‫"ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺷﺒﻜﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻫﻜﺸﻲ"‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﭼﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻫﻮﺍﺯ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺁﺏ‬

‫‪ ١٢‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ١٤‬ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ‪١٣٨٥‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬
‫ﭼﺎﻫﻚ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻮﭼﻬﺮ ﺣﻴﺪﺭﭘﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﻳﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ‪heidar@cc.iut.ac.ir‬‬
‫ﺟﻬﺎﻧﺸﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺭﻍﺍﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻫﻜﺸﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‬

‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻫﻜﺸﻲ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺿـﺮﻳﺐ ﻫـﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴـﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺧـﺎﻙ ﻣـﺸﺨﺺ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ‬
‫ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺳـﻌﺖ ‪ ١٥٠٠‬ﻫﻜﺘـﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﺍﻫﻮﺍﺯ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ‪ ١٥‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﭼﺎﻫﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺣﻔﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺭﺍ ‪ ٥٦‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻤﭙـﺎﮊ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﻪ‬
‫ﺧﻄﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ‪ ٠/٧٢‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ ‪ :‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻫﻜﺸﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﺿـﺮﻳﺐ ﻫـﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴـﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺯﻫﻜﺸﻲ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻖ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺻﺤﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﺏ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴـﺖ ﺭﻳـﺸﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻟﻲ ﻧﻀﻴﺮ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻫﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻴﺰﻭﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻫـﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺁﺑـﻲ ﺧـﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳـﺮ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ]‪ .[١٣‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤـﻖ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴـﺖ ﺭﻳـﺸﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ] ‪ ٥ ، ٣‬ﻭ ‪ ، [١٣‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﺮﻣﺎﻣﺘﺮ ﮔﻠﻒ]‪ [١٠‬ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ]‪ [٢‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻧـﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﺑـﺎﻻﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻧﻔـﻮﺫ ﻳﺎﻓﺘـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻫـﻚ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻃـﺮﺍﻑ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﺳﺖ]‪ .[١٢‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻋﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﺎﻓـﺖ ﺧـﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﺑـﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺷـﺒﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ]‪.[٩‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻮﺭﺷﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﭼﺎﻫﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺰﺭﻋﻪ ﺣﻔﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﻟﺨﻮﺍﻩ ﭘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﻮﺗـﺎﻩ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﺯﻣـﺎﻥ ﻻﺯﻡ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ]‪.[٢‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻱ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ )‪ (١٣٧٢‬ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺻﺤﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻭﺍﺭﻭﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻣﺎﻣﺘﺮ ﮔﻠـﻒ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺭﻭﺩﺷﺖ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﺷﻔﻲ ﭘـﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜـﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫)‪ (١٣٧٥‬ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﺣـﺴﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜـﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫)‪ (١٣٧٨‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺁﺑﮕﺬﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺷﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻼﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﮊﺋﻮﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴـﺴﺘﻴﻚ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻭﻩ )‪ (١٣٦٨‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺁﺑﮕﺬﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻭﺍﺭﻭﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺿـﺮﻳﺐ ﺁﺑﮕـﺬﺭﻱ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻨـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﺿﺎﺋﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ )‪ (١٣٧٥‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺯﻫﻜﺸﻲ ﺑﻴـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ‬
‫ﭼﺎﻫﻚ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ‪ ١٥٠٠‬ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﺍﻫـﻮﺍﺯ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪ ١٥‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﭼﺎﻫﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺣﻔﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﭼﺎﻫﻜﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜـﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣـﺪﻭﺩ ﻳـﻚ ﻛﻴﻠـﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﭼﺎﻫﻜﻬﺎ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻪ ﺑـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻫﻜﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ - ١‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻌﺖ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ‪ ١٥٠٠‬ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﻮﺏﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﺍﻫﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪ ١٥‬ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺣﻔﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﭼﺎﻫﻜﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﮔـﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻤـﻖ‬
‫‪ ٢/٥‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ‪ ٤/٥‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺣﻔﺮ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺍﻳـﺴﺘﺎﺑﻲ ﺑـﻴﻦ ‪ ٤‬ﺗـﺎ ‪ ٥‬ﻣﺘـﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺯﻣـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﭼﺎﻫﻜﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻫﻜﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - ٢‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ) ﭘﻮﺭﺷﻪ(‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﭼﺎﻫﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺰﺭﻋﻪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﺍﺵ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻻﻳـﻪ ﻓـﺸﺮﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻻ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺩﺭﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﺍﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻳﺰﺵ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻳﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺸﺒﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻧﺼﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﭘﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺩﺭﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ ،(١‬ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﺏ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ]‪.[٢‬‬
 ‫‪G.S‬‬

‫‪H‬‬
‫‪h0‬‬

‫‪ht‬‬

‫‪2r‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ)‪ :(١‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻒ ﺁﻥ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻳﺎﻓﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫(‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬

‫‪Q = K 2πrh + πr 2 = 2πKr  h + ‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‪،‬‬
‫‪ = Q‬ﺩﺑﻲ ﺁﺏ ﻧﻔﻮﺩ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ‬
‫‪ = K‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺧﺎﻙ‬
‫‪ = h‬ﻋﻤﻖ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ‬
‫‪ = r‬ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻮﺷﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪dh‬‬
‫‪Q = −πr 2‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫‪dt‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ )‪ (١‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ )‪ (٢‬ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪2K‬‬ ‫‪dh‬‬
‫‪dt = −‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪h + r /2‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﮕﺮﺍﻝﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ )‪ (٣‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺪ )‪ h= h0‬ﻭ ‪ ( t= 0‬ﻭ )‪ h= h t‬ﻭ ‪ ( t= t‬ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫]‪1.15r [log( h0 + r / 2) − log(ht + r / 2‬‬
‫=‪K‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﻟﮕﺎﺭﻳﺘﻤﻲ ‪ h t+ r/2‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻟﮕﺎﺭﻳﺘﻤﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻭ ‪ t‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺭﺳـﻢ ﺷـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺐ ﺧﻂ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ‪ tgα‬ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪K = 1.15rtgα‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫‪ - ٣‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ‬
‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴـﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺧـﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺰﺭﻋـﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺳـﻄﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ‬
‫ﺁﺑﻲ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺁﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ‬
‫ﻭ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ]‬
‫‪ ٥ ، ٣‬ﻭ ‪.[١٣‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻭﻝ‪Tu≥3h :‬‬
‫‪ = Tu‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎﺑﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺎ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ )ﺷﻜﻞ)‪.((٢‬‬
‫‪ = h‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻒ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ‬
‫‪ Ln h / r +‬‬ ‫‪(h / r )2 + 1 − 1Q‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪K = 1440 ‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫‪2πh‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﻭﻡ‪3h>Tu≥h :‬‬
‫‪ 3Ln (h / r ) ‬‬
‫‪K = 1440‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫‪ πh(h + 2Tu )‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ )‪ (٦‬ﻭ )‪:(٧‬‬
‫‪ = K‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺯ )‪(m/day‬‬
‫‪ = h‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻒ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ )‪(m‬‬
‫‪ = r‬ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ )‪(m‬‬
‫‪ = Q‬ﺩﺑﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ )‪(m /min‬‬
‫‪3‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ K ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﻳـﻚ ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ‪ ٢٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴـﺮﻳﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻼﺡ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬
‫‪K20 µ 20 = KT µ T‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ = K20‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪ ٢٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ‬
‫‪ =KT‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪T‬‬
‫‪ = µ‬ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪ ٢٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ‬
‫‪ = µT‬ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪T‬‬

‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﻭﻡ‬

‫‪G.S‬‬ ‫‪Tu≥3h‬‬ ‫‪G.S‬‬ ‫‪3h >Tu≥h‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬
‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪h‬‬
‫‪Tu‬‬
‫‪Tu‬‬

‫‪2r‬‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎﺑﻲ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫‪2r‬‬

‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎﺑﻲ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ)‪ :(٢‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ‬
 ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴـﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ‪ K‬ﺑـﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭼﺎﻫـﻚ ﻣﻌﻜـﻮﺱ ﺩﺭ ‪ ١٥‬ﺍﻳـﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ )‪(١‬‬
‫ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ :(١‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪١١‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫‪١٣‬‬ ‫‪١٤‬‬ ‫‪١٥‬‬
‫)‪K1 (m/day‬‬ ‫‪٢/١٢‬‬ ‫‪١/٦٦‬‬ ‫‪٠/٦٣‬‬ ‫‪٠/٦٨‬‬ ‫‪٢/٨١‬‬ ‫‪٢/٨٣‬‬ ‫‪٢/٧٤‬‬ ‫‪١/١٥‬‬ ‫‪٠/٦٢‬‬ ‫‪١/٤٠‬‬ ‫‪٠/٨٩‬‬ ‫‪١/٩٦‬‬ ‫‪١/١٤‬‬ ‫‪٠/٦٦‬‬ ‫‪٠/٩٢‬‬
‫)‪K2 (m/day‬‬ ‫‪١/٦٣‬‬ ‫‪١/٠٧‬‬ ‫‪٠/٥٧‬‬ ‫‪٠/٨٣‬‬ ‫‪٢/٧٨‬‬ ‫‪١/٩١‬‬ ‫‪٢/١٢‬‬ ‫‪١/١٢‬‬ ‫‪٠/٨٩‬‬ ‫‪١/٥٤‬‬ ‫‪٠/٨٧‬‬ ‫‪٢/٢٥‬‬ ‫‪١/٠٦‬‬ ‫‪٠/٥٩‬‬ ‫‪١/٠٦‬‬
‫)‪K3 (m/day‬‬ ‫‪١/٥٠‬‬ ‫‪١/١١‬‬ ‫‪٠/٦٠‬‬ ‫‪٠/٩٣‬‬ ‫‪٢/٧٠‬‬ ‫‪١/٨٢‬‬ ‫‪٢/٤٠‬‬ ‫‪١/٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٠/٩٥‬‬ ‫‪٢/١٤‬‬ ‫‪٠/٧٦‬‬ ‫‪٢/٢٤‬‬ ‫‪١/١٠‬‬ ‫‪٠/٥٨‬‬ ‫‪١/١٨‬‬
‫)‪Kave(m/day‬‬ ‫‪١/٧٥‬‬ ‫‪١/٠٩‬‬ ‫‪٠/٦٠‬‬ ‫‪٠/٨١‬‬ ‫‪٢/٧٧‬‬ ‫‪٢/١٩‬‬ ‫‪٢/٤٣‬‬ ‫‪١/١٥‬‬ ‫‪٠/٩٢‬‬ ‫‪١/٧٠‬‬ ‫‪٠/٨٤‬‬ ‫‪٢/١٥‬‬ ‫‪١/١٠‬‬ ‫‪٠/٥٧‬‬ ‫‪١/٠٦‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (٢‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ‪ K‬ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭼﺎﻫـﻚ ﭘـﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌـﺪﻳﻞ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ‪ ٢٠0c‬ﺩﺭ ‪ ١٥‬ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ :(١‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪١١‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫‪١٣‬‬ ‫‪١٤‬‬ ‫‪١٥‬‬
‫)‪K(m/day‬‬ ‫‪٠/١٥‬‬ ‫‪٠/٢٤‬‬ ‫‪٠/١٠‬‬ ‫‪٠/٣٥‬‬ ‫‪٠/٨٤‬‬ ‫‪١/٣٦‬‬ ‫‪١/٢٧‬‬ ‫‪٠/٣٤‬‬ ‫‪٠/٩٠‬‬ ‫‪٠/٨٨‬‬ ‫‪٠/٢٣‬‬ ‫‪١/١‬‬ ‫‪٠/٥١‬‬ ‫‪٠/٤٩‬‬ ‫‪٠/٤٤‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ ،(٣‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻣﻌﻜـﻮﺱ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻤﭙـﺎﮊ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ ﭼﺎﻫـﻚ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻤﭙـﺎﮊ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ‪ ٥٦‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﭘﻤﭙﺎژ ﺑﮫ داﺧ ﻞ ﭼﺎھ ﻚ‬

‫ﭼﺎھ ﻚ ﻣﻌﻜ ﻮس‬
‫‪2.5‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪K(m/day‬‬

‫‪1.5‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪0.5‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎره اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٣‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻣﻌﻜـﻮﺱ ) ‪ ( Ki‬ﺑـﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻤﭙـﺎﮊ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ‬
‫ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ) ‪ ،( Kp‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٤‬ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎﺕ ‪ Ki‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪ Kp‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻠﻴـﻞ‬
‫ﺭﮔﺮﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﺯﺵ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻳﻚ ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﻪ ﺧﻄـﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺿـﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﻤﺒـﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬
‫‪ R= ٠/٧٢‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪Ki = 0.6561 + 1.2271K p‬‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2.5‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪Ki(m/day‬‬

‫‪1.5‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪0.5‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1.5‬‬
‫)‪Kp(m/day‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(٤‬ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ )‪ (Ki‬ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ )‪(Kp‬‬

‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﻭ ﭘﻤﭙـﺎﮊ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ‬
‫ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﺩﺭ ‪ ١٥‬ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻌﺖ ‪ ١٥٠٠‬ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﺍﻫﻮﺍﺯ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﻫﻤـﻮﺍﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻳﻜﻪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ‪ ٥٦‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣـﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺪﺳـﺖ ﺁﻣـﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻫـﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ‪،‬‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺧﻄﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ‪ ٠/٧٢‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬
‫ﺣﺴﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻣﻬﺪﻳﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻡ‪ .‬ﻡ‪ .١٣٧٨ .‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺁﺑﮕﺬﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺷﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﻳـﻼﻡ ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﮊﺋﻮﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﺴﺘﻴﻚ‪ .‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺷﺸﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﮕﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪.٣٠١-٢٩٣ .‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ )ﭘﻮﺭﺷﻪ(‪ ،١٣٧٥ ،‬ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ‪-١٧٤‬ﺍﻟﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‪ ،١٣٧٥ ،‬ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ‪-١٧٥‬ﺍﻟﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ﺭﺿﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻉ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺳﭙﺎﺳﺨﻮﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻉ‪ .‬ﺭ‪ .١٣٧٥ .‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺯﻫﻜﺸﻲ‪ .‬ﺳﻤﻴﻨﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﺳـﺮﻱ‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬
‫ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ‪ ١٠ ،‬ﻭ ‪ ١١‬ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻛﺎﺷﻔﻲ ﭘﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،.‬ﺍﺣﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻉ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺳﭙﺎﺳﺨﻮﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻉ‪ .١٣٧٥ .‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺧﺎﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﭘﻨﺠﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﮕﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪.‬‬
.‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺁﺑﮕﺬﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﺤﺮﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺁﺑﮕﺬﺭﻱ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻨـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﻓـﺖ ﺧـﺎﻙ‬.١٣٦٨ .‫ ﻑ‬،‫ ﻛﺎﻭﻩ‬-٦
.٤٣-٦٣ :(١٣)١٣ ، ‫ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ‬
‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺻﺤﺮﺍﺋﻲ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬.١٣٧٢ .‫ ﻥ‬،‫ ﻭ ﺣﺎﺟﻴﺎﻥ‬.‫ ﻑ‬.‫ ﺱ‬،‫ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻱ‬-٧
.٢٨١-٢٩٢ ،‫ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺳﻤﻴﻨﺎﺭ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻫﻜﺸﻲ‬.‫ﺭﻭﺩﺷﺖ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‬
8. Boersma, L. 1065. Field measurement of hydraulic conductivity above a water table. In: C. A. Black (ed.):
Methods of Soil Analysis, Part I. Agronomy 9:234- 252, Amer. Soc. Agron., Madison. Wis.
9. Larry, G. K. 1974. Drainage laboratory manual. Agriculturel and irrigation Eng. Dep., Utah State University,
Logan, Utah, U. S. A.
10. Luthin, J. N. 1978. Drainage Engineering. R. E. Krieger Publ. Co., Huntington, N. Y., 281 p.
11. Schilfgaarde, J. V. (ed.). 1974. Drainage for Agriculture. Agronomy No. 17, Amer. Soc. Agron., Madison,
Wis., 700p
12. United States Department of Interior, 1978. Drainage Manual. United States Government Printing Office,
Washington D. C., 286 P.
13. Visser, W. C. 1954. Tile drainage in the Netherlands. Neth. J. Agric. Sci. 2: 69-87.