Name Date

Copy of Chapter 40: Animal Form and

Function
Take 2. Do better.

1. Which of these is NOT one of the four major categories of tissue? points: 1
epithelial
connective
blood
nervous

2. _____ is the connective tissue specialized for transport. points: 1

blood
bone
adipose
muscle

3. When the temperature of the outside air exceeds their internal body
temperature, jackrabbits living in hot, arid lands will points: 1
dilate the blood vessels in their large ears to transfer more body heat to the
environment.
constrict the blood vessels in their large ears to reduce transfer of external heat to
the blood in their ears.
increase motor movements to find a sunny area to maximize heat transfer into their
bodies.
increase pigmentation in their ears, darkening them to maximize their capacity to
take up heat.

4. If thermoregulation is considered to be a secondary function of the large ears

of jackrabbits, then the primary function of the ears is points: 1
to optimize nutrient intake through the thin, permeable surfaces on the
ears.
to alter the rate of gas exchange, based on the adjustable radius of the ears' blood
vessels.
to detect predators by using the large size and flexible positioning of the external
ears to channel sound waves into the ear canal.
to protect offspring from bright sunlight by the positioning of the ears to cast the
maximum shadows.

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5. Penguins, seals, and tuna have body forms that permit rapid swimming,
because points: 1
all share a common ancestor at some point in the
past.
all of their bodies have been compressed since birth by intensive underwater
pressures.
the shape is a convergent evolutionary solution to the need to reduce drag while
swimming.
flying, pregnancy, and gill-breathing all require similar adaptations in
form.

6. All animals, whether large or small, have points: 1

an external body surface that is
dry.
each living cell in contact with an aqueous
medium.
a basic body plan that resembles a two-layered
sac.
a body surface covered with hair to keep them
warm.

7. Interstitial fluid is points: 1

the fluid inside the gastrovascular cavity of
Hydra.
the route for the exchange of materials between blood and body
cells.
identical to the composition of
blood.
the internal environment inside animal
cells.

8. Tissues are composed of cells, and tissues functioning together make up

points: 1
organs.
membranes
organ system
organelles

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9. An exchange surface in direct contact with the external environment is found
in the points: 1
lungs
liver
heart
brain

10. Most of the exchange surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with points:
1
epethelial
connective
neural
adipose

11. An example of a connective tissue is the points: 1

skin
blood
nerves

12. Stratified cuboidal epithelium is composed of points: 1

a hierarchical arrangement of flat
cells.
a tight layer of square cells attached to a basement
membrane.
several layers of boxlike
cells.
an irregularly arranged layer of pillarlike
cells.

13. Coordinating body functions via chemical signals is accomplished by points:

1
the respiratory system.
endocrine system
the immune and lymphatic
systems.
the integumentary system.

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14. the nourishment, insulation, and support for neurons is the result of activity
by the points: 1
smooth
muscels
adipose tissues
intercalated discs
glia

15. Breathing is accomplished via the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of

points: 1
smooth muscle
skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle
smooth and skeletal
muscle

16. Muscles are joined to bones by points: 1

ligaments
tendons
loose connective
tissue
spin

17. With its abundance of collagenous fibers, cartilage is an example of points:

1
connective tissue.
reproductive tissue.
nervous tissue.
epithelial tissue.

18. In a typical nerve cell, the nucleus is found in the points: 1

cell body
synaptic
terminals.
axonal region.
dendritic region.

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19. The type of muscle tissue surrounding internal organs, other than the heart,
is points: 1
skeletal
cardiac
smooth
striated

20. Food moves along the digestive tract as the result of contractions by
points: 1
skeletal
cardiac
smooth
stra

21. The body's automatic tendency to maintain a constant and optimal internal
environment is termed points: 1
balanced
equilibrium.
physiological chance.
homeostasis.
estivation.

22. An example of a properly functioning homeostatic control system is seen

when points: 1
the core body temperature of a runner rises gradually from 37°C to
45°C.
the kidneys excrete salt into the urine when dietary salt levels
rise.
a blood cell shrinks when placed in a solution of salt and
water.
the blood pressure increases in response to an increase in blood
volume.

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23. An example of effectors' roles in homeostatic responses is observable when
points: 1
an increase in body temperature results from involuntary
shivering.
an increase in body temperature results from
exercise.
the rising sun causes an increase in body temperature in a stationary
animal.
an increase in body temperature results from
fever.

24. In a survivably cold environment, an ectotherm is more likely to survive an

extended period of food deprivation than would an equally sized endotherm
because the ectotherm points: 1
maintains a higher basal metabolic
rate.
expends more energy per kg of body mass than does the
endotherm.
invests little energy in temperature
regulation.
metabolizes its stored energy more readily than can the
endotherm.

25. Humans can lose, but cannot gain, heat through the process of points: 1
connduction
convention
radiation
evaporation

26. An overheated and sick dog in a hot environment will have an impaired
thermoregulatory response when its points: 1
evaporative heat loss increases.
metabolic heat production
decreases.
body temperature increases to match the environmental
temperature.
blood vessels near its skin increase
vasoconstriction.

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27. Endothermy points: 1
is a characteristic of most animals found in tropical
zones.
is a characteristic of animals that have a fairly constant body
temperature.
is a term equivalent to cold-
blooded.
is a characteristic of mammals but not of
birds.

28. The panting responses that are observed in overheated birds and mammals
dissipates excess heat by points: 1
countercurrent exchange.
acclimatization.
vasoconstriction.
evaporation

29. An example of an organism that has only behavioral controls over its body
temperature is the points: 1
dragonfly
penguin
bluefin tuna
gray wolf

30. Most land-dwelling invertebrates and all of the amphibians points: 1

are ectothermic organisms with variable body
temperatures.
alter their metabolic rates to maintain a constant body temperature of
37°C.
have a net loss of heat across a moist body surface, even in direct
sun.
are endotherms but become thermoconformers only when they are in
water.

31. The temperature-regulating center of vertebrate animals is located in the

points: 1
medulla oblongata.
thyroid gland.
hypothalamus.
subcutaneous layer of the
skin.

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32. A female Burmese python incubating her eggs can warm them using points:
1
acclimatization.
torpor
shivering thermogenesis.
evaporative cooling.

33. In mammals this response is known as fever, but it is known to raise body
temperature in other bacterially infected animals, including lizards, fishes, and
cockroaches. points: 1
growth of hair on the
limbs
reduced metabolic
rate
sweating from skin
glands
a change in the body's thermostat "set
point"

34. Standard metabolic rate (SMR) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) are points: 1
used differently: SMR is measured during exercise, whereas BMR is measured at
rest.
used to compare metabolic rate between hibernating and nonhibernating
states.
both measured across a wide range of temperatures for a given
species.
both measured in animals in a resting and fasting
state.

35. Among these choices, the least reliable indicator of an animal's metabolic
rate is the amount of points: 1
food eaten in one
day.
heat generated in one
day.
oxygen used in mitochondria in one
day.
water consumed in one
day.

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36. During its months-long hibernation in its burrow, the body temperature of a
ground squirrel points: 1
is held at a constant
37°C.
is held at a constant
5°C.
varies between 5°C and 37°C, depending on the frequency of arousals from
hibernation.
varies between 5°C and 15°C, depending on the external temperature outside of the
burrow.

37. "Winter acclimatization" in cold-zone mammals can include points: 1

the production of antifreeze compounds within
cells.
the production of enzymes that have lower temperature
optima.
hibernation for several
weeks.
changing the proportion of saturated and unsaturated fats in cell
membranes.

38. Hibernation and estivation during seasons of environmental stress are both
examples of points: 1
acclimatization.
torpor.
evaporative cooling.
nonshivering thermogenesis.

39. Panting by an overheated dog achieves cooling by points: 1

acclimatization.
torpor.
evaporation
nonshivering thermogenesis.

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40. The thin horizontal arrows in the figure above show that points: 1

the warmer arterial blood can bypass the legs as needed, when the legs are too cold
to function well.
the warmer venous blood transfers heat to the cooler arterial
blood.
the warmer arterial blood transfers heat to the cooler venous
blood.
the arterial blood is always cooler in the abdomen, compared to the temperature of
the venous blood in the feet of the goose.

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41. Examine the figure above. Near a goose's abdomen, the countercurrent
arrangement of the arterial and venous blood vessels causes points: 1

the temperature difference between the contents of the two sets of vessels to be
minimized.
the venous blood to be as cold near the abdomen as it is near the
feet.
the loss of the maximum possible amount of heat to the
environment.
the temperature at the abdomen to be less than the temperature at the
feet.

42. Imagine that you are a biologist who is attempting to get an accurate
measure of an animal's basal metabolic rate. The best time to measure the
metabolic rate is when the animal points: 1
is resting and has not eaten its first meal of the
day.
is resting and has just completed its first meal of the
day.
has recently eaten a sugar-free
meal.
has not consumed any water for at least 48
hours.

43. the body tissue that consists largely of material located outside of cells is
points: 1
epithelial
connective
skeletal
smooth

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44. Which of the following would increase the rate of heat exchange between
an animal and its environment? points: 1
feathers or
fur
vasoconstriction
wind blowing across the body
surface
countercurrent heat
exchanger

45. Which of the following animals uses the largest percentage of its energy
budget for homeostatic regulation? points: 1
a
hydra
a desert
bird
a marine jelly (an
invertebrate)
a snake in a temperate
forest

46. Bonus: For 5 points aNong siNaBi ni sTamEn kAy pisTiL? points: 5

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