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EE6703 SPECIAL ELECTRICAL MACHINES
UNIT – V PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS
PART – A
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5. What is meant by slotless motor?
In slotless motor, the stator teeth are removed and resulting space is partially
filled with addition of copper.
6. Write the expression for the self and synchronous reactance of PMSM.
The sum of the magnetizing and leakage reactance define synchronous
reactance. X S X M X l , Xs = Synchronous reactance, XM = Magnetizing
reactance, Xl = Leakage reactance
7. What are the applications of PMBLDC and PMSM motors?
PMBLDC: (Low rating application)turn table drives for record players, Hard disc
drives, Low cost instruments, Small fans for cooling electronic equipment, (High
rating application)Air craft, Satellite system, Traction system (in future).
PMSM are used in low to medium power (up to several hundred HP)
Applications, Fiber spinning mills, Rolling mills, Cement mills, Ship propeller,
Electric Vehicles, Servo and robotic drives and Starters / generator for air craft
engine.
11. What are the assumptions made in derivation of emf equation for PMSM?
(Dec 14)
Flux density distribution in the air gap is sinusoidal, Rotor rotates with an
uniform angular velocity of ωm ( rad/sec), Armature winding consists of full
pitched, concentrated similarly located coils of equal number of turns.
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each other at all speeds. Consequently, the drive consisting of load side
converter and synchronous motor is known as commutator less DC motor.
15. What are the features of closed- loop speed control of load commutated
inverter fed synchronous motor drive?
Higher efficiency, Four quadrant operation with regeneration braking is
possible, Higher power ratings and run at high speeds ( 6000 rpm).
18. What are advantages and disadvantages of PMSM? (May 12, May 15)
Advantages: Runs at constant speed, No field winding, no field copper loss,
better efficiency, High power density, Lower rotor inertia, Robust construction
of rotor, No sliding contact hence requires less maintenance .
Disadvantages: Loss of flexibilities of field flux control, Demagnetization effect
and High cost.
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19. Distinguish between self control and vector control of PMSM? (May 12)
S.No. Self control Vector control
1. Dynamic performance is poor Dynamic performance is better
2. Control circuit is simple Control circuit is complex
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26. Differentiate Square wave and sine wave motor(Dec 2016)
Features BLPM Square wave motor BLPM Sine wave motor
Flux density
distribution
PART B
1.Derive the EMF and torque equation of BLPM Sine wave motor. (May 12, Dec
12, June 13, Dec 13)
Ideal brushless sine wave motor with winding and PM rotor
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E p h 4.44 f mT p h .volts
3 r1lBN s
T I 2 sin
2 2
Maximum torque remains constant from a low frequency to ω0. Any further increase
in frequency will decrease the maximum torque. At ω= ωd the torque developed is
zero.
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10.Write a detailed technical note on the following (i) vector control of PMSM (ii)
microprocessor based control. (Dec 12)
vector control of PMSM
BLPM SNW motor is usually employs for variable speed applications. For this
we keep V/f constant and vary V and f to get the desired speed and torque. From the
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theory of BLPM SNW motor it is known that as the speed is varied from a very low
value upto the corner frequency, the desired operating point of current is such that Id
=0 and I is along q-axis.
When the frequency is more than the corner frequency it is not possible to
make Id=0, due to voltage constraints. In such a case a better operating point for
current is obtained with minimum I value after satisfying the voltage constraints.
Controlling BLPM SNW motor taking int considerations the above mentioned aspects
is known as vector control of BLPM SNW motor.
microprocessor based control.
1. The advent of microprocessor has raised interest in the digital control of power
systems and electronic motor drives since the microprocessor provides a flexible and
low cost alternative to the conventional method.
2. The optical encoder provides rotor speed and position signals.
3. The inverter triggering pulses are synchronized to the rotor position reference
signals with a delay angle determined by an 8-bit control input.
4. The speed signal, which is a train of pulses of frequency, proportional to motor
speed, is fed to a programmable counter used for speed sensing.
5. The stator current is detected by current sensor and amplified by optional isolation
amplifier.
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The permanent magnet are located in the interior of the rotor and the flux is
radial.
(iii)claw pole
The permanent magnets are generally disc shaped and magnetized axially.
(iv)transverse
The permanent magnets are generally between soft iron poles and the
permanent magnet flux is circumferential.
Sinusoidal or quasi–sinusoidal distribution of magnetic flux in the air gap.
Sinusoidal or quasi-sinusoidal current waveforms. Quasi-sinusoidal distribution of
stator conductors. (short pitched and distributed or concentric stator windings). With
equal r.m.s. phase currents the torque of the square wave motor exceeds that of sine
wave motor by a factor 1.47. With equal peak currents the factor is 1.27. For the same
flux-density flux per pole of a square wave motor exceeds that of a sine wave motor
by a factor π/2. Square wave motor has a slightly better utilization of the peak current
capability of the converter switches. In PMSM three devices conduct at a time (180
degree mode of inverter), where as in BLDC only two devices conduct at a time in 120
degree mode.
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13. Derive the torque equation of PMSM with the phasor diagram (Dec 2016,
June 2016)
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