Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
By Robert Christgau
When do we say television becomes a better writers Ian Dove and John dailies in their lowest-common-denom-
cultural reality? Around 1948, right? Rockwell until Rockwell came on staff inator caution resisted more recalci-
And when did The New York Times in 1974. trantly than the upmarket slicks. But I
radio columnist Jack Gould begin his By then—beginning with Richard believe the third reason was most
move to TV coverage? November 16, Goldstein of The Village Voice, whose important. Rock and roll was supposed
1947, with a review of the Theatre Guild Pop Eye column began in 1965—rock to be for kids.
production of a play called John criticism was epidemic. It was a staple Well, right. In the ’50s, rock and roll
Flaherty. Nor was Gould alone. John of the nascent alternative-weekly busi- was for kids. But even then that meant
Crosby of the New York Herald Tribune ness, de rigueur in short-lived lifestyle older kids, which is to say teenagers—
was only the most prominent of count- incipient adults. You’d think some jour-
less TV critics scattered at dailies nalistic visionary would have tried to
nationwide by the early ’50s.
It was, of course, the
instill the newspaper habit in this
When do we say rock and roll ’60s. The New demographic. Any failure to do so cer-
becomes a cultural reality? Around tainly rests more with such factors as
1955, right? And the first rock critic at a Journalism was in the the demon television and the imminent
daily paper? The locally beloved, demise of Western civilization than rock
nationally obscure Jane Scott, who was
air, along with loose talk
criticism or the lack thereof. Still, some
45 on September 15, 1964, when she of freedom, revolution alert, thoughtful, entertaining music
reviewed a Beatles concert, commenc- reviewing might have made a differ-
ing a long, effusive career at the and astrology. ence. Yet neither arts editors, with their
Cleveland Plain Dealer. Nationally, middlebrow prejudices, nor general edi-
however, this meant nothing. I’m aware monthlies like Eye and Cheetah, raison tors, with their hardboiled ones, seem to
of two generalists—downtown colum- d’etre in such fanzines-going-commer- have considered it.
nist Al Aronowitz of the New York Post cial as Paul Williams’ seminal Thus rock criticism underwent a
and, crucially, jazz critic Ralph J. Crawdaddy, Robert Somma’s cerebral journey rather different from that of
Gleason of the San Francisco Chronicle, Fusion and Dave Marsh’s gonzo Creem. film (which was helped along, as TV
later gray eminence at Rolling Stone— You could read it in Life (Albert criticism was later, by the movies’ links
who wrote about pop music occasional- Goldman), The New Yorker (Ellen to theater and hence literature). Strictly
ly. No doubt there were others, as well Willis), Saturday Review (Ellen speaking, film criticism had a prehistory
as classical dabblers (one was Robert Sander), and Esquire (myself ). And of in the trades, as did rock criticism, with
Micklin, who ceded Newsday’s rock beat course, rock criticism was the backbone rhythm-and-blues proponent Paul
to me in March 1972). But dedicated of the most successful magazine startup Ackerman of Billboard the key name.
critics? In the dailies? In the ’60s? Not of the late ’60s, Rolling Stone. Movie fan magazines began with
bloody likely. Stringer-turned-major- So why were the dailies so slow to Photoplay in 1911; date their musical
domo Robert Hilburn wasn’t hired to catch up? Beyond the home truth that, counterparts to the swing magazines of
replace forgotten stringer Pete Johnson artswise, the dailies are always slow, the ’30s or 1943’s Hit Parader. But by
at the Los Angeles Times until 1970. The there were three reasons. First, the spe- 1920, with the 1915 release of Birth of a
insufficiently legendary Lillian Roxon, a cial hold of classical music on the high- Nation a benchmark, the dailies had a
hip and sharp-tongued version of Scott brow sensibility should never be under- lock on the critical appraisal of cinema
till her death in 1973, was a pop special- estimated. Since opera and symphony in America, where the traditional news-
ist at Australia’s Sydney Morning seem the embodiment of genteel cul- paper standards that defined it as movie
Herald for years before she joined New ture, popular music of every kind, jazz reviewing predominated.
York’s Daily News in 1971. The New York included, has always gotten short shrift At the new music mags and alterna-
Times relegated its occasional daily rock critically. Second, rock criticism’s ’60s tive weeklies, no such standards were in
coverage to the dreadful freelancer Mike strongholds were mostly underground place. It was, of course, the ’60s. The
Jahn until 1972, then shared it between or counterculture, a formation the New Journalism was in the air, along
By Sasha Frere-Jones
Fiction critics are usually novelists. the club circuit. So without perceiving music works,” says Bruno, “it’s less
Poetry reviewers are, with very few it themselves, musician critics can important that critics know much
exceptions, poets. Nearly half of all art become champions of the obscure or about, say, harmony, than about record-
critics are also artists. But when you the technically proficient simply to ing technology.” As Grubbs adds, “I
look to the two commercial art forms realign the relation of their art to the have a decided preference for critics
that earn more than these three art world and to alleviate their personal who understand the nuts and bolts of
forms summed and cubed, something disappointment. Who can blame their given subject—not because years
funny happens. Film critics are rarely them? Move the goalposts and the spent in the salt mine confer authority,
directors or actors, and pop music crit- score changes. The problem here for a but rather because these things aid a
ics are rarely musicians. And though writer’s powers of description. Think of
some of my fellow musicians disagree, American Pastoral and Philip Roth
this seems appropriate. Film and pop learning how leather gloves are crafted.”
Pop is the eruption of an
are art forms that work quickly, and With professional frustrations set
through wide dispersal. Their impact unknown voice using aside, musician critics are well-suited
leapfrogs training or literacy. To under- to enrich critical analysis with insights
stand these forms is not necessarily to overlooked technology. into modes of production and the
know their blueprints but to be able to material basis of an aesthetic, the latter
absorb and understand their impact. an area of huge potential for pop criti-
Because I am both a musician and a musician who wants to be a critic is cism: What equipment has enabled
pop critic, I can count measures and that much musically innovative and what genres? What songs are being
subdivisions more easily than someone socially rich pop music—especially quoted in which other songs, and how
without any musical training. But my now—is a direct repudiation of the idea often? How common are certain rhyth-
ability to identify time signatures of an apprenticed, learned craft. Just as mic patterns, and where did they first
doesn’t necessarily put me ahead of any it would be a mistake to let, say, con- appear? Too often, though, the musi-
other critic with good ears and a lot of servative economist Francis Fukuyama cian critic reaches for a form of self-
energy. Pop music and film replicate review a book by Marxists Michael pity common to many craftspeople
because of their immediacy. Image and Hardt and Antonio Negri—not that rubbing against the digital age. “You
sound both have global transparency. such a blatant editorial mistake would try it” was the refrain I heard from
You don’t need to know where Britney happen at a major newspaper in many musician critics, indicating dis-
Spears learned her trade to participate 2004—professional musicians are pre- taste for both critics who don’t play an
fully in her work, to access the zing of a cisely the last people who should instrument—critics could easily
song like Toxic. And though an analysis review popular music. Pop is the erup- respond, “You try going to 200 shows a
of the song’s chromatic loop-de-loops tion of an unknown voice using over- year”—and players succeeding in a
might be pointed and interesting, it looked technology. Knowing how it musical field the musician perceives as
will likely speak to a narrative of pro- usually goes is exactly what you inimical to their training. The trained
duction that runs alongside the text don’t want. jazz improvisers resent the hip-hop
but doesn’t necessarily relate to how Musician critics may let their pro- artists who don’t play an instrument
the text lives and bounces around in fessional bias discolor critique some- but sell records, the hip-hop artists
the world. times, but they also have a body of resent the rock bands who receive
Pop is an art form built by and for material knowledge that can enhance more press coverage, the indie artists
amateurs, who are sometimes remu- the discourse around pop music. resent the critics for pointing out
nerated on a scale beyond the ken of Musician critics David Grubbs and where the indie artist went to college.
professionals in any field. Faced with Franklin Bruno remind us that there Musicians, not surprisingly, take music
this extreme social algorithm, profes- are fruitful ways for a musician to use fairly personally.
sional musicians often resent their specialized knowledge as a booster for But so does everybody. That’s what
time in expensive music schools and on analysis. “Probably, given how popular makes it popular music. Like others,
By Joseph Horowitz
William James Henderson’s review familiarity with Longfellow’s The In spite of all assertion to the
of the premiere of Dvorak’s Symphony Song of Hiawatha, which all liter- contrary, the plantation songs of
“From the New World” in The New York ate Americans once knew]. It is a the American negro possess a strik-
Times of Dec. 17, 1893, is one of the picture of the peace and beauty of ing individuality. No matter
most impressive feats in the history of today colored by a memory of sor- whence their germs came, they
American musical journalism. rows gone that the composer has have in their growth been subjected
Henderson begins: given us at the beginning and end to local influences which have
of his second movement. made of them a new species. That
The attempt to describe a new species is the direct result of causes
musical composition may not be It should not surprise climatic and political, but never
quite so futile as an effort to photo- anything else than American. Our
graph the perfume of a flower, yet us that this great era South is ours. Its twin does not
it is an experiment of similar exist. Our system of slavery, with all
nature. Only an imperfect and per- in American music its domestic and racial conditions,
haps misleading idea of the char- criticism—the 1890s— was ours, and its twin never exist-
acter of so complex a work of art as ed. Out of the heart of this slavery,
a symphony can be conveyed was equally a great era environed by this sweet and lan-
through the medium of cold type; guorous South, from the canebrake
yet when there is no other way, in American classical and the cotton field, arose the
even that must be tried. music. Critics were spontaneous musical utterance of a
people. That folk music struck an
There follows a detailed account— focused on the creative answering note in the American
of origins and intentions, methodology heart. . . . If those songs are not
and programmatic allusions—that to act—and so were con- national, then there is no such
this day may be the most evocative ductors, orchestras thing as national music. It is a fal-
description of Dvorak’s symphony ever lacy to suppose that a national song
penned. No one has more eloquently and audiences. must be one which gives direct and
put into words the polyvalence of the intentional expression to a patriotic
famous Largo, in which the influences sentiment. A national song is one
of plantation song and Hiawatha inter- that is of the people, for the people,
mingle. “It is,” writes Henderson, “an But Henderson’s review is most by the people. The negroes gave us
idealized slave song made to fit the remarkable where it deals with the this music and we accepted it, not
impressive quiet of night on the question most debated about this work with proclamations from the
prairie.” He continues: a century ago: “Is it American?” housetops, but with our voices and
Boston’s critics would answer: No. To our hearts in the household. Dr.
When the star of empire took Philip Hale, of The Boston Home Dvorak has penetrated the spirit of
its way over those mighty Western Journal, Dvorak was a naive interloper, this music, and with themes suit-
plains, blood and sweat and agony a “negrophile” susceptible to the notion able for symphonic treatment, he
and bleaching human bones that “the future of American music has written a beautiful symphony,
marked its course. Something of rests on the use of Congo, North which throbs with American feel-
this awful buried sorrow of the American Indian Creole, Greaser and ing, which voices the melancholy of
prairie must have forced itself Cowboy ditties, whinings, yawps, and our Western wastes, and predicts
upon Dr. Dvorak’s mind when he whoopings.” New York critics disagreed, their final subjection to the
saw the plains after reading “The none more inspirationally than tremendous activity of the most
Famine” [Henderson here assumes Henderson: energetic of all peoples.
By M.J. Andersen
In the fall of 2002, Robert Melee’s ested, somewhat informed, and would same breath, they work to justify their
mother was for sale. The cost was like to know more. Often, we also have jobs. Small wonder, then, that most
$6,000 an hour, during which time you no clue about how to evaluate much of placed a premium on the freedom to
could do with her as you chose. what we see. Outsiders sense that more simply describe work and attempt to
Evidently no takers emerged. And it is might be said about the work of Robert place it in context. Fully two-thirds of
no surprise, considering the frightful Melee than “Yuck.” (Eeeee-uw! for those polled claimed a kind of booster
figure Mom cut at the opening of instance.) And so, for help, we turn to role for themselves. The real stunner
Melee’s show “You Me and Her’’ at the the critic. Usually we do not turn to the was that only 27 percent felt it impor-
Andrew Kreps Gallery in New York’s insiders who write for such specialty tant to determine the quality of the art
Chelsea neighborhood. For there she they described. Job insecurity may
sat, in an elevated glass box, clad in Pity the poor mainstream account for some of the reluctance to
nothing more than a boa and fishnet judge. But not all. It is therefore worth
hose. art critic. He or she tills asking whether the working conditions
A grappling with Mommy across that confront most critics today have
many media, Melee’s exhibition includ-
marginal soil, despite an produced a kind of critical vacuum (the
ed paintings, mobiles and video pieces. explosion in art produc- occasional diatribe notwithstanding),
The ensemble functioned as a kind of and whether that in turn has led to a
creepy burlesque show on parent-child tion in recent years. decline in what art aspires to, even as
relations, with an indictment of subur- the quantity of art itself soars.
bia thrown in for good measure. High as journals as Artforum, Art in America or
the yuck factor was, inscrutability ran a ARTnews—lovely as those folks may A critic who is inclined to sort
solid second: I visited the show one be—but to critics writing for main- through and judge, to evaluate tech-
afternoon when Melee’s mother was stream publications: the newspapers nique, ponder an artist’s intent, discern
absent, and wandered through with no and general-interest magazines that ori- attempts to grapple with or reject fore-
sense of who the specified “Her” might ent us quickly on a range of subjects. bears, has her work cut out for her. No
be. (A transsexual in a fright wig? Or Pity the poor mainstream art critic. coherent movements in the making of
was that her actual hair?) He or she tills marginal soil, despite an art currently exist. At the same time, art
I am not, by profession, an art critic. explosion in art production in recent history is long and growing longer. A
But as an editorial writer for a mid- years. The National Arts Journalism tradition once confined largely to draw-
sized daily, I am convinced that visual Program’s 1999 study, Reporting the ing, painting and sculpture fractured
environments have more to do with our Arts, found that mainstream publica- decades ago, spawning a variety of new
cultural identity, and hence our politics, tions allot to the visual arts the least forms: conceptual and performance
than most public-policy devotees might space of nearly any art form. (Film is the pieces, earth works, video art. The 2002
allow. And so I look—at museum shows, big leader.) Not surprisingly then, for Whitney Biennial suggested that the
at work in galleries, at billboards, movie the critic, economic insecurity is part of parameters for what may be considered
posters and window displays, even at the game. NAJP’s The Visual Art Critic art are broader than even the most up-
color schemes in hotel lobbies (where (2002) found that most practitioners at to-date critic might allow. The biennial
mauve, I am glad to report, has at last the more than 250 publications studied featured, among other things, a project
died a much-deserved death). are freelancers. Of those who have full- by the Auburn University School of
If we can speak of “outsider” artists, time positions, many are obliged to Architecture to make houses for the
why not outsider critics? I consider cover other subjects. rural poor out of recycled materials. The
myself one of the latter, and will admit Overwhelmingly, critics reported show’s curator, Lawrence Rinder,
to all the implied deficiencies. The feeling a burden to explain why visual asserts that the bounds of artistic prac-
beauty of this designation is that it cov- art mattered. In other words, not only tice and experience are even more capa-
ers most people who make up the do art critics feel perpetually called on cious than the biennial survey proposed.
potential audience for art: We are inter- to justify the work they review; in the This explosion of forms has
By Robert Brustein
Once upon a time in America, theater Bazaar and The Village Voice. And there for higher theatrical standards and
criticism was a universal practice. was also Theatre Arts Magazine, a rela- greater dramatic complexity. Now I had
During the 1960s and ’70s, every news- tively high-circulation journal totally a visible weekly platform, right next to
paper and commercial magazine had devoted to stories about the American Stanley Kauffmann’s film column, from
regular drama critics, and most small theater. which to inveigh against the vulgarity
publications and scholarly journals The beginning of my time at The and greed of the commercial stage.
devoted significant space to what was New Republic corresponded with a My timing was fortuitous, for my
happening in New York City. resurgence of highbrow criticism in a very first review, in September 1959,
At the time, four major newspapers field that most intellectuals had previ- was of an event that proved to be a bea-
were being published in the city, each ously scorned. It was a time when young con of the off-Broadway movement, the
with an influential reviewer. True, there Living Theatre’s production of Jack
were not as many as in previous It was a time when Gelber’s The Connection. All of the
decades, when seven newspaper critics major newspaper critics had panned
ruled Broadway. But the shrinking of young Turks at smaller this Beckett-inspired play about the
the newspaper world didn’t diminish its publications were narcotic haze of drug addiction. But
fascination with the stage. The pages along with a number of other critics
that The New York Times now calls Arts agitating for a whole from smaller publications, I found this
and Leisure were then known simply as play to be a breakthrough in its natural-
the Theatre section, devoted primarily new kind of theater— ist staging and writing as well as a
to reports on plays and interviews with engaged, experimental, gauntlet thrown in the face of the whole
playwrights (today, the same pages are theater establishment. It was the very
largely devoted to features on action impudent, irreverent opposite of a well-made Broadway arti-
movies and warring rap stars). During fact; Pirandello-like, it invaded the
that period, The New Yorker, Time and and smart. audience’s space, not only breaking
Newsweek were growing almost as influ- through the fourth wall but following
ential as the dailies; George Jean Turks at smaller publications were agi- you into the lobby. Between Donald
Nathan was still holding forth in tating for a whole new kind of theater— Malcolm’s review in The New Yorker and
Esquire; and even the little magazines engaged, experimental, impudent, irrev- write-ups in The Nation and The New
were beginning to have some impact. erent and smart. Broadway had gotten Republic, the play managed to catch on
Before I began reviewing for The tired. At one time it had combined pas- and capture an audience—perhaps the
New Republic in 1959, Stark Young and sion for musical megahits with toler- first time that small-press reviewers had
Eric Bentley had been its well-respected ance for more serious work, whereas been able to overturn an unfavorable
theater critics. Mary McCarthy was now it seemed more and more driven by mainstream judgment.
scorching theatrical earth for the the box office. If there was any art or During the early ’60s the most influ-
Partisan Review; Richard Hayes was intellect to be found in New York the- ential drama critic was writing not for
composing very stylish columns for ater, you had to look off-Broadway. the Times but for the New York Herald-
Commonweal; Harold Clurman was ful- I came to The New Republic very Tribune, namely Walter Kerr. Kerr was
minating brilliantly in The Nation and much under the influence of my prede- an intelligent critic whose eloquent
Kenneth Tynan was just beginning his cessor, Eric Bentley, who in 1946 had prose style embodied decidedly
legendary tenure at The New Yorker, stunned academics and intellectuals by Philistine views, further limited by his
bringing cosmopolitanism, passion and identifying the playwright as a “thinker.” strict Catholic upbringing. Always ready
wit to that magazine’s rather empty I added my two cents in 1958 with a to praise some escapist musical or
urbanity. In addition to regular reviews, piece called “The Theatre Is Losing Its domestic comedy, he persistently
articles on the theater were frequently Minds,” along with some analytical arti- panned anything by the great mod-
being featured in such publications as cles on the current Broadway scene for ernists Ibsen, Strindberg, Chekhov and
Harper’s, The Atlantic, Life, Harper’s Commentary and Harper’s that pleaded Pirandello; totally missed the boat on
By Robert Campbell
My favorite definition of a critic is by “framed” experience. When you look at a more recently to architecture. It too has
the French author Anatole France, who painting, you see it in a frame. It is become frameable and signable. We
wrote, “A good critic is one who framed off in space. When you go to a have found a way to rip the building out
describes his adventures among master- movie, it begins and ends. It is framed of its context in time and space. The
pieces.” off in time. Buildings, however, are change here, of course, came with the
That’s the ideal. Good criticism isn’t framed neither in time nor in space. arrival of contemporary media, especial-
a judicial system or a system of punish- They exist in relatively stable relation to ly with the invention of photography in
ment. As a critic, you shouldn’t be pri- their spatial context, especially the con- the nineteenth century and the rise,
marily a member of the taste police. You starting about 1930, of architectural
should be a fan, an appreciator, an photography as a profession of highly
enthusiast, someone able to awaken It is the quality of the skilled practitioners. Photography is the
your readers to the wonder of the world removal of context. A photograph of a
as it is as well as the wonder of how
world of interactive work of architecture frames it off from
much better it could become. My spaces that matters the world and freezes it at a single
favorite example in any field is the moment in time.
American critic Randall Jarrell, who most, not the aesthetics We now live in a culture so pervaded
wrote about poetry with a sense of by media that we barely notice it. It is a
shocked and delighted discovery. It’s
of this or that world of framed images in our maga-
easier to raise people’s standards by individual building. zines, on our screens, and increasingly in
admiring what’s good than by knocking our imaginations. We have therefore
what’s bad. come to think of buildings as we think of
Architectural criticism is in some text of other buildings. And they exist paintings. We think of them as existing
ways unique. Other critics are, to a large indefinitely in time. not in a specific time and place, but in
extent, consumer guides. They help you It’s helpful to remember that this the worldwide media stream of images.
decide which play to see, concert to used to be true of painting as well. I’m often reminded, in this connec-
attend, book to read or restaurant to try. Before the Renaissance, a painting tion, of the Smith house, designed by the
Architecture is not “consumed” in the invariably existed in some permanent architect Richard Meier and built in the
same way. Except in the case of an occa- relation to a cultural and physical con- mid-sixties on the coast of Connecticut.
sional spectacular and heavily hyped text. Perhaps it was an altarpiece, inte- I’ve never been there, and neither has
new art museum, we don’t normally buy gral with its church, meant not as an art- anyone else I know. But it is familiar to
a ticket to see a building. The question, work to be appreciated in isolation but every architect in the world, at least
therefore, is why have architecture crit- rather as an illustration of the meaning those of my generation, through photo-
ics at all? What is their purpose? of Christianity. Or it was a mural, or a graphs by the great architectural pho-
I think it is to stimulate a conversa- floor mosaic, or a decorative frieze, all of tographer Ezra Stoller.
tion in society about what constitutes a them permanently attached to some In this case, it seems to me that the
good place for human beings to live and larger place and system of values. image, not the house, is the end product
work in. A work of architecture must Then it dawned on someone in the of the design process. The house
always be understood as a contributing Renaissance that you could take the becomes merely a means to the image.
part of something larger than itself. It’s painting off the wall, frame it, sign it and The image is a far more potent and
rare that it can usefully be evaluated as send it out to the marketplace, where it influential presence in world culture.
an isolated art object. could be sold. Painting changed forever. Inevitably, once that’s realized, architects
For that reason, I think architecture Now you could talk about an Uccello or begin to design with an eye to the even-
critics go astray when they imitate critics a Kandinsky as a commodity, as a brand- tual photograph.
of other arts. The experience of works of name product. Art exists in order to be appreciated.
art other than architecture is normally a Something similar has happened It is a grave error, but one commonly
The woman’s lips are lush and insis- Of course, such a claim would be pure in Minneapolis, says general television
tent. “I confess I love that which caress- fiction. For the most part, TV simply coverage of the arts has decreased over
es me,” they say. The tightly framed shot ignores such subjects as theater, dance, the past decade. Even classical music—
of her face is a pretty good way to snare visual arts and—God forbid—poetry. one of the fine arts thought to be best-
your garden-variety channel surfer. Her And when the attempt is made, it often suited to television—dropped 8 percent
mouth is full and sensuous, her voice falls flat. A fixed camera tries to capture in terms of media-participation rates
dramatic and beckoning. “Stand up and a theater performance. A dancer keeps between 1992 and 2002, as compared
look at me, face-to-face, friend-to- getting lost on a dark stage. A large and to 1982-1992. The 2002 Survey of
friend,” the lips continue. And even resonant painting looks flat and unin- Public Participation in the Arts indicat-
though we simply see a person talking— ed that only 18 percent of the popula-
no sex, no violence, none of the frenetic tion, or 37 million people, viewed a clas-
stuff to which television audiences are How dare this show sical music performance at least once on
said to be addicted with the passion of TV, video or DVD in a 12-month period.
crack addicts—there’s something about
be so intriguing—and “We can presume that the media, by
the intensity of her delivery that makes so fluent in the and large being a for-profit media, don’t
the moment compelling. Even the most see there’s a profit in this,” says Gray, cit-
disinterested observer might linger. language of television— ing a study he and Joni Maya Cherbo
Can TV cover the fine arts? Sure it conducted for the National Endowment
can. But it’s so rare we’ve almost forgot-
that it tricks me into for the Arts based on the 2002 survey.
ten it can be done. As the lips segment watching something “And the non-profit media became a
continues, it’s a mystery as to what it’s smaller percentage of the total.”
all about until we are introduced to about poetry? So much for the giddy assumption,
Robert Pinsky, a former United States when cable first appeared, that more
poet laureate, framed in a more stan- teresting on the small screen. channels would mean better coverage of
dard interview shot in which we can see “I think that arts programming on such niche markets as the fine arts.
his entire face and upper body. “The commercial television doesn’t necessari- How much “A” is left in the A&E net-
medium for a poem,” he says, “is breath.” ly work,” says Shari Levine, a vice presi- work these days?
Yes, the subject is poetry. On televi- dent and executive producer at Bravo. As for network TV, you can pretty
sion. This piece—on WGBH-TV’s “It just doesn’t have a big enough audi- much forget about it, except for such
acclaimed Greater Boston Arts, which ence. We’ve done opera in prime time— holdovers as the venerable Sunday
features people from all walks of life the viewer wasn’t interested.” Morning show on CBS, which still man-
reciting the words of Sappho and oth- Though Levine says there aren’t ages to work in an arts-related segment
ers—is devoted to what some would hard statistics available on how much most weeks.
consider to be among the least telegenic Bravo has shifted away from fine-arts On one hand, some think that the
of topics. You can almost sense the casu- offerings in the last five years, she notes less arts coverage on TV the better, sim-
al channel surfer, for whom fine-arts that the network—which is home to ply because the medium can’t do justice
coverage on television is synonymous such shows as Queer Eye for the Straight to the subject. “Normally television—
with stuffy Masterpiece Theatre reruns Guy—now positions itself as a main- even public television—should be kept
and poorly lighted ballet recitals, recoil- stream-entertainment channel. Even as far away from art as a convicted child
ing in horror. How dare this show be so when audiences do flock to, say, The molester should from a neighborhood
intriguing—and so fluent in the lan- Three Tenors on PBS, most of their playground,” wrote Christopher Knight,
guage of television—that it tricks me members are over 55—not the a fine-arts critic for the Los Angeles
into watching something about poetry? sort of viewers that commercial net- Times, in 2003. “Mass culture thrives
It would be nice to think that poetry works crave. on piety, genuine or fake, and piety suf-
is being covered in seductively creative Charles M. Gray, a professor of eco- focates art.” Others say it might be more
ways on television all across the country. nomics at the University of St. Thomas useful to think of television not as a sub-
By Douglas Wolk
A line that snakes around the block are increasingly suspicious of them— happening in their community—at the
for hours leads to a manhole, through partly because their cultural world is most basic level that’s their job.”
which people climb down to an aban- being ignored. What’s a paper to do? Those stories don’t often come
doned 19th-century train tunnel filled “You can’t really cover something prepackaged as press releases or as list-
with a tunnel-themed art-and-video unless you have someone who’s invest- ings from regular advertisers and well-
show; no newspaper covers it. More ed in it,” says Jeff Stark, editor of established venues. Flyers—especially
than a thousand people crowd into a “Nonsense NYC,” an e-mail omnium- in record stores, no matter what medi-
warehouse basement in which artists gatherum of unusual and uncategoriz- um they’re promoting—and word of
are displaying their work everywhere, able New York events, which is sent out mouth are the traditional tools of the
musical and acrobatic performances are underground, but new culture is
happening in multiple rooms, and the “If you’re interested in increasingly publicized, discussed and
bar is serving absinthe; no newspaper evaluated on the Internet—sometimes
has even been notified that it’s happen- covering the arts, you on e-mail lists like “Nonsense NYC,”
ing. A truck with a sound system pulls sometimes on Web sites. As Robert
up to the front of the public library, and
have to be going out to Kimberly puts it, “An Internet presence
100 people sitting on the steps abruptly find them. They don’t is the reverse of a mass mailing: You
burst into an elaborately choreographed only have to create it once for anyone
five-minute dance routine, then dis- come and find you.” to see it.”
perse; organizers are careful not to let Kimberly runs a Weblog called “Las
the news media know about it. At a every week with the note that “you do Vegas Arts and Culture” that he started
“subway party” in San Francisco, a not have permission to use any of the in the fall of 2003 to cover his city’s
reporter introduces himself as being listings for your commercial publica- scene, which he thinks its newspapers
from The New York Times, tries to tion.” Stark has been on both sides of neglect. “This will sound terrible, but I
interview participants and finds himself the underground/journalism divide. A don’t subscribe to the local papers,” he
shunned as a tool of the corporate press. former editor at Salon.com, he’s also says. “I don’t find anything of interest
There’s always more interesting art one of the people behind the Mad- in them.” He launched the site, with
going on in any city than a newspaper agascar Institute, a wildly inventive free software from Apple and a free
has room to cover. Especially in the last Brooklyn arts collective that had never account from Blogger, in response to a
10 years or so, the arts and culture been mentioned in the Times until the specific event: Survival Research Labs,
underground has fallen out of touch group’s director, Chris Hackett, injured the infamous Bay Area robots-and-
with newspapers to the point where himself and attracted the FBI’s atten- explosives group, had planned a large-
dailies and even alternative weeklies tion with an accidental explosion in scale performance in Las Vegas, “and a
may not be in the loop about signifi- January 2004. lot of people didn’t know about it—and
cant artists and events, while the “If I was a music editor at a major they were people I knew would love it.
Internet is becoming the preferred daily,” Stark says, “I’d never hire anyone I thought, this is the final straw.”
source of information for young read- who didn’t go out at least four times a Heidi Calvert, who runs the multi-
ers. Artists who operate below the week. Journalists can get really lazy— purpose art space Bluespace, in Los
radar may not know how to seek out they think they know about a city Angeles, says she doesn’t read the
publicity from traditional print media; because they’ve lived there for a while, papers either, especially for coverage of
they may simply not care about “valida- and they forget that there are new peo- art, and doesn’t have much hope of
tion” from the press. In some cases, ple arriving and trying new things. If newspapers’ covering her scene any-
especially if the circumstances of their you’re interested in covering the arts, time soon. “We’re just doing it our-
work are legally dodgy, they may you have to be going out to find them. selves. The artists go around passing
actively try to avoid press coverage. At They don’t come and find you. Papers out flyers, and we use Tribe and
the same time, the smart young audi- should be interested in finding good Friendster and Myspace and
ences that newspapers want to court stories and interesting things that are Livejournal to promote our events.