

Th e s i d e or b ottom p res s u re , p 3
, s h a l l b e ta ken a s

p 3
= αρ p o

wh ere

p 3
i s th e s i d e or b ottom pre s s u re , i n n e wton s p e r s q u a re m e tre (N /m
2
);

α p
i s th e rock i m p a ct fa ctor wh i ch m ay be ta ke n a s 1 , 5 for an are a b a s ed on a d i s ta n ce of 0 , 3 m

a b ove an d b e l ow th e i n ters e cti on of th e s ki p b od y an d th e d i s ch a rg e ch u te , or an y oth e r

l oca ti on a t wh i ch th e rock fl ow i s force d to ch a n g e d i re cti on ;

p o
i s th e rock i m pa ct factor wh i ch m a y b e ta ke n as 0 , 3 for a l l oth e r s u rfa ce s .

9.1 .7 Load on tipping rollers (Rt)

9.1 .7.1 Vertical shafts
I n th e a b se n ce of ri g orou s an a l ysi s , an d p rovi d i n g th e s ki p e n ters th e ti p pi n g p ath a t cre e p s p e e d n ot

e xce e d i n g 0 , 5 m /s , th e l oa d R t
, s h a l l b e ta ke n a s a poi n t l oa d th at acts a t th e ce n tre of e a ch rol l e r fa ce ,

d e term i n ed u s i n g th e fol l owi n g e q u a ti on :

R t
= αt
0, 25 ( R+G c
)

wh e re

R t
i s th e l oa d , i n n e wton s (N );

α t
i s th e ti p p i n g i m p a ct fa ctor, ta ke n a s 2 , 0 ;

R i s th e s tati c rock or s l u d g e l oa d ;

G c
i s th e con ve yan ce s e l f-we i g h t l oa d , i n n e wton s (N ).

9.1 .7.2 Decline shafts

9.1 .7.2.1 Th e ti p p i n g l oa d s s h al l be d e te rm i n e d on a ra ti on a l b a si s , d epen d i n g on th e s ki p ti p p i n g

m e ch a n i s m th a t ti p s th e s ki p wh i l e it tra ve l s at con s ta n t s pe e d i n to th e ti p p i n g a re a an d ove r a

ca m e l b ack or s i m i l a r m e ch a n i s m .

9.1 .7.2.2 S ki p s i n d ecl i n e s h afts a re e i th e r ski p s wi th rad i a l d oors b e i n g op e n e d b y a ca m e l b ack, or

fi xe d d oors an d b od i es th a t rota te wh e n th e y e n g ag e a ca m e l b a ck or ti p p i n g p ath , a n d a re typ i cal l y of

th e fol l owi n g typ e s :

a) S ki p s wi th ra d i a l d oors :

Th e d oor ope n i n g l oa d i s m a i n l y d e te rm i n e d b y th e fri cti on b e twe e n th e d oor an d th e p a yl oa d i n th e

s ki p .

Th e fri cti on l oad on th e s ki p d oor, Rf

s h a l l b e ta ke n a s

R = α μρgh
f t h

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where
Rf is the friction load on the skip door, in newtons (N);
αt is the tipping impact factor, taken as 2,0, provided the skip speed entering the tip does not
exceed 0,5 m/s;
μ is the friction factor between the skip payload and the door, which may be taken as 0,3 in the
absence of better information;
ρ is the bulk density of rock in the skip, in kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m 3);
g is the acceleration due to gravity (= 9,8 m/s 2);
hh is height to which the skip is filled above the lowest point of the skip door, in metres (m).
The load, Rt, on the tipping roller shall be determined by rational analysis taking into account the
geometry of the skip.
b) Skips with fixed doors and rotating bodies:
The load on the tipping roller, Rt, required to tip the skip shall be based on a rational analysis, taking
into account the rotational moment of inertia of the rotating body of the skip plus the payload, the
approach speed of the skip into the tip, and the resulting angular acceleration of the rotating body as
determined by the shape of the lead into the camelback or similar tipping arrangement and other
geometric factors.
Where the approach is at creep speed not exceeding 0,5 m/s, and the angle of the camelback does
not exceed 30° above the angle of skip travel on its rails, the following simplification may be used for
the vertical component, Rtv, of the load on the tipping rollers:
Lg
Rtv = αt (R + Gc)
Lr

where
Rtv is the vertical component of the load, in newtons (N);

αt is the tipping impact factor, taken as 2,0;

R is the static rock or sludge load;
Gc is the conveyance self-weight load, in newtons (N);
Lg is the distance between the pivot and the centre of gravity of the full skip, in metres (m);
Lr is the distance between the pivot and the tipping roller, in metres (m).
c) Skips on a tipping path:
The load, Rt, induced on the tipping rollers during the tipping of a skip shall be based on a rational
analysis of the skip entering and leaving the tipping path, taking into account the skip geometry, its
mass and payload, the approach speed into the tipping path, and the resulting acceleration of the
skip body. An impact factor of 2,0 shall be used.

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Wh e re th e ap p roach i s a t cre ep sp e e d n ot e xce e d i n g 0 , 5 m /s , th e fol l owi n g s i m p l i fi cati on m ay be

u s e d for th e verti ca l com p on en t R tv

of th e l oa d on th e ti p p i n g rol l e rs :

R tv
= α t
0, 25 ( R G + c
)

wh e re

R tv
i s th e ve rti ca l com p on e n t of th e l oa d , i n n e wton s (N );

α t
= 2, 0;

R i s th e s ta ti c rock or s l u d g e l oa d ;

G c
i s th e con ve yan ce s e l f-we i g h t l oa d , i n n e wton s (N ).

9.1 .8 Skip return-stop loads (Rs)

9.1 .8.1 Vertical shafts
I n th e a bs e n ce of a ri g orou s a n al ys i s , th e s ki p re tu rn -s top l oad , R s
, on e a ch s i d e sh a l l b e ta ken a s

L
R α G g

L
s
= t
0, 25 c

wh e re

R s
i s th e s ki p re tu rn -s top l oa d , i n n e wton s (N );

α t
i s th e ti pp i n g i m p a ct fa ctor, ta ke n as 2 , 0 ;

G c
i s th e con ve yan ce s e l f-we i g h t l oa d , i n n e wton s (N );

L g
i s th e d i sta n ce b e twe e n th e pi vot a n d th e ce n tre of g ra vi ty of th e e m p ty ski p , i n m etre s (m );

L r
i s th e d i s ta n ce b etwe e n th e p i vot a n d th e retu rn -s top , i n m e tre s (m ).

9.1 .8.2 Decline shafts

I n th e ab s e n ce of a ri g orou s an a l ysi s , th e s ki p re tu rn -s top l oa d , R s
, on e a ch s i d e , sh a l l be ta ke n a s

L
R α G g

L
s
= t
0, 25 c

wh e re

α t
i s th e ti p p i n g i m p a ct fa ctor, ta ke n a s 2 , 0 ;

G c
i s th e con ve yan ce s e l f-we i g h t l oa d , i n n e wton s (N );

L g
i s th e d i sta n ce b e twe e n th e p i vot a n d th e cen tre of g ravi ty of th e e m p ty ski p , i n m e tres (m );

L r
i s th e d i sta n ce be twe e n th e p i vot a n d th e retu rn -s top , i n m e tre s (m ).

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9.2 Kibble loads

9.2.1 Static rock or sludge loads (R )
The static rock or sludge load, R, expressed in newtons, shall be based on the maximum capacity of the
kibble, including the surcharge.
9.2.2 Gravity rock or sludge pressure (po)
The gravity rock or sludge pressure, po, for the design of kibbles, shall be taken as
po = ρgz

where
ρ is the higher of the saturated rock density or the slurry density of the rock, in kilograms per
cubic metre (kg/m 3);
g is the acceleration due to gravity (= 9,8 m/s 2);
z is the maximum depth of rock contained in the conveyance, in metres (m).
9.2.3 Pressure during filling
9.2.3.1 Pressure on kibble bottom (p1 )
The pressure, p1 , on the kibble bottom shall be taken as
p1 = αp po

where
p1 is the pressure on kibble bottom, in newtons per square metre (N/m 2);
αp = 1 ,0.
9.2.3.2 Side pressure (p2)
The side pressure, p2, shall be taken as
p2 = αp po

where
p2 is the side pressure, in newtons per square metre (N/m 2);
αp = 0,3, in the case of rock;
αp = 1 ,0, in the case of sludge.
9.2.4 Pressures during emptying
Pressures during emptying are deemed to be not greater than those during filling. However, cognizance
shall be taken of the reorientation of the loads during emptying.

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 SANS 1 0208-3:201 2
E d i ti on 3

9.2.5 Heavy kibble payloads

Wh e re s pe ci fi c h e a vy e q u i pm e n t i s tra n sp orted i n th e ki b b l e , cog n i za n ce s h a l l b e ta ke n of th i s i n th e

d es i g n of th e ki b b l e .

1 0 Emergency loads
1 0.1 Rope emergency load (Er)
1 0.1 .1 Permanent operating conveyances with fixed ropes
E
E
Th e rop e e m e rg e n cy l oa d , r
s h a l l b e ta ke n as th e a ctu a l rop e b re a ki n g force. I n th e a b s en ce of th i s

i n form a ti on th e rope e m e rg e n cy l oa d , r
, m a y b e ta ke n a s 1 , 1 ti m e s th e m a n u fa ctu re r' s e s ti m a te d rop e

bre a ki n g force .

1 0.1 .2 Permanent operating conveyances with friction winders

Th e rope e m e rg e n cy l oa d , E r
, s h a l l b e as s e s se d b y a ra ti on a l a n a l ys i s . As a n u p p e r l i m i t th e rop e l oad

g i ve n i n 1 0 . 1 . 1 ca n b e u se d .

1 0.1 .3 Temporary equipping, maintenance and inspection conveyances

E
Wh e re occu p a n ts of th e con ve ya n ce a re in con ti n u ou s voi ce con ta ct wi th th e d ri ve r' s ca b i n , th e

em e rg e n cy rop e l oad , r
, s h a l l b e ta ke n a s

E r
= β ( G C
c
+ y
)

wh e re

E r
i s th e rop e e m e rg e n cy l oa d , i n n e wton s (N );

β is th e rop e s afe ty fa ctor an d s h al l be ta ke n as 1 0 or a l owe r fi g u re , as s ta ted by th e

a p p rop ri a te a u th ori ty i n te rm s of th e re l eva n t n a ti on al l e g i s l a ti on (s e e fore word );

G c
i s th e con ve yan ce s e l f-we i g h t l oa d , i n n e wton s (N );

C y
is P ΣM U R
, , or , a s a p p rop ri ate , i n n e wton s (N ).

1 0.1 .4 Slung equipment and conveyances

E
Wh e re eq u i p m e n t or con veya n ces a re sl u n g be l ow p e rm a n en t con ve ya n ce s th e e m erg en cy rop e l oa d ,

r
, to b e u s ed for th e d e si g n of th e sl u n g eq u i p m e n t or con ve ya n ce, s h a l l b e ta ke n as

E r
= β ( G C c
+ y
)

wh e re

E r
i s th e rop e e m e rg e n cy l oa d , i n n e wton s (N );

β i s th e rop e s a fe ty fa ctor;

G c
i s th e con ve yan ce s e l f-we i g h t l oa d , i n n e wton s (N );

C y
is P ΣM U R
, , or , a s a p p rop ri ate , i n n e wton s (N ).

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SANS 1 0208-3:201 2
Edition 3

The rope safety factor may be taken as one of the following:

a) Five, where the occupants of the conveyance or a piloting conveyance are in continuous voice
contact with the winding engine driver’s cabin, and the hoisting speed does not exceed 3 m/s,
provided this is allowed by the appropriate authority in terms of the relevant national legislation (see
foreword).
b) Three, for once-off transport of heavy items of equipment and where the occupants of the
conveyance or a piloting conveyance are in continuous voice contact with the winding engine driver’s
cabin, and the hoisting speed does not exceed 1 m/s, provided this is allowed by the appropriate
authority in terms of the relevant national legislation (see foreword).
c) The factor of safety established in the relevant national legislation (see foreword).
The integrity of the heavy equipment itself, including slinging lugs and casing, shall be certified by the
supplier thereof.
1 0.1 .5 Kibbles and kibble cross-heads
The kibble cross-head shall be subjected to the rope emergency load, Er, defined in 1 0.1 .1 .

1 0.2 Emergency drop-back loads (Ej )

1 0.2.1 General
The loads applied by the jack catches, Ej , (expressed in newtons) shall be as determined in
SANS 1 0208-1 . The rope emergency load defined in 1 0.1 .1 may be taken as an upper limit on the loads
applied by the jack catches.
1 0.2.2 All permanent conveyances
The critical load bearing components of the conveyance shall be subjected to the emergency drop-back
load, Ej , as defined in 1 0.2.1 .
1 0.2.3 Kibbles and kibble cross-heads
The kibble, chains and cross-head shall be subjected to the emergency drop-back load, Ej , as defined in
1 0.2.1 . The drop-back distance shall be calculated assuming that the kibble falls from the underside of
the cross-head until the chains tighten.

1 0.3 Roof impact loads

Unless otherwise specified by the client, cage roofs shall be designed to resist a vertical impact load
equal to one of the following:
a) cages in vertical shafts: 20 000 N, applied on an area of 0,1 m × 0,1 m, anywhere on the roof; or
b) cages in incline shafts: 1 0 000 N, applied on an area of 0,1 m × 0,1 m, anywhere on the roof.

1 0.4 Skip loads

1 0.4.1 General
The emergency rock pressures and loads used for the design of a skip are dependent primarily on the
extent to which slurry or large rocks are loaded into the skip.

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 SANS 1 0208-3:201 2
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1 0.4.2 Gravity rock pressure (po)

Th e g ra vi ty rock p re s s u re , p o
, for th e d es i g n of s ki p s , s h a l l b e ta ke n a s

p o
= ρgz
wh e re

p o
i s th e g ra vi ty rock p re ss u re , i n n ewton s p e r sq u a re m e tre (N /m
2
);

ρ i s th e h i g h e r of th e s a tu ra te d rock d e n si ty or th e s l u rry d e n s i ty of th e rock, i n ki l og ra m s p e r

3
cu b i c m e tre (kg /m );

g i s th e a cce l era ti on d u e to g ra vi ty (= 9 , 8 m /s
2
);

z i s th e m a xi m u m d e p th of rock con ta i n e d i n th e con ve ya n ce , i n m e tre s (m ).

1 0.4.3 Pressure during filling or travelling in the shaft

1 0.4.3.1 Pressure on skip bottom (p1 )
Th e pre s su re , p 1
, on th e s ki p bottom d u ri n g fi l l i n g or d u ri n g tra ve l l i n g i n th e s h a ft, s h a l l b e ta ke n a s

p 1
= α p
p o

wh e re

α p
= 1 , 0;

p o
i s th e g ra vi ty rock p re ss u re , ρgz .

1 0.4.3.2 Side pressure (p2)

Th e si d e p re s s u re , p 2
, on th e s ki p si d e s d u ri n g fi l l i n g or d u ri n g tra ve l l i n g i n th e s h a ft sh a l l b e ta ken a s

p 2
= αρ p o

wh ere

αρ i s th e rock i m p act fa ctor;

p o
i s th e g ra vi ty rock p re ss u re , ρgz .

I n th e a b s e n ce of b e tte r i n form ati on , th e rock i m p a ct factor, αρ , m a y be ta ke n as 1 , 0 .

1 0.4.3.3 Single rock impact (Ri ) during filling

Th e s i n g l e rock i m p a ct d u ri n g fi l l i n g s h a l l b e a s fol l ows:

a) Th e si n g l e rock i m p a ct ve rti cal l oa d on th e s ki p d oor, R

i
, d u ri n g fi l l i n g sh al l be based on e n e rg y

con s i d e ra ti on s . Th e i m p a ct e n e rg y, Z i
, sh a l l b e ta ke n a s 5 0 % of th e p ote n ti a l e n e rg y of th e fa l l i n g

rock, n a m el y

Z= i
0, 5 h gm
d r

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SANS 1 0208-3:201 2
Edition 3

The impact load shall be calculated assuming plastic deformation of the skip door, namely

Ri = Zdi
i

where
Zi is the impact energy of the falling rock, in joules (J);
hd is the height through which the rock falls to be taken as not less than the depth of the skip,
in metres (m);
mr is the largest rock that will be loaded into the skip, in kilograms (kg);
di is the deformation of the skip door, in metres (m).
NOTE 1 The mass of the rock can be based on a rock size limited by physical constraints in the rock handling
system, but should not be taken as less than 0,05 m 3.
NOTE 2 di can be taken as 5 % of the width of the skip plus 75 % of the thickness of any rubber liners.
b) The single rock impact horizontal load on the skip sides, Rk, during filling shall be taken as
Rk = 0,1 Ri
The single rock impact shall be applied to any area measuring 0,3 m × 0,3 m on the skip door, or side .
1 0.5 Stopping device loads
A variety of devices is applied to stop the conveyance in the event of an emergency in decline shafts,
and in some jurisdictions in vertical shafts as well. The loads on these devices and their attachment to
the conveyance shall be analysed on a rational basis, taking into account the mass and mass moment of
inertia of the conveyance, the expected deceleration, the hoisting speed, and any energy absorption or
plastic deformation capacity of the device.

1 0.6 Application of emergency loads

The emergency loads specified in 1 0.1 and 1 0.2 shall be applied to the conveyance in proportion to the
distribution of the mass of the conveyance and its contents.
The emergency loads specified in 1 0.1 and 1 0.2 shall be applied to critical load bearing components of
the conveyance. Other components need not be designed to resist these emergency loads, unless a risk
analysis indicates that this is necessary.

1 1 Load factors and load combinations

1 1 .1 General
Throughout clauses 1 1 and 1 2, "load" can also be read as "load effect".
1 1 .2 Operating conditions
1 1 .2.1 Partial load factors
The appropriate values of partial load factors given in table 1 shall be used.

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 SANS 1 0208-3:201 2
Edition 3

1 1 .2.2 Load combinations

For load combinations, the design load, F, shall be calculated using the following equation:
F = γg1 G1 + γg2 G2 + γf1 Q1 + [ψ2 γf2 Q2 + … ψn γfn Qn ]
where
F is the design load, in newtons (N);
γg1 and γg2 are the partial load factors for permanent loads;

γf2 … γfn are the partial load factors for imposed loads;
G1 and G 2 are the permanent loads, including the self-weight of the structure and the structural
components, in newtons (N);
Q1 is the dominant imposed load under consideration, in newtons (N);
Q2 … Qn are the additional independent imposed loads, in newtons (N);
ψ2 … ψn are the load combination factors.
1 1 .2.3 Fatigue design loads
Fatigue design shall be carried out in accordance with SANS 1 0208-4.

1 1 .3 Emergency conditions
The design load, F, shall be calculated using the following equation:
F = γe Qe
where
F is the design load, in newtons (N);
γe = 1 ,05;
Qe = Er, Ej , or other emergency load, as appropriate.

1 1 .4 Conveyance installation
Cognizance shall be taken of loads imposed on the conveyance during installation.

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SANS 1 0208-3:201 2
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Table 1 — Partial load factors and load combination factors

1 2 3 4

Partial load factors Load

γ γ combination
Type of loading gi
an d fi

factor
Ultimate limit state Serviceability
limit state ψ i

Permanent loads
M axi m u m s e l f-we i g h t a cti n g i n i s ol a ti on 1 ,5 – –

M axi m u m se l f-we i g h t acti n g i n com b i n a ti on

1 ,2 1 ,0 1 ,0
wi th i m pos e d l oa d s

Tai l rop e l oa d s 1 ,3 1 ,0 1 ,0

Imposed loads
P e rs on n e l , rock an d m a te ri a l l oad s 1 ,4 1 ,0 1 ,0

U n d e rs l u n g l oad s 1 ,4 1 ,0 1 ,0

O th e r s ta ti c i m p ose d l oad s 1 ,4 1 ,0 1 ,0

La te ra l i m pos e d l oa d s from g u i d e s 1 ,6 1 ,0 1 ,0

I m p a ct l oa d s from con ve ya n ce l oad i n g 1 ,6 1 ,0 1 ,0

Wi n d e r a cce l era ti on a n d d e ce l e ra ti on l oa d s 1 ,6 1 ,0 1 ,0

H ol d i n g d evi ce l oa d s 1 ,6 1 ,0 1 ,0

O th e r d yn a m i c i m p ose d l oad s 1 ,6 1 ,0 1 ,0

1 2 Design procedures
1 2.1 Design loads
Th e n om i n a l l oa d s for op e ra ti n g a n d em e rg e n cy con d i ti on s s h al l b e ob ta i n e d from cl a u s e 5 . Th e p a rti a l

l oa d fa ctors an d l oa d com b i n a ti on s s h a l l b e ob ta i n ed from cl a u se 1 1 .

1 2.2 Design codes

M e m b e rs of con ve ya n ce s tru ctu re s s h al l b e d e s i g n e d u s i n g l i m i t-s ta te d e s i g n proce d u re s a s g i ve n i n

S AN S 1 0 1 6 2 -1 an d S AN S 1 0 1 6 2 -2 , for s te e l com p on e n ts , an d in EN 1 9 9 9 -1 -1 , EN 1 9 9 9 -1 -3 an d

E N 1 9 9 9 -1 -4 , for a l u m i n i u m com p on e n ts .

1 2.3 Design for emergency loads

1 2.3.1 Steel components
Th e re s i s ta n ce fa ctor, Φ , g i ve n as 0, 9 in S AN S 1 0 1 6 2 -1 m ay be i n cre a s ed to 1 ,1 wh e re s te e l

com p on e n ts a re to b e d es i g n ed to re s i st e m e rg e n cy l oad s a n d wh e re i t ca n b e s h own th a t th e y wi l l n ot

be su b j e ct to p re m a tu re fai l u re d u e to l oca l b u ckl i n g or ten s i l e ru p tu re . Th e re si s ta n ce fa ctor, Φ b

, for

b ol ted con n e cti on s m a y be m od i fi ed from 0 , 6 7 to 0 , 8 .

1 2.3.2 Aluminium components

No m od i fi cati on s sh al l be m ad e to th e re q u i re m e n ts g i ven in EN 1 9 9 9 -1 -1 , EN 1 9 9 9 -1 -3 an d

E N 1 9 9 9 -1 -4 .

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 SANS 1 0208-3:201 2
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1 2.3.3 Special considerations

1 2.3.3.1 Conveyance roofs
U n d e r th e a cti on of th e e m e rg en cy l oa d s pl asti c d eform ati on of cag e roofs to th e exten t of n ot m ore th an

1 00 m m on roof beam s an d 200 m m on roof p l a tes is a cce p ta b l e , p rovi d e d th e roof p l a te is n ot

pe n e tra te d .

1 2.3.3.2 Stopping devices

P l a s ti c d e form a ti on of s top pi n g d e vi ce s u n d e r e m e rg e n cy l oa d s i s a cce p ta b l e , p rovi d e d th e fol l owi n g

a p pl i e s :

a) th e d e form a ti on i s d u cti l e ;

b) n o b u ckl i n g of com p on e n ts occu rs ;

c) th e m axi m u m p l a s ti c s tra i n d oe s n ot exce e d h al f th e s tra i n of th e m a te ri a l a t te n s i l e fa i l u re ; a n d

d) p l a s ti c d eform ati on takes pl ace i n stru ctu ral com pon en ts or en erg y absorbers an d n ot i n con n ecti on s.

1 2.4 Fatigue
M e m b e rs s u b j e ct to fl u ctu a ti n g l oa d s sh a l l be as s e s s ed for fati g u e d am ag e in a ccord a n ce wi th

S AN S 1 0 2 0 8 -4 .

In g e n era l , th e n u m b er of cycl e s for fa ti g u e l oa d i n g sh a l l be d e te rm i n ed from th e con ve yan ce l i fe

re q u i red a n d th e l oa d a pp l i ca ti on fre q u e n ci e s a s g i ve n i n S AN S 1 0 2 0 8 -4 .

29
SANS 1 0208-3:201 2
Edition 3

Annex A
(normative)

Shaft zone classification

Mining operations and geological conditions lead to strains of differing magnitude in the rock
immediately surrounding the shaft. Four shaft zones are defined, based on the likely strains not
exceeding the limits given in table A.1 .
Table A.1 — Upper elastic strain limits for shaft zones

1 2 3 4 5
Maximum strains
Longitudinal
Zone Tensile Compressive Transverse Distortion
A 0,35 × 1 0 −3 0,25 × 1 0 − 3 0,05 (e/L) a 0,075 × 1 0 − 3
B 1 ,00 × 1 0 −3 1 ,00 × 1 0 − 3 0,1 (e/L) a 2,00 × 1 0 −3
C No upper limits
D Reef intersection zone
a
e normal maximum moving beam misalignment of the guide
L guide span, bunton to bunton

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 SANS 1 0208-3:201 2
E d i ti on 3

Bibliography
Standards
BS 7608, Code of practice for fatigue design and assessment of steel structures.

S AN S 2 7 3 , The design, manufacture, maintenance and safe operation of chairlifts in mines.

S AN S 1 0 1 6 0 -8 , Basis of structural design and actions for buildings and industrial structures – Part 8:

Actions during execution.

Other publications
C h a m be r of M i n es Re se a rch O rg a n i za ti on (CO M RO ). U se r G u i d e N o. 2 1 : Design guidelines for the

dynamic performance of shaft steelwork and conveyances. Au ckl a n d P a rk: C O M RO . 1 9 9 0 .

Kri g e , G. J. Commentary on SANS 1 0208-3. J oh a n n e s b u rg : S ou th e rn Afri ca n I n s ti tu te of S tee l

C on s tru cti on (S AI S C ). 2 0 0 9 .

© S AB S

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