SECTION 2400 Final

Specifications RVNL
SECTION - 2400 : ROOFING
2401 LIME CONCRETE TERRACING ON ROOFS WITH BRICK BALLAST
2401.1 MATERIALS
2401.1.1 BRICK BALLAST
Brick ballast shall be made from good, well-burnt red bricks (not over-
burnt). Ballast shall be of 20mm gauge and shall not be more than
25mm.
The volume of wet mortar used shall be 40% of the volume of ballast
(stack measurement reduced by 8% shrinkage allowance). Brick
aggregates shall be kept moist for a period of not less than six hours
before use in the concrete mix.
2401.1. 2 LIME MORTAR
Unless otherwise specified, lime mortar shall be of 1:2 mix (one lime
putty : two surkhi ). If kankar lime is used, the mortar shall be of 1:1
mix(1 kankar lime :1 surkhi ). No sand shall be used in either case. If
kankar lime is used the mortar shall, after mixing, be kept wet for a day
before use. Materials and method of preparation of mortar and lime
concrete shall be as given in ANNEXXURE 2400.1
2401.2 LAYING
2401.2.1 Lime concrete shall be laid (not thrown) in a single layer, spread and
lightly rammed to the specified average thickness, slope and level.
Concrete used shall be quite fresh; concrete left over from previous
day’s work shall not be used under any circumstance. During this
preliminary ramming, the surface shall be tested and kept perfectly true
to desired grade and even by means of trowel, straight edge and spirit
level.
2401.2.2 The concrete shall then be further consolidated with wooden hammers
(weight not exceeding 2kg) by two rows of labourers positioned close
to each other on the entire width of the roof who shall beat the concrete
in unison, slowly traversing the length of the roof. Special care shall be
taken to consolidate the concrete properly at its junctions with parapet
wall. This beating shall continue 3 to 4 days or until the mortar is
almost set and the wooden “Thappies” rebound from surface readily
when struck, leaving no impression on it
2401.2.3 While beating of concrete is in progress, the surface shall be liberally

sprinkled with fresh lime water to which “gur” and boiled solution of
“bael” fruit has been added, in the proportion of 2.8 kg “gur”, 1.6 kg
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Part B – Buildings – Roofing Page 1 of 24
Specifications RVNL
“bael” fruit and 100 litres of lime water. Gur and bael treatment is not
required for lime concrete laid on roof over which the flooring of the
next floor has to be laid.
2401.2.4 As soon as beating is complete, mortar, that has come to the top, shall
be softened by the addition of the solution of “gur” and “bael” and
smoothened with a float or trowel to a fine finish. On no account any
additional plaster is to be laid on the concrete.
2401.3 Protection and Curing
Fresh concrete shall be thoroughly protected from rain by a layer of

grass, straw or mat, as heavy rain will wash out the mortar and spoil
the work. The concrete shall be kept wet after each day’s work by
wetting the straw, grass or mat from a watering can through a
perforated rose in moderate quantity, so as to ensure thorough wetting
of the concrete. Water shall not be poured on fresh concrete from a
“chatty” or any other vessel. The concrete shall be kept constantly
damp foe 7 days after which the roof will be cleaned of obstructions to
be exposed to rain water.
2401.4 Finishing
The slope of the finished terrace (excluding concrete for floors) shall be
1 in 50 of as shown in drawing. The roof surface shall slope from all
sides towards outlet. Lime concrete shall be rounded at the junction of
the roof slab and parapet. Lime concrete shall overlap the cement
concrete base of the khurra by 75 mm and shall be rounded to the
edges of the khurra. The finished lime mortar shall present a smooth
surface and correct slopes and uniform rounding wherever they occur.
Concrete shall be leak proof and free from cracks.
2401.5 Thickness
Finished thickness of lime concrete shall be as specified in drawing or

schedule. In measurement, extra thickness at the rounding with the
junctions of wall etc. shall not be taken into account
2401.6 Measurement and Payments
Length and breath shall be measured correct to a cm. The area shall
be calculated in square meters for the finished work in superficial area
of the specified average thickness, up to the two places of decimal.
No deductions in measurement shall be made for opening or recesses

of areas upto 0.4 sqm for chimney stacks, roof lights, khrruas etc.
Nothing
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Specifications RVNL
extra shall be paid either for any extra material or labour involved in
forming such openings and recesses, or in rounding concrete at
junction of roof with parapet walls, chimney stacks, khrruas etc. For
similar areas exceeding 0.4 sqm deduction will be made in
measurements for the full opening, but nothing extra shall be paid for
any extra labour, materials etc. involved at the junctions aforesaid.
The concrete bearing on the walls or under the parapets shall be

included in the measured quantity. Where average thickness exceeds
the average thickness specified in the item, the extra depth shall not be
paid for unless the same had been carried out under the specific orders
of engineer.
Where, however, such average thickness is found on measurement to

fall short of the average thickness specified in the item, the rate will be
reduced for the short-fall in thickness.
2401.7 Rate
Contract unit rate for lime concrete terracing on roof shall include cost
of all labour, materials, tools and plants involved to complete the work
as described above, including surface preparation.
2402 LIME CONTRACT TERRACING USING CHEMICAL COMPOUND

ADMIXTURES ON ROOFS WITH BRICK BALLAST
2402.1 Materials
2402.1.1 Chemical compound
Chemical compound of approved brand and manufacture e.g. “LUNA”

R.T.C or its equivalent approved chemical for roof terracing shall be
used, as the “bael” fruit may not be available all the time.
2402.1.2 Brick Ballast
Brick ballast and volume of wet mortar shall be the same as prescribed
in Sub Clause 2401.1.1 above.
2402.1.3 Lime Mortar
Lime mortar shall be used of 1:2 mix (one lime putty : two surkhi). No
sand shall be used for lime mortar.
Materials and method of preparation of mortar and lime concrete shall

conform in general to specifications given in part.
2402.1.4 In top roofs, 3.2 kg (or as specified by manufacturer )of chemical

compound for each cubic meter of lime concrete, shall be dissolved in
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Specifications RVNL
water in the ratio 1:20 (1 part of chemical compound : 20 part of water)
and thoroughly mixed with lime concrete. Chemical compound shall not
be used for lime concrete laid on roofs over which flooring of the next
floor has to be laid later.
2402.2 Laying
2402.2.1 Same specifications as laid down in Sub Clause 2401.2. shall apply.
2402.2.2 Concrete shall then be further consolidated with wooden hammers

(weight not exceeding 4kg). On the first day by two rows of labourers
positioned closed to each other on the entire width of the roof to beat
the concrete in unison, slowly traversing the length of the roof. Special
care shall be taken to consolidate the concrete properly as its junctions
with parapet wall. Subsequent beating shall be continued in the same
manner as described, for 4 to 5 days light wooden mallets until the
mortar from the surface readily when struck, leaving no impression on
it.
2402.2.3 The surface shall be then made smooth with a trowel with lime and
cement (1 kg per 10 sq m) and the addition of chemical compound at
the rate of 1 kg per 10 sq m shall be used for final polishing and
finishing the surface. On no account shall any additional plaster be laid
over the lime concrete using chemical compound.
2402.3 Other Details
The other procedure regarding protection, curing, thickness and

finishing
Shall be same as Sub Clause 2401.2 to 2401.5 to extent applicable.
2402.4 Measurements for Payments
Sub Clause 2401.6 shall apply.
2402.5 Rate
Sub Clause 2401.7 shall apply. The rate includes cost of supply of the
chemical compound also.
2403 LIME CONCRETE TERRACING ON ROOFS WITH KANKAR

BALLAST.
2403.1 Materials
2403.1.1 Kankar Ballast
Kankar ballast shall consist of 40 mm size well graded kankar.
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Specifications RVNL
2403.1.2 Mortar
The mortar shall be 1:2 kankar lime and sand (1 kankar lime putty : 2
ordinary sand). The volume of wet mortar used shall be 40% of the
volume of ballast (stack measurement reduced by shrinkage
allowance).
2403.2 Laying
2403.2.1 Lime concrete shall be properly laid and rammed as described in the
case of terracing with brick ballast under Sub Clause 2401.2.
Ramming shall be done thoroughly with wooden tampers till the mortar
creams to the top in an even layer, leaving no aggregate showing on
the surface. Gur and bael may be mixed in water used for the mortar.
2403.2.2 Lime sandla consisting of equal parts of sandla and sand screened
through a sieve of 500 microns shall then be applied on the surface
and well rubbed in and polished with soap stone till perfectly smooth
and hard.
2403.3 Other Details
Protection, curing and finishing shall be done as detailed in Sub-

Clause 2401.3 to 2401.5 to the extent applicable.
2403.4 In case kankar lime and surkhi mortar is used with kankar ballast, the
specifications, as in Clause 2401, shall be followed.
Sub-Clause 2401.6 shall apply.
2403.6 Rate
Sub-Clause 2401.7 shall apply.
2404 PAVING WITH BRICK TILES LAID FLAT ON ROOFS
2404.1 Tiles
Brick tiles shall conform to specifications for well burnt bricks under
Section 2000 except that the thickness shall be 5 cm with a
permissible tolerance of 3 mm. Where machine pressed and over burnt
tiles like manglore tiles are used, the thickness may be not less than 20
mm, and also they shall conform to IS : 2690.
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Specifications RVNL
2404.2 Preparation of Surface
The surface of concrete terracing shall be hacked, roughened and

cleaned of dust and other foreign matter. Also rounding of concrete at
junctions with parapet walls, chimneystacks, etc., shall not be done, as
this will interfere with tile paving. The surface shall be wetted before
applying mortar.
2404.3 Paving and Grouting
Cement mortar of 1:3 mix ( 1 cement : 3 ordinary sand) with crude oil to
IS: 2119 added in prescribed proportions shall be spread evenly in a
minimum thickness of 12 mm layer over the surface to the required
slope. Brick tiles, which have been soaked in water for at least an hour
before hand, shall then be laid open jointed and flat on the mortar and
lightly pressured, and set to plane surface true to slope, etc., using a
trowel and wooden straight edge. The joints shall not be more than 6
mm wide. The tiles shall be laid with their longitudinal lines of joints
truly parallel and horizontal and at right angles to the sloping edges of
the roof. As soon as the paving is done, open joints shall be grouted
with cement mortar 1:3 (1 cement : 3 ordinary sand). Care shall be
taken to see that no joint is left unfilled or inadequately filled. The joints
shall be finished smooth and flush with brick surface. Where slope is
proposed to be made up with cement mortar, the thickness of mortar at
lowest and shall be 12 mm.
2404.4 Curing
Tile paving shall be cured for seven days during which period, it shall
be suitably protected from damage.
Measurements shall be taken in square meters computed to nearest

two decimal places for finished work in superficial covered area
including bearing area.
Deductions for all openings or gaps shall be made irrespective of size

but nothing extra material or labour involved in forming such openings
or gaps.
2404.6 Rate
Contract unit rate for paving with brick or pressured tiles shall include
cost of all materials, labour and tools and plants involved in all
operations described above.
2405 PAINTING OF ROOF SLAB WITH HOT BITUMEN

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Specifications RVNL
2405.1 Preparing the Surface
The surface shall be painted when it is thoroughly dry. The surface to

be painted shall be cleaned with wire brushes and cotton or gunny
cloth. All loose materials and scale shall be removed and the surface
further cleaned with a piece of cloth lightly soaked in kerosene oil.
2405.2 Painting with bitumen
The prepared surface shall be painted uniformly with bitumen of the

specified grade, such as Bharat bitumen 80/100 , Bharat cut back
bitumen or equivalent, after heating it to required temperature as per
specifications of manufacturers. The coat of bitumen shall be continued
at least 15 cm along vertical surface joining the roof. In case of parapet
walls, it shall be continued upto drip course.
2405.2.1 Bharat bitumen 80/100 shall be heated to a temperature of not less

than 180 degree centigrade and not more than 190 degree centigrade
and shall be applied on roof surface at not less than 180 degree
centigrade. Similarly, Bharat cut back bitumen shall be heated to a
temperature of not less than 165 degree centigrade and not more than
170 degree centigrade and shall be applied on the surface at not less
than 165 degree centigrade.
2405.2.2 Care shall be taken to see that no blank patches are left. Quantity of
bitumen to be applied shall be 1.70 kg per sqm of roof surface, unless
otherwise specified and shall be carefully regulated so that application
is uniform at the stipulated price.
2405.3 Spreading of sand
Immediately after painting, dry, clean, sharp and coarse sand at the
rate of 0.60 cum per 100 sqm shall be evenly spread over the applied bitumen
and levelled over the surface while the bitumen is still hot
2405.4 Measurements for Payment
Superficial area of surface painted shall be measured in sqm to nearest

two decimal places. No deductions in measurement shall be made for
unpainted area of roof slabs occupied by chimneystacks, roof light,
etc., each upto 0.4 sqm in area.
2405.5 Rate
Contract unit rate for roof painting with bitumen shall include the cost of
all materials and labour required to complete the work as described
above.
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Specifications RVNL
2406 MUD PHUSKA TERRACING WITH TILE BRICK PAVING
2406.1 Mud Mortar
2406.1.1 Mud mortar shall be prepared from good brick earth. Sample of earth to
be used and source of supply, should be got approved by engineer in
advance. This shall be free from grass, roots, gravel, kankar, etc. The
earth shall contain no efflorescent salts, nor shall it be collected from a
locality where there are white ants. The dry earth shall be reduced to
fine powder and mixed with plenty of water in a pit, adding chopped
straw (bhoosa) at 8 kg per cum of mud mortar.
2406.1.2 The mixture of earth, straw and water shall be allowed to mature for not
less than 4 days. During this period it shall be worked up at intervals
with feet and spades so that it gets pugged into a homogenous mass
free from lumps and clods.
2406.1.3 Consistency of the mortar shall be adjusted by taking it in a trowel and

observing how it slides of the face of the trowel. The mortar shall
readily slide off, but at the same time shall not be so wet to part into
large drops before falling.
2406.2 LAYING
2406.2.1 When the sub- floor is ready to receive roof finish, the prepared soil
shall be laid on the terrace to requisite thickness and slope in a single
layer and consolidated with wooden rammers so as to obtain optimum
density. Ramming shall be done till consolidation is completed. The
finished surface shall slope evenly from all sides towards rain water
spouts.
2406.2.2 Consolidated thickness of the layer and slope shall be as specified in

drawings or schedule or by engineer, but in no case less than 5 cm.
The surface shall be checked with a straight edge and spirit level and
corrected with same mortar where necessary.
2406.2.3 The surface shall be allowed to dry for a period of not less than 24
hours. If any cracks appear, these shall be filled with liquid cow dung
and properly worked in and completed.
2406.3 Mud Gobri Plaster
2406.3.1 The surface shall then be given a coat of plaster with gobri mortar 3:1
( 3 mud : 1 cow dung). The coat will be of thickness as specified under
item of work.
2406.3.2 Cow dung is soaked in water to free it from grass, straw, seeds and
other impurities. It shall then be sieved, if necessary. Fine earth shall
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Specifications RVNL
be added to this solution in the ratio of 3 parts by volume of fine earth
to one part of cow dung. The two shall be thoroughly incorporated by
mixing and adding sufficient water so that the mortar is in a workable
state. The surface shall be checked for slopes etc. and corrected as
necessary.
2406.4 Paving with brick tiles and grouting
2406.4.1 Specifications shall be the same as under Clause 2404 and

subsequent sub clauses except that is lying, the brick tiles shall be laid
flat on the mud gobri plaster before the plaster dries up completely (not
over a cement mortar layer). Joints shall be grouted with a cement
mortar 1:3.
2406.4.2 Care shall also be exercised to see that mud gobri mortar does not rise
into vertical joints of tiles by more than 12 mm and that grouting of
these joints with cement mortar is complete and no joint remains
unfilled or partly filled as to become a source of leakage.
2406.5 Measurement of Payment
240.5.1 Measurements shall be taken for finished work, (mud phuska terracing
of the stipulated thickness, with mud gobri plaster and flat tile paving
and grouting), over the tiled surface in superficial area in square metre
computed to two decimal places.
2406.5.2 No deductions in measurements shall be made for either openings or

recesses for chimney stacks, roof lights etc. of area upto 0.4 sq m.
Nothing extra material or labour involved in forming such openings,
recess etc. For areas exceeding 0.4 sq m, deductions will be made in
measurements for the full opening but nothing extra shall be paid for
any extra labour, material etc, in forming such openings.
2406.6 Rate
2406.6.1 Contract unit rate for mud phuska terracing shall include cost of all
materials. (including gobri and tiles), labour and tools and plants
involved in all operations described above.
2407 WATER POOFING OF ROOFS WITH BITUMEN FELTS
2407.1 General
Unless otherwise specified, normal bitumen felt water proofing

treatment of roofs shall consist of the following four courses:
a. Hot applied bitumen @ 1.2 kg per square metre minimum.
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Specifications RVNL
b. Hessian-base self-finished felt Type 3, Grade-I or other
approved manufactured supply.
c. Hot applied bitumen @ 1.2 kg per square metre minimum.
d. Pea-size gravel or grit @ 0.006 cum per sqm, minimum.
2407.1.1 For severe climatic conditions, a large number of courses may be

necessary and a six course treatment as below, may be required, if so
ordered by engineer :
a. Hot applied bitumen @ 1.2 kg per square metre minimum.
b. Hessian-base self-finished felt Type 3, Grade-I or other

approved manufacturer supply.
c. Hot applied bitumen @ 1.2 kg per square metre minimum.
d) Hessian base self-finished felt Type 3, Grade-1 or other

approved manufactured supply
e) Hot applied bitument @ 1.2 kg per square metre, minimum.
f) Pea-size gravel or grit @ 0.006 cum per sqm.
2407.1.2 Extra heavy treatment, where ordered, may be given for very severe
conditions as specified in IS: 1346.
2407.2 Materials
2407.2.1 Self finished felt
Self finished felt shall be of type and grade specified in the description
of the item and shall conform in all respects to IS:1322. Felts of Type 2
Grades 1 and 2 are fibre base felts while Type 3 Grade I is Hessian-
base felt. Self-finished felt shall have I.S.I. certification marks
throughout.
2407.2.2 Bitumen
Bitumen used for bonding shall be either “Blown or oxidised bitumen”
or suitable residual bitumen. Suitable blown bitumens are Bharat
Industrial Bitumen R-86/25, or equivalent. Suitable residual bitumens
are Bharat Bitumen 20/30 or 30/40 or equivalent. Suitable working
temperature for different grades of bitumen are:
a) Bharat Industrial Bitumen 177 degree C

R-85/25
b) Bharat Bitumen 30/40 177 degree C to
191 degree C
c) Any other approved As specified by
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bitumen sheet manufacturer
Generally, blown bitumen shall be used for vertical surfaces and

flashing and residual bitumen for flat surfaces. Blown bitumen shall
conform to IS:702 and residual bitumen to IS:73.
2407.2.3 Stone grit or Pea-gravel
Stone grit or pea-gravel shall be of 6 mm and down size. Grit or gravel

shall be free from dust, dirt etc. The stone grit or pea-gravel shall be
spread uniformly at the specified volume of material per unit area.
Stone grit or pea-gravel shall not be spread over vertical and sloping
faces of flashing, and at drain mouths. At these places, surface shall
be painted with two coats of oxidised bitumen.
2407.3 Preparation of roof surface
2407.3.1 The surface to be treated shall have a minimum slope of 1 in 120. This
grading shall be carried out with lime concrete, cement concrete or
cement plaster, as ordered by engineer to average thickness required
and finished smooth. This grading with concrete or mortar shall be
paid for separately.
2407.3.2 At the junction between roof and vertical faces of parapet walls,
chimneys, etc. a concrete fillet in lime concrete or cement concrete
shall be provided. The cost of fillets (all labour and materials) shall be
deemed to be covered by the rate for the water proofing item and shall
not be measured or paid for separately.
2407.3.3 For carrying over the tucking in water proofing felts into parapet walls,
chimney stacks etc., a horizontal groove about 7.5 cm wide, 6.5 cm
deep , with its lower edge not less than 15 cm above the graded roof
surface, shall be left on the inner face of the same during construction.
Where such a groove has not been left, the same shall be cut out
neatly and the base and rear of the groove shall be finished smooth
with cement plaster 1:4. Such cutting or groove and its finishing
smooth (including cost of all labour and materials) shall be deemed to
be a part of water proofing item and shall not be measured or paid for
separately. No deduction shall be made either, for not making the
groove when the latter has already been left in the masonry during
construction.
2407.3.4 Tucking in of water proofing felt will be required where the parapet wall
exceeds 45 cm in height from the graded surface. In case of low
parapets where the height does not exceed 45 cm, no groove shall be
provided and water-proofing treatment shall be carried right over the
top of the parapet wall to its full thickness.
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2407.3.5 When a pipe passes through a roof on which water proofing treatment
is to be laid, cement concrete angle fillet shall be applied round it and
water proofing treatment taken over the fillet as specified in IS:1346.
2407.3.6 Drain outlets shall not be less than 10 cm in diameter and shall be
suitably placed with respect to the roof gradient to ensure rapid
drainage and prevent local accumulation of water on roof surface.
Masonry drain mouths shall be widened to 2-1/2 times the diameter of
the drain and rounded with cement mortar, nothing extra being paid for
the same.
2407.3.7 Roof surface and concrete fillets and faces of walls, shall be thoroughly
cleaned with wire brushes and all loose scale, fungus, moss, dust, etc.
removed. The surface shall then be dusted off. Any cracks in the roof
shall be cut to V section, cleaned and filled up flush with blown bitumen
e.g. Bharat Industrial Bitumen, R-85/25 or equivalent. Nothing extra
shall be paid for such cleaning of surface or treating of the cracks.
2407.4 Priming Coat
2407.4.1 Where so specified by engineer, a priming coat consisting of a

bituminous solution of suitable viscosity shall be applied with brush on
the roof and wall surface at the specified weight per unit area, to assist
adhesion of the bonding material i.e. bitumen. Such application of the
primer shall be paid for separately, unless specifically included in the
description of the water proofing item in drawing or schedule.
2407.5 Under-lay
Where a floating treatment of water proofing with self finished bitumen

felts is required i.e. where water proofing treatment is required to be
isolated from roof structure, a layer of bitumen saturated felt (underlay)
shall be spread over roof surface and tucked into the flashing grooves.
No bonding material shall be used below the underlay in order to keep
the underlay free of the structure. Adjoining strips of underlay shall
overlap to a minimum of 7.5 cm at the sides and 10 cm at the ends.
Overlaps shall be sealed with the same boding material as used for self
finished felt treatment.
The underlay shall be Type I saturated felt conforming to IS:1322.
Unless specifically included in the description of water proofing item,

underlay treatment shall be paid for separately.
2407.6 Laying roofing treatment
2407.6.1 Water proofing shall consist of a four or six course treatment as

specified in drawing or schedule, each layer of bonding material, self
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finished bitumen felt of stone grit being counted as a course. The
primer or underlay, where required to be provided, shall not count
against the number of courses specified.
2407.6.2 After the surface has been prepared and cement mortar, wherever
used, has set and dried, laying shall be started. Self finished felt shall
be cut to required length, brushed clean of dusting material and laid out
flat on the roof, to eliminate curls and subsequent stretching. Felt shall
be laid in lengths at right angle to the direction of the slope and laying
shall commence at the lowest level and worked upto crest. The felt
shall not be laid in single piece of very long lengths as they are likely to
shrink; 6 to 8 metres are suitable lengths.
2407.6.3 Each length of felt shall be laid in position and rolled up for a distance
of half its length. Hot bonding material shall be poured on the roof
across the full width of the rolled felt as the latter is steadily rolled out
and pressed down. It shall be ensured that no air bubbles get trapped
under the felt layer. Pouring shall be so regulated that correct weight
of bonding material per unit area is spread uniformly over the surface.
Excess bonding material that gets squeezed out at the ends shall be
levelled up as laying proceeds.
2407.6.4 When the first half of the strip of felt has been bonded to the roof, the
other half shall be rolled up and then un-rolled on to the hot bonding
material in the same way. Subsequent strips shall also be laid in the
same manner.
2407.6.5 Each strip shall overlap the preceding one by at least 7.5 cm at the
longitudinal edges and 10 cm at the ends. All over laps shall be firmly
bonded with hot bitumen. Streaks and tailings of bitumen near edges
of laps shall be levelled by heating the overlaps with a blow lamp
levelling down unevenness.
2407.6.6 The third layer of bonding material in the four course treatment shall be
carried out in a similar manner after flashing has been completed.
2407.6.7 In a six course treatment, the third and fourth layers of bonding
material and self finished felt shall be laid in the manner already
described, taking care that laps in the felt are staggered from those in
the second layer.
2407.6.8 The fifth layer of bonding material shall be carried out after flashing is
done.
2407.7 Flashing
2407.7.1 Felt shall be laid as flashing wherever junctions of vertical and

horizontal structures occur with a minimum overlap of 10 cm. The
lower edge of flashing shall overlap the felt laid on flat portion of the
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roof; and the upper edge of the flashing shall be tucked into the groove
made in the parapet on the vertical face of the wall. Each layer shall
be so arranged that the joints are staggered with those of the layer
beneath it.
2407.7.2 After all the layers specified have been laid and flashing properly
bonded, the groove shall be filled with cement mortar 1:4 which, when
set, will satisfactorily secure the treatment to the wall. The groove
filling shall be cured by water for at least 7 days after filling.
2407.8 Measurement for Payment
Water proofing of roofs with bitumen felts shall be measured in sq

meter correct to two places of decimal. The length and breadth shall
be measured correct to a cm. Measurements shall be taken over the
entire exposed area of roofing and flashing treatment including flashing
over low parapet walls, low dividing walls, pipe projections etc. These
include extra sheets used for overlapping at joints. Overlaps and
tucking into flashing grooves shall not therefore be measured as extra.
Vertical and sloping surfaces of water proofing treatment shall be
measured under the four or six course treatment as the case may be,
irrespective of the fact that the final course of grit is replaced by
bitumen primer.
Primer or saturated felt underlay, where provided shall also be

measured in the same manner as water proofing treatment and paid for
separately.
2407.9 Rate
Unless otherwise specified, contract unit rate shall include cost of all
labour and materials , required for the complete work as per
operations described above, including cutting and finishing grooves,
widening drain outlets, providing concrete fillets at the junctions of
vertical and flat surfaces, etc. with the exception noted in the relevant
sub clauses. Cost of regarding existing roof surface or removal of old
water proofing treatment, shall be paid for separately.
2408 KHURRAS
2408.1 General
Khurras shall be of 45 x 45 cm size, unless otherwise specified and

shall be formed of cement concrete 1:2:4 mix (1 cement : 2 coarse
sand : 4 stone chips of 20 mm nominal gauge). The concrete shall be
laid to an average thickness of 2 cm with its edges not less than 20 mm
lower than adjoining roof surface. Concrete shall be laid to a size
greater than the stipulated size of the Khurra in such a way that
adjoining terracing, whether of lime concrete or of brick tiles shall
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overlap the concrete or of brick tiles shall overlap the concrete on its
three edges by not less than 7.5 cm. Concrete shall be sloping
uniformly from the edges to the outlet and shall be continued at the
same slope through the width of the wall into the outlet opening to
ensure a water tight joint.
2408.2 Khurras and the side of outlets shall then be rendered with 12 mm coat
of cement plaster 1:3 mix (1 cement : 3 ordinary sand). This shall be
done when the concrete is still green and shall be finished with a
floating coat of neat cement. Sides of Khurras and their outlets shall
be well rounded. Curing shall be done for 10 days.
Khurras shall be measured in numbers.
2408.4 Rate
Contract unit rate for each completed khurra of specified size should
include cost of all materials and labour required for formation of khurras
and outlet openings including iron gratings.
2409 RAIN WATER PIPES
2409.1 Materials
Down take pipes for rain water shall be provided where specified or as
shown in drawings. Pipes shall be of PVC, cast iron or Asbestos
cement of the specified bore. They shall conform to I.S. Specifications;
they shall be straight, true, smooth, cylindrical, sound, homogenous
and free from cracks / flaws. C.I. pipes shall be factory painted with a
tar based composition, both inside and outside, which shall be smooth
and tenacious.
2409.2 Fixing C.I. Pipes
C.I. rain water pipes provided with lugs, shall be fixed by screwing the
projecting lugs to wooden blocks embedded in cement mortar in wall
masonry. Wooden blocks shall be so fixed as to hold the pipe about 30
mm from wall face to facilitate cleaning, painting etc. If the pipes are
not provided with lugs, they shall be secured to the wall by means of
holder bat clamps. Pipes and fittings shall be fixed perfectly vertical or
along the lines, as directed.
2409.3 Fixing Asbestos Cement Pipes
AC pipes shall be fixed in the same manner as CI pipes, except that

they shall be fixed with M.S. holder bat clamps. The clamp shall fit
closely round the pipe and have lugs for screwing to wooden blocks.,
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Specifications RVNL
PVC pipes shall be fixed in the same manner as AC pipes. Due to
their lighter nature, the clamps shall be more closely spaced.
2409.4 Jointing
Spigot of the upper CI pipe shall be properly fitting in the socket of the
lower pipe, so that there is a uniform annular space for filling with
jointing material. Annular space between spigot and socket shall be
filled in about 1/3rd depth with spun yard soaked in neat cement slurry
for CI rain water pipes. In case of AC pipes, spun yard shall be soaked
in bitumen. The spun yarn shall then be filled with stiff cement sand
mortar 1:2 (1 cement : 2 ordinary sand ) well pressed with caulking tool
and finished smooth at top at an angle of 45 degree sloping up. In the
case of PVC pipes, joints shall be made with coupling supplied with the
pipes screwed in or with prescribed adhesives, so that joints are made
leak proof.
2409.5 Curing
Joints shall be cured for 7 days in case of CI and AC pipes.
Pipes shall be measured net, when fixed, excluding fittings clamps etc.
along their length. Collars shall be measured along with pipes as part
of them; nothing extra shall be paid for providing and fixing collars. No
allowance shall be made for portion of a pipe length entering in
adjacent socket/ coupling.
2409.7 Rate
Contract unit rate shall include cost of all materials and labour, involved
in all operations described above, including jointing. (Rates include
cost of CI /AC / PVC rain water pipes, standard holder bat clamps,
nails, screws, wooden blocks, bitumen, spun yarn etc.) Payment shall
be made separately for specials (head, shoe, bend and offset).
2410. CEMENT CONCRETE GOLA
2410.1 Specifications for cement concrete for Gola shall be as described in

Section 600.
2410.2 Gola
2410.2.1 A chase of 75 mm wide by 75 mm deep shall be cut in the parapet wall

at the junction of mud phuska and parapet wall and it shall be filled with
cement concrete 1:2:4 (1 cement : 2 coarse sand : 4 stone aggregate
10 mm nominal size) with a slope of 1:0.75 and the exposed surface of
the gola shall be plastered with cement mortar 1:3 (1 cement : 3 fine
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Specifications RVNL
sand). Water proofing admixture shall be added as directed by
engineer.
2410.2.2 Expansion joint at every 3.5 to 4.5 metres shall be provided and filled
with bitumen filler. The bitumen filler shall be prepared by mixing in
proportion of 80:1:0.25 (80 kg of not bitumen : 1 kg of cement : 0.25
cum of coarse sand).
2410.3 Curing
The finished work shall be cured for at least 7 days.
The length of the finished gola shall be measured at its junction with
the wall correct to a cm. No deduction shall be made in measurements
for gaps for water outlets.
2410.5 Rate
Rate shall include the costs of all materials and labour involved in all
operations described above including cost of bitumen filler in expansion
joint. The rate includes work for all turnings and rounds at all the
corners and risers.
2411 ASBESTOS CEMENT CORRUGATED SHEET ROOFING
2411.1 Asbestos sheets corrugated or semi-corrugated shall be of the

specified approved quality, and shall conform to IS: 459. The sheets
shall be free from cracks, chipped edges or corners and other
damages.
2411.2 Roof shall be given the required slope. Normal pitch adopted shall
usually be 1 vertical to 3 horizontal unless other wise specified in
drawings or specified by engineer.
2411.3 Laying
2411.3.1 Sheets shall be laid over the purlins and trusses / rafters and other roof
members as indicated on working drawings or directed by engineer.
The finished roof shall present a uniform slope and the line of
corrugations shall be straight and true. Sheets shall be laid with
smooth side upwards.
2411.3.2 Sheets shall be laid with a side lap of half a corrugation while for semi-
corrugated sheets, it shall be one corrugation and an end lap of 15 cm
minimum. Side lap should be laid on the side facing away from the
prevailing monsoon winds.
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Specifications RVNL
2411.3.3 The free overhand of the sheets at the eaves shall not exceed 30 cm.
Sheets shall generally be laid from left to right starting at eaves. The
first sheet shall be laid uncut but the remaining sheets in the bottom
row shall have the top left hand corners cut or mitred. The sheet in the
second and other intermediate rows except the first and the last
sheets, shall have both the top left hand corner and bottom right hand
corner cut or mitred. The first sheets in these rows shall however have
only the bottom right hand corner mitred while the last sheet shall have
only the top left hand corner cut. The last or top row sheet shall all
have the bottom right hand corner cut with the exception of the last
sheet which shall be laid uncut. If, for any reason, such as
consideration of the direction of prevailing winds, laying must be
started from the bottom right hand corner, the whole procedure should
be reversed. Semi-corrugated AC sheets shall invariably be laid from
right to left starting at the eaves, with the procedure for mitring
reversed.
2411.3.4 The procedure described above is necessary to provide a snug mitred

close fit when four sheets meet at a lap. It is cut from a point 15 cm (or
wherever the length of the end lap may be) up the vertical side of the
sheet to a point 5 cm along the horizontal edge. This cutting may be
done with an ordinary wood saw at site.
2411.4 Fixing
2411.4.1 Sheet shall be secured to the purlins and other roof members by
means of G.I. J or L hook bolts and nuts or crank bolts of approved
type and size. The dia of the bolts shall not be less than 8 mm. The
grip of J or L hook bolt on the side of the purlin shall not be less than
25 mm.
2411.4.2 Each GI `J’ or `L’ hook bolts shall have a bitumen washer and a
galvanized iron washer placed over the sheet before the njt is screwed
down from above. On each purlin there shall be one hook bolt on the
crowns adjacent to the side lap on either side.
2411.4.3 Each nut shall be screwed lightly at first. After a dozen or more sheets
are laid, the nut shall be tightened to ensure a leak proof joint.
2411.4.4. Holes or hook bolts etc. shall be drilled and not punched in the ridges
of the corrugation in the exact position to suit the purlins while the
sheets are on the roof in their correct position. The diameter of holes
shall be 2 mm more than the diameter of the fixing bolts. No hole shall
be nearer than 40 mm to any edge of a sheet or any accessory.
2411.4.4 While laying and fixing the sheets, roof ladders or planks shall always
be used to avoid damage to sheets and to provide security to the
workmen. The laying operation shall include all scaffolding work
involved.
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Specifications RVNL
2411.5 Wind ties
Wind ties of 40 x 6 mm flat iron section or of other size as specified,

shall be fixed at the eave ends of the sheets. The fixing shall be done
with the same hook bolts which secure the sheds to the purlin.
2411.6 Ridge and Hips
Ridges shall be of approved type and make. For hips special pieces
shall be used. Ridges and hips shall be laid as per manufacturer’s
instructions.
2411.7.1 A.C. sheet roofing work shall be measured as the finished work in
superficial area flat in the plane of roof..
2411.7.2 Length and breadth shall be measured correct to a cm and its area
shall be calculated in square metres correct to two places of decimals.
2411.7.3 Laps between sheets both at the end and at the sides shall not be
measured.
2411.7.4 Overlaps over valley gutters, roof light sheets and eaves filler pieces
and the underlay of the corrugated sheets below ridges, hips, north
light curves, apron flashing pieces, roof light sheets and barge boards
shall be treated included in the measurements and not measured
separately.
2411.7.5 Deductions will be made in the measurements for roof light sheets, if
any, but no deduction shall be made for holes cut for extractors or cowl
type ventilators.
2411.7.6 Roof with curved sheets shall be measured and paid for separately.
2411.7.7 No deduction in measurements shall be made for openings in roof such

as chimney stacks, Ventilators etc. each of area upto 0.4 sqm nor shall
any extra be paid for extra labour in cutting, wastage etc. In forming
such openings. For openings exceeding 0.4 sqm deductions shall be
made in measurements for the full opening but nothing extra shall be
paid for any extra labour or material in forming such openings.
2411.7.8 In case of ridges, valleys and hips, measurements shall be linear and
taken for the finished work along the centre line of the ridge and hip
line in length correct to a cm. The laps in adjacent ridge or hip pieces
shall not be measured.
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Specifications RVNL
2411.8 Rate
2411.8.1 Rate shall include all cost of materials and labour involved in all the
operations described above i.e. the cost of A.C. roofing sheets, `J’ or
`L’ hook bolts and nuts, G.I. Seam bolts and nuts, bitumen and G.I.
washers etc. Rate also includes cost of provision, erection and
removal of scaffoldings, benching, ladders, templates and tools
required for the proper execution and erection of the work.
2411.8.2 Rate shall exclude providing and fixing of wind ties. Cost of roof
members (rafters, purlins etc.) and specials. These shall be paid for
separately. Extra will be payable for fixing cowls, ventilators,
extractors, AC chimneys etc as provided for in the schedule of as
agreed to by engineer.
2412 FALSE CEILING
2412.1 General
False ceiling may be of the following types:
- Wooden ceiling
- Ceiling with soft insulation boards
- Ceiling with hard boards or particle boards etc.
The frame may be of wooden, metal or any specified materials as

mentioned in the description of item.
Covering are fixed to the ceiling to give a decorative appearance to

conceal projections or to provide a false ceiling, and also sometimes to
obtain special acoustic effects, and / or insulation against heat and
cold.
If they are of any special type or of proprietary nature, the

manufacturer’s representative shall be present throughout the period of
installation of ceiling and its accessories and the manufacturer shall
submit a certificate and guarantee of trouble free performance.
Shop drawings and design for false ceiling shall be submitted by the
contractor for approval in consultation with the manufacturer and in
conformity with the architectural drawings. Thereafter, if necessary the
shop drawings shall be suitably modified and re-submitted by the
contractor promptly on receiving the comments from the engineer.
If work is proposed to be carried out with commonly used ceiling

materials (like Asbestos boards, ply-boards , thermo-cole sheets etc.)
and fabricated supporting elements, architectural design and drawings
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Specifications RVNL
including working drawings, will be got approved by Engineer.
Architect should visit the work during progress to ensure that quality of
materials and work are in conformity with the design and specifications.
2412.2 Materials
2412.2.1 The materials shall be as specified in the item and conforming to the
relevant Indian Standard Specifications or any other standards, even
foreign and shall be got approved from engineer before use.
2412.2.2 Thickness and type of board shall be as specified in the item. Frame
work shall be done as per drawings, and strictly adhere to
manufacturer’s work specifications conforming to the relevant standard
practices to the full satisfaction of engineer.
2412.2.3 All materials shall be carefully handled, stored and conditioned (if
required) before use as per manufacturer’s specifications.
2412.2.4 Nails and screws shall be as specified by the manufacturers. They

should to a large extent be corrosion resistant.
2412.2.5 Frame work shall be given two coats of suitable approved preservative
paint (preferably odourless), before the ceiling covering is fixed.
2412.2.6 The bottom surface of the frame shall be checked and corrected to true
planes and slopes.
2412.2.7 The exposed side of the ceiling surface shall be truly level and plane
without any local bulges or sags. Care shall be taken to see that the
finishing of covering sheets/pads/sections is not spoiled during the
fixing operations.
2412.2.8 Measurements for Payment
Measurement will be in terms of finished area in plan. Ceiling length

and width shall be measured correct to cm and area computed in
square metres correct to two places of decimal of superficial area of
the finished work as per approved drawings and specifications.
No deduction in measurements shall be made for openings of area

upto 0.4 sqm each. For opening exceeding 0.4 sqm each in area,
deduction in measurements for the full opening shall be made. Nothing
extra shall, however, be payable for any extra material or labour
involved in forming the openings and supporting edges, in either case.
2412.3 Rate
Contract unit rate shall include supply installation and finishing with all
accessories as per approved drawings and specifications given above.
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Specifications RVNL
ANNEXURE 2400.1
PREPARATION OF LIME MORTAR AND LIME CONCRETE
(Sub Clause 2401.1.2)
1. Preparation of Lime Mortar
1.1 This shall be prepared by mixing and grinding lime putty, sand and surkhi in
given proportions, as specified in the items of work.
1.2 Mixing and Grinding
1.2.1 Using Factory made dry hydrated lime powder
i) Using mechanical mixer
The ingredients of the mortar shall be fed into mechanical mixer

and mixed dry before adding water. After dry mixing is
complete, just sufficient quantity of water shall be added to bring
it to a working consistency. The mortar shall be mixed at least
for three minutes after the addition of water.
ii) Hand Mixing
In the case of small works, where the use of mechanical mixer is

not feasible in the opinion of engineer, the mortar shall be hand
mixed. The ingredients of the mortar shall be mixed dry on
water tight masonry platforms or in troughs by hand mixing and
then the mortar shall be hoed back and forth for 10 to 15
minutes with the addition of required quantity of water to get the
mortar of necessary working consistency.
1.3 Generally, only as much quantity of mortar as will be sufficient for the day’s
work shall be mixed at a time.
2. Plain Lime Concrete
2.1 Aggregate
All aggregate for the concrete shall be broken from approved stone or
from well or over-burnt broken bricks; it shall be hard, strong, durable,
perfectly clean and free from all impurities. The aggregate shall be well
graded and of the specified gauge. All aggregate is to be screened
over ISI Sieve 4.75 mm to remove dust and rubbish. Kankar may also
be used as aggregate in lime concrete where so specified by the
engineer.
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Specifications RVNL
Aggregate shall contain no deleterious material in quantity sufficient to
reduce the strength or the durability of the concrete. The following
materials are prohibited :
i) Coal and coal residue, etc.
ii) Soluble sulphate, gypsum.
2.2 Lime Mortar
Lime mortar of specified mix shall be used. It should be prepared, as

described above. Mortar which has set or has not been used for more
than 48 hours (or less, if directed) shall be rejected and removed by the
contractor at his own expense. 38 parts of wet mortar shall be used
with every 100 parts of the aggregate.
Note
52 parts of dry lime mortar and 45.5 parts of dry kankar lime mortar will
yield 38 parts of wet mortar.
2.3 Machine Mixing
Shall be done by pouring measured quantity of aggregate and wet

ground mortar for one batch in the drum of the mixer, while it is
revolving. The quantity of materials loaded in the drum shall not
exceed the rated capacity of the mixer. The water shall be added
slowly upto the required quantity and the wet mixing of batch shall be
continued for at least two minutes in the drum till a uniform mix of
required consistency is obtained. The consistency of the concrete shall
be such that the mortar does not tend to separate from the coarse
aggregate. The entire concrete of batch shall be discharged before the
materials for the new batch are poured into the drum. Before
suspending the work, the mixer shall be cleaned by revolving the drum
with plenty of water each time.
2.3.2 Hand Mixing
Shall be done on clean and water tight masonry platform of sufficient

size to provide ample mixing space only where mechanical mixing is
not feasible in the opinion of engineer. The specified wet lime mortar
shall be laid on the top of the aggregate. The whole shall then be
turned over and over with addition of necessary quantity of water till a
uniform mix of required consistency is obtained. The consistency of
the concrete shall be such that the mortar shall not tend to separate
from the coarse aggregate.
No more concrete should be mixed then can be laid in one day.

Concrete left over at the close of day’s work will be rejected and
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Specifications RVNL
removed by the contractor at his own expenses. Before placing the
concrete, the sub-base shall be cleaned of all injurious matter, watered
and consolidated.
2.4 Field Test
The method of testing concrete for soundness and proper ramming to

be adopted in the field is described below.
Two days after ramming is completed, a hole shall be made wherever

ordered, and filled with water. If the water is retained in the hole it
means that the concrete is good; if the water runs through, it means
that the concrete is either not properly rammed or else insufficient
mortar has been used. Defective concrete which cannot be made to
pass the test by further ramming, shall be removed and replaced by
sound and well rammed concrete at the expenses of the contractor.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

SECTION 2400 Final

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Specifications RVNL

SECTION - 2400 : ROOFING

2401 LIME CONCRETE TERRACING ON ROOFS WITH BRICK BALLAST

2401.1.1 BRICK BALLAST

2401.1. 2 LIME MORTAR

2401.2.3 While beating of concrete is in progress, the surface shall be liberally

2401.3 Protection and Curing

Fresh concrete shall be thoroughly protected from rain by a layer of

Finished thickness of lime concrete shall be as specified in drawing or

2401.6 Measurement and Payments

No deductions in measurement shall be made for opening or recesses

The concrete bearing on the walls or under the parapets shall be

Where, however, such average thickness is found on measurement to

2402 LIME CONTRACT TERRACING USING CHEMICAL COMPOUND

2402.1.1 Chemical compound

Chemical compound of approved brand and manufacture e.g. “LUNA”

2402.1.2 Brick Ballast

2402.1.3 Lime Mortar

Materials and method of preparation of mortar and lime concrete shall

2402.1.4 In top roofs, 3.2 kg (or as specified by manufacturer )of chemical

2402.2.2 Concrete shall then be further consolidated with wooden hammers

2402.3 Other Details

The other procedure regarding protection, curing, thickness and

2402.4 Measurements for Payments

Sub Clause 2401.6 shall apply.

2403 LIME CONCRETE TERRACING ON ROOFS WITH KANKAR

2403.1.1 Kankar Ballast

Kankar ballast shall consist of 40 mm size well graded kankar.

2403.3 Other Details

Protection, curing and finishing shall be done as detailed in Sub-

2403.5 Measurements for Payments

Sub-Clause 2401.6 shall apply.

Sub-Clause 2401.7 shall apply.

2404 PAVING WITH BRICK TILES LAID FLAT ON ROOFS

The surface of concrete terracing shall be hacked, roughened and

2404.3 Paving and Grouting

2404.5 Measurements for Payments

Measurements shall be taken in square meters computed to nearest

Deductions for all openings or gaps shall be made irrespective of size

2405 PAINTING OF ROOF SLAB WITH HOT BITUMEN

2405.1 Preparing the Surface

The surface shall be painted when it is thoroughly dry. The surface to

2405.2 Painting with bitumen

The prepared surface shall be painted uniformly with bitumen of the

2405.2.1 Bharat bitumen 80/100 shall be heated to a temperature of not less

2405.3 Spreading of sand

2405.4 Measurements for Payment

Superficial area of surface painted shall be measured in sqm to nearest

2406.1 Mud Mortar

2406.1.3 Consistency of the mortar shall be adjusted by taking it in a trowel and

2406.2.2 Consolidated thickness of the layer and slope shall be as specified in

2406.3 Mud Gobri Plaster

2406.4 Paving with brick tiles and grouting

2406.4.1 Specifications shall be the same as under Clause 2404 and

2406.5 Measurement of Payment

2406.5.2 No deductions in measurements shall be made for either openings or

2407 WATER POOFING OF ROOFS WITH BITUMEN FELTS

Unless otherwise specified, normal bitumen felt water proofing

a. Hot applied bitumen @ 1.2 kg per square metre minimum.

d. Pea-size gravel or grit @ 0.006 cum per sqm, minimum.

2407.1.1 For severe climatic conditions, a large number of courses may be

a. Hot applied bitumen @ 1.2 kg per square metre minimum.

b. Hessian-base self-finished felt Type 3, Grade-I or other