Momentum

LECTURE 1

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Momentum
LECTURE 1
Experimental physics
Introduction to Conservation of Momentum
Experimental physics
Experimental physics
Experimental physics
Now we have understand the method of locating COM, Let’s understand the
Experimental
concept of momentumphysics
m1a1 + m2a2 + m3a3 + . . .
aCM =
m1 + m2 + m3 ...

(m1 + m2 + m3 + . . .) aCM = m1a1 + m2a2 + m3a3 . . . .

m aCM = m1a1 + m2a2 + m3a3 +...

m aCM = F1 + F2 + F3 + . . . . . .

Fext = m aCM

Let m1 + m2 + m3 + . . . = m = Mass of system

 Experimental physics
m1v1 + m2v2 + m3v3 . . . . Remember
vCM =
m1 + m 2 + m 3 + . . . p1 + p2 + p3 +… = PSYS
m1 v1 = p 1
(m1 + m2 + m3 + . .vCM )= m1v1 + m2v2 + m3v3 . . . .
m 2v 2 = p 2

mvCM = m1v1 + m2v + m3v3 +. . . . m 3v 3 = p 3

2
m vCM= p1 + p2 + p3 +. . . .

PSYS= m vCM
 Experimental
Fext = m aCM physics

If Fext = 0 then = 0
aCM
d vCM
aCM = = 0
dt

vCM = constant

➔ If COM is initially at rest it will remain at rest

➔ If COM initially moves with some velocity
➔ it will continue to move with that velocity
 Experimental
P = mV
physics
SYS CM

PSYS = Constant If Fext = 0 then

VCM is constant
Pi = P f

If Initial Momentum of If Initial Momentum is some

system is zero then Final Constant then Final momentum
Momentum of system will will also be the same constant.
also be Zero.

This is called as Principle of Conservation of Momentum

Experimental physics
Numericals on Conservation of Momentum
Example Two bodies of masses 10 kg and 20 kg are moving with velocities 4ms–1
Experimental physics
and 1 ms–1 in same direction. If the bodies collide and stick with each
other, then find their common velocity.
A. -2.5 ms–1
1ms–1
B. 2 ms–1 10 kg 4ms–1
20 kg
C. -3 ms–1
D. None of these
Solution:
Experimental physics
Before Collision After Collision

30 kg
10 kg 4ms–1 20 kg 1ms–1 v

As on system Fext = 0, therefore

Pi = P f
the momentum of system is
10 × 4 + 20 × 1 = 30 × v conserved

40 + 20 = 30v

60 = 30v

v = 2 ms–1
Example Initially man and balloon are rest in a gravity free space.
Experimental
Findphysics
the velocity of balloon if man starts climbing the balloon with
velocity 10 ms–1 w.r.t balloon
A. 2.5 ms–1
B. 2 ms–1
C. -3 ms–1 15 kg
D. None of these

5 kg
Solution:
Experimental physics
Pi = P f If man climbs up, the balloon
will move down
0 = 5V1 + 15( -V2 ) 15 kg V2
V1 + V2 = 10

V1 = 10 – V2
As on system Fext = 0, the
Putting in equation
momentum of system is conserved
0 = 5 (10 –V2)– 15 V2

0 = 50 – 5V2 – 15 V2

2 0 V2 = 50

V2 = Also the relative velocity of two V1

moving in opposite direction is V1 +V2
5 kg

V2 = 2.5ms–1
Experimental physics
Example
Experimental physics
A bomb of Mass M explodes into two pieces of mass M/3 and 2M/3.
If the speed of smaller mass is v0 , then find the speed of bigger mass.
A.

B. M

C.

D. None of these
Solution: As the external force on system is zero, therefore momentum
Experimental physics
of system is conserved
Pi = Pf
2M M
M 2M v2 3 M v1=v0
0 = V1 (–V2) 3
+ 3
3

M 2M
0 = V1 + (–V2)
3 3
M 2M
0 = V0 – V2
3 3
2M
V 2 = M V0
3 3

V0
V2 =
2
Example A bomb of Mass M placed at origin explodes into three pieces of mass
Experimental physics
M/3. Two masses moving along X axis and Y axis has velocity 3 ms –1
and 4 ms–1 respectively. Find speed and direction of 3rd mass.

A. 3î – 4ĵ , -1 ms–1
M
B. - 3î – 4ĵ , 5 ms–1
3
C. - 3î + 4ĵ , 5 ms–1
D. None of these
M
M 3

M
3
Solution: V2 = 4 ms–1
Experimental physics
Pi = Pf
M
3
0 = m1v1 + m2v2 + m3v3

M ^ M ^ M M M
V2 = 3 ms–1
0 = (3 l ) + (4 j) + v3 3 3
3 3 3
V3
M ^
0 = (3 ^l + 4 j + v3 ) As the external force on system
3 is zero, therefore momentum of
system is conserved
^ ^
3 l + 4 j+ v3 = 0

^ ^
v3 = –3 l – 4 j
Experimental physics
v3 = –3î – 4ĵ
y

θ = 530

3 x
θ
4
V3
(–3, –4)
v3 = 5 ms–1
 ExampleA body of mass 30 kg is shot with velocity 50 ms–1 at an angle 530
Experimental
with physics
horizontal. At its top most point, the body break into three
parts each of mass 10kg. If one mass retraces its path, second
comes to rest, then find the velocity of third mass.
A. 60 m/s
B. 100 m/s
C. 120 m/s
D. 125 m/s

50 m/s

530
Solution:
Experimental physics
As on the top point velocity
y of projectile is u cosθ
30 ms– 30 ms–
1 1
50 ms– V
1
10 kg 10 kg 10 kg
Rest
530
x
u cos θ = 50 cos 530

u cos θ =
u cos θ = 30 ms–1
 Experimental
Before Blast physics After Blast
y y
30 kg 30 ms–1 30 ms–1
50 ms–1 30 ms–1 50 ms–1 V
10 kg 10 kg 10 kg
Rest
530
530
x
x
Pi = P f
30 × 30 = 10 x (–30) + 10 × 0 + 10 × v

900 = –300 + 10 v ➔ As there is no external force in horizontal

direction, therefore the momentum can be
10 v = 1200 conserved in horizontal direction
➔ At the top point body is under the influence of
V = 120 ms–1 gravitational force which acts in downward
direction
 Example A man of mass m is standing on a trolley of mass M which is
Experimental physics
Placed on a smooth surface.If man walks on trolley with velocity v 0
with respect to trolley then find the velocity of trolley.

A.

B.
m
m
C.
MM
D. None of these
Solution:
Experimental physics
N2 N1

m X direction
f f
M
mg

Mg

N1
 Experimental physics
➔ When man pushes the trolley back the trolley will push the man forward.
➔ So the frictional Force on man will act in forward direction where as on trolley it will be
on backward direction.
➔ The force mg will act on man in downward direction and in return a normal reaction N1
will act in upward direction .
➔ As every action has equal and opposite reaction therefore N1 will also act on trolley in
downward direction.
➔ Apart from this Mg and N2 will also act on trolley.
➔ On the system of man and trolley friction is an internal force and hence its resultant on
system is zero
➔ On the system of man and trolley normal reaction N1 is an internal force and hence its
resultant on system is also zero
➔ As it is visible that external forces Mg, mg and N2 acts on the system of man and trolley
in y direction
➔ Hence the net external force on the system in X direction is zero and as a result the
momentum of the system is conserved in
 Experimental physics
V1 ➔ Let at any instant the velocity of man
and trolley is V1 and V2 respectively
m
➔ Conserving the momentum of the
m system in x direction
V2 M
M

pi = pf

0 = mv1 + M (–v2)

0 = mv1 – Mv2
Experimental physics
0 = mv1 – Mv2 When two body moves in a opposite
direction then there relative velocity
v1 + v2 = v0 is v1 + v2

v1 = v0 – v2

0 = m(v0 – v2) – Mv2

0 = mv0 – (m + M)v2

(m + M) v2 = mv0

m
v2 = v0
m+M
 Experimental physics
V1
➔ Let at any instant the velocity of man
and trolley is V1 and V2 respectively
m ➔ Conserving the momentum of the
m system in x direction
V2
M
M

pi = pf

0 = mv1 + M (–v2)

0 = mv1 – Mv2
 0 = mv1 – Mvphysics
Experimental 2
When two body moves in a opposite direction
v1 + v2 = v0 then there relative velocity is v1 + v2

v1 = v0 – v2

0 = m(v0 – v2) – Mv2

0 = mv0 – (m + M)v2

(m + M) v2 = mv0

m
v2 = v0
m+M
Experimental physics
 Example A man of mass m is standing on a trolley of mass M which is
Experimental physics
moving on a smooth horizontal surface with velocity u. Now, if
man walks on trolley with velocity v0 with respect to trolley then
find the velocity of trolley. (in the -X direction / left)

mv0 – (m + M) u
A.
m+M
m
mv0 – (m + M)
B. m
u m-M
mv0 + (m + M) u M
M u
C.
m+ M
D. None of these
Experimental physics
N2 N1

m X direction
f f
M
mg

Mg

N1
Experimental physics
Before Walking After
Walking
m v1
m

M u v2 M

pi = pf
➔ Let at any instant the velocity of
(m + M) u = mv1 + M (–
man and trolley is V1 and V2
v 2)
respectively
(m + M) u = mv1 – Mv2
➔ Conserving the momentum of the
system in x direction
 Experimental physics
(m + M) u = mv1 – Mv2
When two body moves in a
v1 + v 2 = v0 opposite direction then there
relative velocity is v1 + v2
v1 = v 0 – v2
(m + M) u = m (v0 – v2) – Mv2

(m + M) u = mv0 – (m + M)v2
(m + M)v2 = mv0 – (m + M) u

mv0 – (m + M) u
v2 =
m+M
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