Banks are large institutions which deal with several aspects of the economy of countries, individuals, and

monetary systems.
There are two types of banks:
1. Commercial banks (sometimes called clearing banks)
What is a Commercial Bank?

A commercial bank is a type of financial institution that accepts deposits; offers checking account services;
makes business, personal and mortgage loans; and savings accounts to individuals and small businesses. A
commercial bank is where most people do their banking (operaciones bancarias).

How a Commercial Bank Makes Money

Commercial banks make money by providing loans and earning interest income from those loans.
The types of loans a commercial bank can issue vary and may include mortgages, auto loans,
business loans and personal loans. A commercial bank may specialize in just one or a few types
of loans. 

Customer deposits, such as checking accounts, savings accounts, and money market accounts,
provide banks with the capital to make loans. Customers who deposit money into these accounts
effectively lend money to the bank and are paid interest. However, the interest rate paid by the
bank on money they borrow is less than the rate charged on money they lend. When a commercial
bank lends money to a customer, it charges a rate of interest that is higher than what the bank
pays its depositors.

Por ejemplo, supongamos que un cliente compra un Certificado de Deposito de cinco años por $
10,000 a un banco comercial a una tasa de interés anual del 2%. El mismo día, otro cliente recibe
un préstamo automotriz a cinco años por $ 10,000 del mismo banco a una tasa de interés anual
del 5%. Suponiendo un interés simple , el banco paga al cliente del Certificado de deposito $
1,000 durante cinco años, mientras que cobra $ 2,500 del cliente del préstamo automotriz. La
diferencia de $ 1,500 es un ejemplo de margen (o ingreso neto por intereses) y representa
ingresos para el banco.
The amount of money earned by a commercial bank is known as net interest income. 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i3mqIscOJKU

Clearing bank: when you receive a payment to through a check from another bank, i.e. different
from the bank in which you have deposit money, you can make cash in two ways:

The first option consist in Endorsing a check (means making a specific notation on the back of the
check so the financial institution will know what to do with it) you have to write your name, id and
your sing. Then , you give the check to the bank to make it cash. The cashier verifies that the
check has funds and that the sing and wording are correct, if everything is in order, the bank
proceeds to pay in cash.

The second option: it consist to deposit the check form another bank in the bank where you have
your deposit account. You have to wait 24 hours to be credited the money in your account. Thuis
is because your bank does not know if that checks has funds or if the signature is correct due to
this bank does not have access to the database from the other bank. As a result, this check is sent
to a process of clearing bank. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3f-69npr28

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oSdbUC2w-VE
COMPENSACION BANCARIA
es la conciliación entre las entidades financiera, en la compensación bancaria se compensan todos los
cheques que se encuentran en las diferentes entidades las cuales se llaman canje.
COMPENSACIÓN DE CHEQUES: Es el medio por el cual las instituciones bancarias hacen efectivo el
cobro de cheques de otra institución bancaria, a partir de un depósito efectuado por sus clientes con un
cheque emitido por otro Banco. El cheque es una forma de pago emitida desde una entidad hacia otra.
Representa un monto de dinero que será transferido desde la cuenta del deudor a la del acreedor. En varias
situaciones, un cheque es una forma de saldar deudas más segura que el efectivo dado que provee una
prueba de pago y sólo puede ser cobrado por la persona a nombre de la cual está emitido.
Identificación
Un cheque compensado hace referencia a uno que ya ha sido verificado por el banco del emisor y su pago ha
sido aprobado. Hay fondos necesarios en la cuenta del emisor y el cheque está bien.