Semester-VI

Credit Hours
Sr. No. Course Code Course Title
Theory Lab Total Page No.
1 MATH3117 Real Analysis-II 3 0 3 45
2 MATH3118 Number Theory 3 0 3 46
Introduction to
3 MATH3119 3 0 3 47
Topology
4 MATH3120 Mathematical Statistics 3 0 3 48
5 PHYS3112 Classical Mechanics 3 0 3 49
Total 15

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 Semester-VI
Course Title: Real Analysis-II
Course Code: MATH3117
Credit Hours: 3

Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are to:
 Get firm grip on basic ideas of Riemann integral and their basic uses with examples.
 Apply and use the concepts of Riemann Stieljes (R-S) Integrals.
 Know concretely about function of bounded variation and properties.
 Understand ideas of improper integrals.

Course Outline:

The Riemann Integral: Riemann Integrals, Partitions, Refinement, Dorboux Upper and
lower sums, Related Lemmas, Cauchy’s theorem and its applications, Continuity theorems,
Integral as a limits
Fundamental Theorems of Calculus: First, Second Fundamental Theorems and other
related Lemmas
Function of Bounded Variation: Monotonic theorem, Bounded theorem, Property related
theorems, Bounded variation of division, Continuity base theorems
Uniform convergence: Point wise convergence and related theorems and application, Test
for convergence Cauchy’s test, Weierestress M-Test, Uniform convergence and continuity,
Uniform convergence and integration, Uniform convergence and differentiation
Improper integrals: Convergence and Divergence and its application, (Convergence
theorem) Cauchy’s General Principle of Convergence, Comparison tests, Limit comparison
test, Integral test

Recommended Books:

 Bartle. R. (2008). Introduction to Real Analysis by Robert G. John Wiley & Sons.
 Ruddin, W. (1976). Principles of Mathematical Analysis. McGraw-Hill.

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Course Title: Number Theory
Course Code: MATH3118
Credit Hours: 3

Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are to:
 Get firm grip on basic ideas of natural numbers, integers and their basic operations.
 Apply and use the concepts of modular arithmetic.
 Know concretely about solutions of congruence polynomials and its uses.
 Apply ideas of Diophantine equations and arithmetic functions in mathematics and
in real world problems.

Course Outline:

Divisibility: Definition of Divisibility, Greatest Common Divisor, Euclid’s Lemma, Prime

Numbers, The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, The Euclidean Algorithm
Congruences: Definition and Basic Properties of Congruences, Residue Classes and
Complete Residue Systems, Linear Congruences, Reduced Residue System and the Euler-
Fermat Theorem, Lagrange’s Theorem, Simultaneous Linear Congruences, The Chinese
Remainder Theorem
Quadratic Residues and Quadratic Reciprocity Law: Quadratic Residues, Legendre’s
Symbol and Its Properties, Evaluation of (-1/p) and (2/p), Gauss’s Lemma, Quadratic
Reciprocity Law, Applications of the Reciprocity Law
Arithmetic Functions: The Möbius Function, The Euler Totient Function, The Relation
Between the Möbius and the Euler Totient Function, The Identity Function, The Unit
Function, Dirichlet Inverses and the Möbius Inversion Formula
Diophantine Equations: The equation ax + by = c, Simultaneous linear Equations, Elliptic
Curves

Recommended Books:

 Ivan, N., Herbert, S. Z., and Hugh, L. M. (1991). An Introduction to the Theory of
Numbers. John Wiley & Sons.
 Tom, M. A. (1998). Introduction to Analytic Number Theory. Narosa Publishing
House.

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Course Title: Introduction to Topology
Course Code: MATH3119
Credit Hours: 3

Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are to:
 Describe topological spaces with examples.
 Differentiate some simple topological spaces through homeomorphism.
 Check connectedness and compactness of topological spaces.

Course Outlines:

Topological Spaces: Topological Spaces, Accumulation Points, Closure, Interior, Exterior,

and boundary of a Set, Subspaces, Base for a Topology Continuity: Continuous Functions,
Homeomorphism
Connected and Compact Spaces: Separation, Connected Spaces, Covers, Compact Spaces
Separation Axioms: Hausdorff Spaces, T1-Spaces, Regular Spaces, Normal Spaces

Recommended Books:
 Munkres, J. (2004). Topology. New Delhi, Prentice-Hall of India.
 Lipschutz, S. (1965). General Topology. New York, Tata McGraw-Hill.

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Course Title: Mathematical Statistics
Course Code: MATH3120
Credit Hours: 3

Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are to:
 Describe basic ideas of probability distributions with examples.
 Apply ideas of mathematical expectations.
 Know special probability distributions and special probability densities.
 Understand ideas of random variables and sampling distributions.

Course Outline:

Probability Distributions and Probability Densities: Probability distribution, Continuous

Random Variables, Probability Density Functions, Multivariate Distributions, Marginal
Distributions, Conditional Distributions
Mathematical Expectations: The Expected Value of a Random Variable, Moments,
Chebyshev’s Theorem, Moment-Generating Functions, Product Moments, Moments of
Linear Combinations of Random Variables, Conditional Expectations
Special Probability Distributions: Distributions of the Discrete Uniform, Bernoulli,
Binomial, Negative Binomial, Geometric, Poisson, Multinomial, and Hypergeometric
Special Probability Densities: Distributions of Uniform, Exponential, Gamma, Beta, and
Normal
Functions of Random Variables: Distribution Function Technique, Transformation
Techniques of One- and Several, Moment-Generating Function Technique
Sampling Distributions: The distribution of the Mean, The Chi-Square Distribution, The t-
Distribution, The f-Distribution, Estimation of Means, Estimations of Proportions,
Estimation of Variance, Testing of Statistical Hypothesis Concerning Means, Proportions,
and Variances

Recommended Books:

 Miller, I. and Miller, M. (1997). Mathematical Statistics. Prentice-Hall.

 Seymour, L. and John, J. S. (2011). Introduction to Probability and Statistics.
McGraw-Hill

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Course Title: Classical Mechanics
Course Code: PHYS3112
Credit Hours: 3

Objectives:
Its objectives are given below;

 To develop fundamental concepts in mechanics more rigorously as needed for other courses
of the program.
 To apply advanced mathematical and computational techniques to complex problems.
 To contribute to the development of the student’s thinking process through the
understanding of the theory and application of this knowledge to the solution of practical
problems.

Course Outline:
Lagrangian Formalism: Brief survey of Newtonian mechanics of a single and system of
particles, constraints, D. Alembert’s principle, Lagrange’s equation and its application, calculus of
variation and Hamilton’s principle, derivation of Lagrange’s equation from Hamilton’s principle,
contact transformations.

Central Force Problem: Two-body central force problem and its reduction to the equivalent one
body problem, the equation of motion and solution for one body problem laboratory and center
of mass co-ordinate systems and their mutual transformation, Rutherford scattering formula.

Hamiltonian Formalism: Legendre transformation and Hamilton equation of motion,

cyclic co-ordinates, conservation theorems and physical significance of the Hamiltonian
for simple cases.
Canonical Transformations: The canonical transformations and their examples, the
Lagrange’s and the Poisson’s brackets, integrals of motion, Poisson’s theorems.
Recommended Books:
 David Morin (2008). Introduction to Classical Mechanics: With Problems and Solutions.
Cambridge University Press.
 John R. Taylor (2005). Classical Mechanics. University Science Books.
 H. Goldstein. (1950). Classical Mechanics. Addison-Wesley.
 Tai L. Chow. (1995). Classical Mechanics John Wiley & Sons Inc.
 L. D. Landau & E. M. Lifshitz. (1960). Mechanic. Oxford: Pergamon.
 J. W. Leech Methuen and Co. Ltd. (1958). Classical Mechanics. London.
 V. D. Barger & M. G. Olsson. (1995). Classical Mechanics. New York: McGraw-Hill.
 L. N. Hand & J. D. Finch. (1998). Analytical Mechanics. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge.

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