SECURITY ALARM USING ARDIUNO AND SENSOR

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
A security alarm is a system designed to detect intrusion – unauthorized entry – into a
building or other area. Security alarms are used in residential, commercial, industrial, and
military properties for protection against burglary (theft) or property damage, as well as personal
protection against intruders. Security alarms in residential areas show a correlation with
decreased theft. Car alarms likewise help protect vehicles and their contents. Prisons also use
security systems for control of inmates.
Some alarm systems serve a single purpose of burglary protection; combination systems
provide both fire and intrusion protection. Intrusion alarm systems may also be combined
with closed-circuit television surveillance (CCTV) systems to automatically record the activities
of intruders, and may interface to access control systems for electrically locked doors. Systems
range from small, self-contained noisemakers, to complicated, multirally systems with computer
monitoring and control. It may even include two-way voice which allows communication
between the panel and Monitoring station.
Depending upon the application, the alarm output may be local, remote or a combination.
Local alarms do not include monitoring, though may include indoor and/or outdoor sounders
(e.g. motorized bell or electronic siren) and lights (e.g. strobe light) which may be useful for
signaling an evacuation notice for people during fire alarms, or where one hopes to scare off an
amateur burglar quickly. However, with the widespread use of alarm systems (especially in cars),
false alarms are very frequent and many urbanites tend to ignore alarms rather than investigating,
let alone contacting the necessary authorities. In short, there may be no response at all. In rural
areas where nobody may hear the fire bell or burglar siren, lights or sounds may not make much
difference, as the nearest emergency responders may arrive too late to avoid losses.
The main aim of this project work is to develop a high-level security and safety system for
many organizations in addition to the domestic applications. Design aspects are considered for
real time applications. The method of intruder and metal sensing are used to detect the presence
of a person who is roaming within suspected area or with metal objects respectively; in this
regard proximity detection scheme is designed with PIR sensor and metal detector for detecting
metal objects.

Based on the interruption signal obtained from the PIR sensor or metal detector, the
arduino controller activates the alarm and transmits a message to the authorized person mobile
through GSM. In addition camera will be activated by the controller through relay to transmit
live picture signals through its inbuilt wifi to the android device that can be seen in the app.

Security Alarm Systems are very important in present day society, where crime is
increasing. With the technological advancements we have achieved in the recent years, an

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individual doesn’t have to worry about home/office security while getting off his/her home/office.
Modern security systems provide enough security from burglars, fire, smoke, etc. They also
provide immediate notification to the individual.

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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY

The researchers gathered information from different sources which give appropriate ideas or
what parts to be used in every circuitry involved in this project. Keypad interfacing to
microcontroller using embedded C was the hardest part ever encountered during the development
stage. From a step by step process, researchers started from writing simple code to more
complex. After everything is fixed and tested in virtual simulation, the researchers soldered
everything for implementation stage. Researchers faced many problems on hardware such as fine
tuning every sensor to work simultaneously with the burnt program inside the microcontroller.
By eliminating those problems gives good and accurate anticipated result.
Same project could have been designed with:
1) 8051 microcontroller
2) Arduino

We are using arduino to realize this project because

Using an Arduino simplifies the amount of hardware and software development you need to
do in order to get a system running.

The Arduino hardware platform already has the power and reset circuitry setup as well as
circuitry to program and communicate with the microcontroller over USB. In addition, the I/O
pins of the microcontroller are typically already fed out to sockets/headers for easy access (This
may vary a bit with the specific model).

On the software side, Arduino provides a number of libraries to make programming the
microcontroller easier. More useful are things such as being able to set I/O pins to PWM at a
certain duty cycle using a single command or doing Serial communication.

The greatest advantage is having the hardware platform set up already, especially the fact that
it allows programming and serial communication over USB.

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CHAPTER 3
DESIGN OF SECURITY ALARM SYSTEM USING ARDUINO AND
SENSOR

3.1 Block Diagram:

The block diagram consists of aarduino, PIR sensor, servo, buzzer, relay, LCD and a camera. All
the components are connected to arduino and the software related to each code is dumped in
order to fulfill the requirement.

.
Fig 3.1 Block diagram of security alarm using arduino and sensor

A PIR sensor known as passive infrared is an electronic sensor that measures infrared (IR)

light radiating from objects in its field of view. Buzzer makes a sound when the sensor detects
any object in its field of view. Keypad is used to type the password in order shut down the sound
of the alarm and the typed password will be displayed on the LCD display. Camera captures
pictures and sends them to the user. A relay is used to control the usage of camera.

3.2 FLOWCHART :
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The project is designed for detecting intruders and informing the owner by sending a
message automatically.PIR sensor detects motion by sensing the difference in infrared or radiant
heat levels emitted by surrounding objects. The output of the PIR sensor goes high when it detects
any motion.This is detected by the Arduino. Arduino then communicates with the GSM module

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via serial communication to send a message to the pre programmed mobile number.

Fig 3.2 Flowchart of seecurity alarm using arduino and sensor

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3.3 Circuit Diagram:

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 (datasheet). It has
14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz
ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It
contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with
a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.

3.3 Circuit Diagram of security alarm using arduino and sensor

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3.4 Applications:

(i) Provides security in domestic and commercial premises.

(ii) It can be used for defense purposes.

(iii)Monitoring and signaling access to secured areas.

(iv) Protects valuables.

3.5 Advantages:

(i) Helps to save energy.

(ii) It included alarms which handle fire.

(iii) Lowers insurance.

(iv) Home automation convenience.

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CHAPTER 4
WORKING OF SECURITY ALARM USING ARDUINO AND SENSOR
Initially when a person is detected by the PIR sensor, alarm is raised and an option of
entering the password is given. The password set is 123. When the person enters the correct
password, the alarm raised is turned off. If the entered password is wrong, the alarm keeps on
buzzing and a message saying unauthorized person entry is sent to the registered mobile number
through a GSM. A footage of the intruder can be seen through a laptop. A metal detector circuit
is also implemented.

A Passive Infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic device that measures infrared
(IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view. PIR sensors are often used in the
construction of PIR-based motion detectors. Apparent motion is detected when an infrared
source with one temperature, such as a human, passes in front of an infrared source with another
temperature, such as a wall. Any object, even one exactly the same temperature as the
surrounding objects will cause the PIR to activate if it moves in the field of the sensors. So the
output of the PIR sensor is connected to arduino ATMEGA 328 microcontroller that triggers the
alarm when the movement is detected in front of the sensor within its range and transmits the
message through GSM.

Camera is controlled with the help of a relay. The footage can be seen through a laptop or
a computer. Camera is switched on through relay when the alarm sound doesn’t stop. The metal
detector circuit detects any metal and turns on the alarm. Only way to stop alarm is to enter the
password correctly.

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CHAPTER 5

HARDWARE EQUIPMENT

5.1 INTRODUCTION

To design a security alarm system using arduino, a camera, sensor and a buzzer. By using
respective camera software to capture the pictures of the intruders. The application of our system
comes in handy when people get to know about the remote intrusions in their house or if there is
some mishap when they are not at their place.

5.2 EQUIPMENT USED AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

5.2.1Function of PIR sensor

A Passive Infrared sensor(PIR sensor) is an electronic device that measures infrared (IR)
light radiating from objects in its field of view. PIR sensors are often used in the construction of
PIR-basedmotion detectors. Apparent motion is detected when an infrared source with one
temperature, such as a human, passes in front of an infrared source with another temperature,
such as a wall.
Pyroelectric devices, such as the PIR sensor, have elements made of a crystalline material
that generates an electric charge when exposed to infrared radiation. The changes in the amount
of infrared striking the element change the voltages generated, which are measured by an on-
board amplifier. The device contains a special filter called a Fresnel lens, which infrared signals
onto the element. As the ambient infrared signals change rapidly, the on-board amplifier trips the
output to indicate motion.

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5.2.2LCD Display

The LCD panel used in the project work is aimed to display the information that is generated by

the PC keyboard. While searching the required item, once the required item data is entered

through the keyboard, automatically the display shows the position of the item. Some times the

user may demand for unavailable item, if the system doesn’t find this item, immediately the

controller raises an alarm and the display shows “sorry this item is not available”. Once the

alarm energizes, it remains in on condition until the clear key is depressed.

The LCD used here is having two rows and each row contains 16 characters, depending
up on the availability of LCD panel 3 lines or 4 lines panels can be used for the purpose, so that
more information can be displayed simultaneously. LCD Displays are dominating LED displays,
because these displays can display alphabets, numbers and some kind of special symbols, where
as LED’s (seven segment display) can display only numbers. These LCD displays are very
useful for displaying user information and communication. LCD displays are available in
various formats. Most common are 2 x 16, is that two lines with 16 alphanumeric characters.
Other formats are 3x16, 2x40, 3x40 etc;

In recent years LCD is finding widespread use replacing LED’s, because of the ability to
display numbers, characters, and graphics. Another advantage is, because of its compactness and
ease of programming for characters and graphics, more information in the form of text message
or graphics can be displayed. Generally, the LCD modules have an 8-bit interface, besides the 8-
bit data bus; the interface has a few other control lines. The data bus and the control lines are
connected to I/O pins of the controller. The default data transfer between the LCD module and
an external device is 8-bits, however it is possible to communicate with the LCD module using
only four of the 8-data lines. The R/W line is connected to ground and hence the processor
cannot read any status information from the LCD module, but can only write data to the LCD.

Vcc, Vss, and VEE: While Vcc and Vss provide +5V and ground, respectively; VEE is used for
controlling LCD contrast.

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RS - register select: There are two very important registers inside the LCD. The RS pin is used
for their selection as follows. If RS = 0, the instruction command code register is selected,
allowing the user to send a command such as clear display, cursor at home, etc. If RS = 1 the
data register is selected, allowing the user to send data to be displayed on the LCD.

R/W - read/write: R/W input allows the user to write information to the LCD or read
information from it. R/W = 1 when reading; R/W =0 when writing.

E - Enable: The enable pin is used by the LCD to latch information presented to its data pins.
When data is supplied to data pins, a high to low pulse must be applied to this pin in order for the
LCD to latch in the data present at the data pins. This pulse must be a minimum of 450 ns wide.

D0 – D7: The 8 bit data pins, D0 – D7, are used to send information to the LCD or read the
contents of the LCD’s internal registers. To display letters and numbers, we send ASCII codes
for the letters A – Z, a – z, and numbers 0 – 9 to these pins while making RS = 1. There are also
instructions command codes that can be sent to the LCD to clear the display or force the cursor
to the home position or blink the cursor.

5.2.3 ARDUINO CONTROLLER

Arduino is a tool for making computers that can sense and control more of the physical
world than your desktop computer. It's an open-source physical computing platform based on a
simple microcontroller board, and a development environment for writing software for the board.
Arduino can be used to develop interactive objects, taking inputs from a variety of switches or
sensors, and controlling a variety of lights, motors, and other physical outputs. Arduino projects
can be stand-alone, or they can communicate with software running on your computer (e.g.
Flash, Processing, MaxMSP.) The boards can be assembled by hand or purchased preassembled;
the open-source IDE can be downloaded for free. The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board
based on the ATmega328. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM
outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP
header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply
connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get
started.

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ATmega328 with Arduino Optiboot (Uno)

The name says it all on this one. An ATmega328 in DIP package, pre-loaded with the Arduino
Optiboot (Uno 16MHz) Bootloader. This will allow you to use Arduino code in your custom
embedded project without having to use an actual Arduino board.

To get this chip working with Arduino IDE, you will need an external 16MHz crystal or
resonator, a 5V supply, and a serial connection. If you are not comfortable doing this, we
recommend purchasing the Arduino Uno board that has all of these built into the board.

Atmel’s ATMega328 8-Bit Processor in 28 pin DIP package. It’s like the ATmega168,
with double the flash space. 32K of program space.23 I/O lines, 6 of which are channels for the
10-bit ADC.Runs up to 20MHz with external crystal. Package can be programmed in circuit.
1.8V to 5V operating voltage.

ATmega328
The ATmega328 is a single-chipmicrocontroller created by Atmel in the megaAVR family.
The Atmel 8-bitAVRRISC-based microcontroller combines 32 kBISPflash memory with read-
while-write capabilities, 1 kBEEPROM, 2 kBSRAM, 23 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general
purpose working registers, three flexible timer/counters with compare modes, internal and
external interrupts, serial programmable USART, a byte-oriented 2-wire serial interface, SPI serial
port, 6-channel 10-bit A/D converter (8-channels in TQFP and QFN/MLF packages), programmable
watchdog timer with internal oscillator, and five software selectable power saving modes. The
device operates between 1.8-5.5 volts. The device achieves throughput approaching 1 MIPS per
MHz.

As of 2013 the ATmega328 is commonly used in many projects and autonomous systems
where a simple, low-powered, low-cost micro-controller is needed. Perhaps the most common
implementation of this chip is on the popular Arduino development platform, namely the
Arduino Uno and Arduino Nano models.

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5.2.4 POWER SUPPLY

The power supplies are designed to convert high voltage AC mains electricity to a
suitable low voltage supply for electronics circuits and other devices. A RPS (Regulated Power
Supply) is the Power Supply with Rectification, Filtering and Regulation being done on the AC
mains to get a Regulated power supply for Microcontroller and for the other devices being
interfaced to it.
For example a 5V regulated power supply system as shown below:

Fig 5.2.4 components of typical linear power supply

5.2.5 GSM MODEM

The microcontroller used in this project work is interfaced with GSM module and is pre-
programmed such that the message is to be sent about the unauthorized person entry or metal
detector to the authorized mobile in the form of SMS. The system is designed based on GSM
technology and this GSM module is playing important role in this project work.
GSM is known as Global System for Mobile Communication. A technology developed in 1985
by a French company known as Group Special Mobile. In fact this communication system is
designed for personal communications, but today this technology has been in use for many
applications. The only one technology, which doesn’t have any range restriction in wireless

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communications, any device which is controlled or monitored can be operated anywhere from
the world.

5.2.6 METAL DETECTOR

The metal detecting block is to detect the metal objects (knife, etc) in which a magnetic
pick up coil is used. This coil is energized through a low frequency Oscillator and whenever any
metal (especially iron) is detected it opposes the magnetic flux produced by the Magnetic coil
and the current flowing in the coil will be reduced. The circuit will detect this reduction of
current and it gives the detected information to Controller in the form of Logic signal. For the
demonstration purpose a small metal plate made of mild steel can be placed near the detector,
whenever the metal is brought very near to this plate, the magnetic flux produced by the
magnetic coil is disturbed, which in turn the circuit generates a high signal for the micro
controller. Based on this signal, the controller energizes the alarm and transmits the message to
the authorized mobile through GSM.

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CHAPTER 6
RESULT
A security alarm using an arduino and sensor is designed and implemented. It is suitable
for indoor security especially in small rooms, artifacts in museums, jewelry stores and art
galleries. This security alarm is very good for safe guarding valuables. The alarm makes a sound
when an intruder is detected and in order to stop the alarm you need to enter the correct
password. If an un-authorized entry is detected, an alarm is raised and a message is sent to the
registered mobile number and the footage can be seen in a laptop or a computer.

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CHAPTER 7
CONCLUSIONS
The project was set out to realize a security alarm system which can be monitored
through a laptop or a computer. A message is sent to the registered mobile number through a
GSM. The project is implemented and determined to be functionally correct under the required
test conditions.

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CHAPTER 8
FUTURE SCOPE
Additional features can be incorporated into this module, if required. The integrated
burglar alarm systems can also be monitored with the burglar alarm activation posed either to a
pre-selected list of telephone auto-dialer is connected to the alarm system or to a central
monitoring station if a digicom is connected to the alarm system. The telephone auto dialer is
suitable for domestic and small commercial installation and maintenance is minimal. The central
monitoring station is the highest security and the most expensive both for installation and
maintenance.

A laser security system can also be implemented. Various activities such as smoke and fire
can be detected. A data base can be created where the information of authorized persons can be
stored and when a person is detected, the data base verifies whether the person identified is
authorized or not and proceeds accordingly.

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REFERENCES

[1] Michael Mcroberts, Beginning Arduino.

[2] Arduino IDE 1.0.6 from https://www.arduino.cc/en/main/software
[3] www.circuitstoday.com
[4] www.engineersgarage.com
[5] www.learn.adafruit.com
[6] www.instructables.com

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