PRESENTED BY

D.KIRUBASANKAR
ECE-III
 Multirate signal processing means change(extend)
the sampling rate in various parts of the system

 There are many cases used in this process

 In high quality data acquisition and storage
systems
 Also used in audio signal processing
 In transmultiplexers
 Narrowband filtering for fetal ECG and EEG
 Up-sampler - Used to increase the
sampling rate by an integer factor
 Down-sampler - Used to decrease the
sampling rate by an integer factor
 An up-sampler with an up-sampling factor L,
where L is a positive integer, develops an
output sequence with a sampling rate
that is L times larger than that of the input
sequence x[n]

Block-diagram representation

x[n] L xu [n]
 Input Sequence
1 Output sequence up-sampled by 3
1

0.5 0.5

Amplitude
Amplitude

0
0

-0.5
-0.5
-1
0 10 20 30 40 50
-1 Time index n
0 10 20 30 40 50
Time index n
 x[ n]  xa ( nT ) L y[n]

 x ( nT / L ), n 0,  L, 2 L,
 a
 0 otherwise
Input sampling frequency Output sampling frequency

1 1
FT  FT  LFT 
'
T T'
 Figure below shows the relation between
and for L = 2 in the case of
a typical sequence x[n]
  Down-sampling operation is implemented by
keeping every M-the sample of x[n] and
removing in-between samples to
generate y[n]
Input Sequence Output sequence down-sampled by 3
1 1

0.5 0.5

Amplitude
Amplitude

0 0

-0.5 -0.5

-1 -1
0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50
Time index n Time index n
 M

x[n] M y[n]
 Anti-imaging filter
 Identifies(6 types)
 Cascading sample rate converters
 Efficient travel structure for decimator
 Efficient travel structure for interpolator
 Poly phase structure of decimator
 Poly phase structure of interpolator & Z-
transform
 Poly phase decimation using Z-transform
 Quatrature mirror filter bank
 Sampling rate conversion is high

 It gives more accuracy

 compact disc
 digital audio
 American television
 European television
(All are used in frame type not in bitwise)