© ENERGY CONSCIOUS DESIGN A Primer for Architects fp ls of i, , Commission of t ene jb Y / 4 4 Vy yj ] Ma : GA y : Qme cee ENERGY CONSCIOUS DESIGN A PRIMER FOR ARCHITECTS EDITED By JOHN R.GOULDING J. OWEN LEWIS THEO C.STEEMERS written by Architecture et Climat, Centre de Recherches en Architecture, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium. Produced & coordinated by The Energy Research Group, School of Architecture, University College Dublin. Richview, Clonskcagn, IRL-Dubiin 14. Publication No, EUR 19445 of the Comrrission ot the European Gortmuntties, Scientific and Technical Cornmunication Unit, Diectorate- General Telecommunication. Information and Innevation, Luxembourg. @ECSC-EEC-EAEC 1992, Brussels and Luxembourg First published 1982 Allsights reserved, No part of his publication may be reproduced. In any form or by any means, wthout permission from the publisher ‘Typeset by iho Energy Research Group, School of Architecture, University College Dublin and printed in Singapore Published by BT. Balstord Ltd, 4 Fitzhardinge Street, London W1H OAH for the COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Directorate General Xl for Science, Research and Development within the SOLINFO Action of the Solar Eneray Applications to Buildings Programme managed by Thee C. Sicomers at the Commission and Directorate General XIII for Telecommunications, Information Technology and Innovation ‘within ine Research Dissemination: Energy Etficient Building project ofthe VALUE programme {specitic programme for the Dissemination and LUtisation of Community research results). A calalogue record for this book 1s available frorn the Bilish Library. ISBN 0 7134 69196 LEGAL NOTICE Neither the Commission of the European Communities nor any person ‘acting on behalf of the Commission is responsiole for the use which might bbe made of the information contained within.CONTENTS inTRODUCTION irnonucTion 1 awrmopuction 10 1 MACROCLIMATE 7 @ HEATING STRATEGY ‘7 THERMAL COMFORT 111 CLIMATE CONDITIONS SOLAR COLLECTION 51 THERMAL COMFORT 18 Transparent elomanis PARAMETERS 2 19 Opaque elements Metabo THE SUN: RADIATION 20 house ete Clotning TEMPERATURE 2 HEAT STORAG 7 Skintemperature ¥iN00 26 Direct storage Room temperature ee ce rect storage Rojaive numicty Storage materials iomperatue of paritions 2 MESOCLIMATE 29 HEATDISTRIBUTION 6 Airvolocty SOLAR RADIATION a Natural dstrbution THERMAL INDICE Tobidliy Thermociculat porative lemperature Geomotc abst HEAT CONSERVAT 2 Topography Reduction of transmission losses Prodi Vegetation Opaqe ments: ine sulci Transparent cements COMFORT 1 MPERATURE, 32 aii he man BIOCLIMATIC 116 opoeray vegetation SVISUAL COMFORT = 117 Ground surfaces S COOLING STRATEGY =: luminance Leve wine as SOLAR CONTAC 2 Topography Shading sr-courty temperature Special gazing ° sda at Shading by nearby buildings " HUMIDITY 36 PSS are Pen 9 BEHAVIOUR 14 i EXTERNAL GAINS ai opography arene ee "Yenomsin gens ~ Retiecton infiation gains Tomporaurs cfrences 8 “ ey Artificial lightin a MICROCLIMATE 4) Flares tis eevee IAB RADIATION 42 3 ors VENTILATION Ey Nearby builaings Reroamincors ect HUMIDITY, 42 ne presse ates NATURAL COOLING 36 Perceived level of coating 4 Cvolig of ination ar 8, 1a * Caolngal the building envelope Vegeta ° " : - eae 6 DAYLIGHTING 29 hah see 7 WTRODU 198 PECAN MICSEELMATES NERGY IMPLICATIONS CONCLUSION NITIONS AND UNITS u 134 vs ious efficacy of daytig 135 Huminance Luminance DAYLIGHT FACTORS 108 DAYLIGHTING DISTRIBUTION 107