Salah Alassaf .

Instructor : Prof. Belal AL-Sababha .

Microprocessors & Embedded systems.

April 23, 2020.

Classifications & qualifications of some sensors used

in embedded systems.

Today embedded systems are one of the most important fields in our lives .

An embedded system is an electronic system whose principal function is

not computational, which is controlled by a computer embedded within it,

and it have inside its structure at least one controlling device , the base or

the brain of this system is the microcontroller .

Every embedded system consists of two parts . the hardware part and the

software part. The software part is relevant to programming and the hard-

ware part is relevant to any microchip or controlling device that can be

programmable and embedded in the system.

There are many examples that embedded systems used or built in like :

mobile phones , PCS , video games consoles , digital devices etc..

 Embedded sensors systems or devices that response to the input of its

physical environment .Also we can define them as a small parts added

to the structure of the embedded system . These sensors work as a

measurement tools and also interacts the changes in its environment.

In this research, I’m going to classify 10 different types of embedded sen-

sors as follows :

• Name, model name & part manufacture number.

• Brief Description about its functionality.

• Important Technical Parameters.

• Manufacturer Name and Website.

• Data-sheet and Documentation URL.

• Approximate price.

• A Retailer Name and website.

• Application used in.

1. Temperature sensor.

Brief description about temperature sensor functionality:

- It measures the heat / coldness generated by the environment or any object.

- Detecting the changes in that temperature , producing the output in digital or ana-

log

Important technical parameters about our example :

• High performance.

• Input voltage range ( 2.7V—5.5V).

• Temperature range ( −40°C — 105°C).

• 8-lead narrow SOICRoHS-compliant package.

• Power saving : 1 sample/second (SPS) mode

EXAMPLE:

Name 16 Bit digital temperature sensor

Model name SO8
Part number ADT7410
Manufacture name

Manufacture website website

Retailer name

Retailer website website

Approximate price 1: $3.82.

Data sheet URL data sheet

Applications Mechanical engineering field , cooling & heating

systems.
2. Proximity sensors.

Brief description about proximity sensor functionality:

- Sensors that convert the movement of an object into a signal .

- It can detect the objects around without any physical touch .

- These sensors consist of many types : capacitive, inductive , photoelectric and ultra-
sonic . Use electromagnetic fields , sound , and light of detecting the movement of

the objects in the environment around it.

EXAMPLE:

Name Texas instrument proximity sensor.

Model name Inductive proximity sensor AFE.

Part number LMP91300NHZR

Manufacture name

Manufacture website website

Retailer name
Mouser electronics

Retailer website website

Approximate price 1: $6.83

Data sheet URL data sheet

Applications Industrial production lines,Industrial automation.

Important technical parameters about our example :

• Supports NPN / PNP modes.

• Low power consumption .

• 3-wire capability .

3. Light sensors .
Brief description about light sensor functionality:

- Devices that converts light of the wavelengths (energy) into electrical signals .

- Lights sensor are often called photo sensors.

- Light sensors are passive systems .

EXAMPLE;

Name light sensor

Model name Ambient light sensor (ALS) USON(6)
Part number OPT3001
Manufacture name

Manufacture website website

Retailer name

Retailer website website

Approximate price 1: $3.3

Data sheet URL data sheet

Applications Lightening control systems , Cameras.

Important technical parameters about our example :

• 5.5v tolerant I/O.

• Voltage range ( VDD TO GND) = -0.5V - 6V.

• Max current to any pin = 10 mA.

4. Angle sensors .

Brief description about angle sensor functionality:

- Measure the angle of the object position with respect to another position that is de-
termined .

- After that, it convert the measured angle into information can be presented on a ser-
ial data bus or a discrete connection with a module .

EXAMPLE:

Name Angle sensor

Model name GMR-based angular sensor for rotor position sensing

PG-DSO-8

Part number TLE5012B

Manufacture name

Manufacture website website

Retailer name

Retailer website website

Approximate price 1: $2.3

Data sheet URL data sheet

Applications Rotary switching , general angle sensing .

Important technical parameters about our example :

• Two separate highly accurate single bit SD-ADC.

• 0.25µm CMOS technology.

• Junction temperature (-40°C to 150°C ).

5. Humidity sensors.

Brief description about humidity sensor functionality:

- Measures the clamminess or the air temperature around its environment and con-
verts it into an electrical signal .

- Detect the changes that affect currents / temperature in the air .

EXAMPLE:

Name Relative humidity sensor

Model name HS1101LF

Part number HPP801A031

Manufacture name
TE-Connectivity

Manufacture website website

Retailer name

Retailer website website

Approximate price 1 : $6.46

Data sheet URL data sheet

Applications Printer , meteorology & automotive.

Important technical parameters about our example :

• Compatible with automatized assembly processes .`

• Operating temperature [ -160—40 ] °C.

• Humidity operating range (RH) [ 0—100] %RH.

• Supply voltage peak (10 vac ).


6. Pressure sensors .

Brief description about pressure sensor functionality:

- Acts like a transducer .

- Converts the pressure into analog signal and produces the signal as a function of
the detected pressure .

- Measles fluid/gas flow.

EXAMPLE:

Name pressure sensor .

Model name Digital barometric pressure sensor DPS368.

Part number DPS368XTSA1

Manufacture name

Manufacture website website

Retailer name ARROW .

Retailer website website

Approximate price 1 : $4.83

Data sheet URL data sheet

Applications Smart watches , drones & healthcare .

Important technical parameters about our example :

• Temperature range [ -40°C— 85 °C ]

• Temperature accuracy = ± 0.5) °C.

• Operation range pressure: [300hPa –1200hPa ] .

7. Motion sensor .

Brief description about motion sensor functionality:

- Detect the physical movement of an object within its environment.

- It detect motions by alterations in the frequencies the emit .

- The main element part in the motion sensor circuit is the dual infrared reflective sen-
sor or any other detecting sensor .

EXAMPLE:

Name Motion sensor

Model name Board mount motion and position sensor 10mm.

Part number MA40S4R

Manufacture name

Manufacture website website

Retailer name
TTI.

Retailer website website

Approximate price min (10) : $3.575

Data sheet URL data sheet

Applications Obstacle detection in home , distance measure-

ment

Important technical parameters about our example :

• Temperature range [ -40 °C— 85 °C ]

• Sensitivity = -63dB typ (0dB=10V/Pa)

• Capacitance tolerance ( ±20%).

8. Accelerometers.

Brief description about accelerometers functionality :

- Measures the acceleration forces like static , gravity.

- The working principle about accelerometers is such as a dumped mass on a

spring ,when acceleration is detected by this sensor, the mass gets displaced till the
spring can move the mass with the same rate equal to the detected acceleration .

EXAMPLE:

Name Accelerometer

Model name TO-5 3-Wire voltage output accelerometer 805M1

Part number 805M1-0050

Manufacture name
TE-Connectivity
Manufacture website website
Retailer name

Retailer website website

Approximate price 1 : $110.22

Data sheet URL data sheet

Applications Machine monitoring , embedded sensing solution

Important technical parameters about our example :

• Bandwidth [ 0.3 khz - 10 khz ] .

• Voltage supply range [ 18 V - 30 V ].

• Sensitivity = 100 mV/g.

• Acceleration range ±50g.

9. Ultrasonic sensor .

Brief description about ultrasonic functionality :

- Producing sound waves at a vey high levels of frequencies humans that

can’t hear .

- Then the humans wait for the waves to be reflected back, calculating the
distance with respect to wave traveling time .

- Similar to radar, which measures the time it takes a radio wave to be re-
flected back.

EXAMPLE:

Name Ultrasonic sensor.

Model name None invasive air bubble level detector MEAS AD-101

Part number 071-06403

Manufacture name
TE-Connectivity
Manufacture website website
Retailer name

Retailer website website

Approximate price 1 : $113.7

Data sheet URL data sheet

Applications Chemical analysis , food processing & smart farm-

ing.

Important technical parameters about our example :

• High noise immunity to EMI/RFI.

• Temperature range [ 0 — 40 ] °C.

• Input [ 5 — 24 ] VDC.

• Response time = 0.2ms.


10. Color sensor.

Brief description ultrasonic functionality :

- Detects the color in the surface usually in RGB scale.

- The output is a color which is the result between the interaction between
a light source and an object .

- Works by shining a white color to the surface of an object and then

recording the reflected color using a specific colorful filters through a
photodiode converts the amount of light to a current.

- Finally the converter converts the current into voltage which our Arduino
can read.

EXAMPLE:

Name Color sensor

Model name Datalogic color sensor

Part number S65-PA-5-V19-NNN

Manufacture name Datalogic.

Manufacture website website

Retailer name
Valinonline.

Retailer website website

Approximate price 1 : $565.80.

Data sheet URL data sheet

Applications Packaging lines ,contrast reading & automatic ma-

chine.

Important technical parameters about our example :

• NPN output with maximum DC voltage = 30V & min= 10V.

• Temperature range [ -10 — 55 ] °C.

• Maximum power consumption = 0.06A & reaction time = 0.335ms.

➡ References :

embedded sensor defenition.

embedded sensor defintion(2)

embedded sensor defintion(3)

Temperature sensor

Proximity sensor

light sensor

angle and position sensor

humidty sensor

Pressure sensor(1)

pressure sensor(2)

motion sensor working principle

accelerometers

ultrasonic sensor (1)

ultrasonic sensor (2)

color sensor (1)

color sensor(2)