EXPERIMENT # 1

VINEGAR ANALYSIS

NAME: AGUSTIN, SETH JARL G. CM011L/A3

PROGRAM/YEAR: CE - 1 DOP: FEBRUARY 27, 2020

GROUP N0. 3 DOS: MARCH 05, 2020

PRELIM DATA SHEET: /50

COVER: /10

OBJECTIVE: /10

REPORT SHEET: /20

CONCLUSION: /10

ELIZABETH ESPIRITU TOTAL: /100

PROFFESOR
 EXPERIMENT # 1
VINEGAR ANALYSIS

OBJECTIVES:

1. TO DETERMINE THE PERCENT BY MASS OF ACETIC

ACID IN VINEGAR
REPORT SHEET:

25.5 mL

25.5 mL

3.024% 3.048%
 SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS:

CALCULATION FOR TRIAL 1

CALCULATION FOR TRIAL 2

Average Percent by mass of CH3COOH

 LABORATORY QUESTIONS:

1. Part A.2. A 20-mL volume is previously boiled, deionized water is added to the
Erlenmeyer flask to prepare the sample for titration. Explain why this volume is
not critical to the analysis.
The volume of the water is not important since boiled and deionized water has
a pH level of 7 which is neutral, and in titration, we deal with acids and bases
which means that water with pH level of 7 must be used.

2. Part A.2. Previously boiled, deionized water is unavailable. In a hurry to pursue

the analysis, deionized water (not boiled) is added. How does this attempt to
expedite the analysis affect the reported percent acetic acid in vinegar: too high,
too low, or unaffected? Explain.

This attempt of using deionized water (not boiled) in the analysis will result to
a too low percentage of acetic acid. The water contains other ions and these
ions will add up to the total percentage that will cause the relative of acetic
acid in vinegar to go down.

3. Part A.2 and B.1. The 20-mL of water added to the Erlenmeyer flask is to be
previously boiled, deionized water. Since water absorbs CO2 from the atmosphere
and since CO2 dissolved in water causes it to be slightly acidic, will the use of
deionized water that has not been previously boiled caused the mass of acetic acid
in the vinegar to be calculated as too high or too low? Explain.

The CO2 dissolved in water will make the mass of acetic acid in the vinegar
higher than actual, since the presence of CO2 decreases the pH value of the
solution which also causes it to be slightly acidic.

4. Part A.2
a. In determining the percent acetic acid in vinegar, the mass of each vinegar
sample is measured rather than the volume. Explain.

Since the acetic acid is only 5% of the solution and it only allows us to
calculate the mass in grams, not in mL or L, then the mass of each vinegar
sample is the basis for measurement rather than the volume. Furthermore, the
mass is used in finding the percentage of the acetic acid that is why it being
measured.

b.If the vinegar were measured volumetrically, what additional piece of data
would be needed to complete the calculations for the experiment?

If the vinegar were measured volumetrically using a pipet, the additional piece
of data needed to complete the calculations is the density.

5. Part A.3. The buret is filled with the NaOH titrant and the initial volume reading
is immediately recorded without waiting the recommended 10-15 seconds. However
in Part B.1, the 10-15 second time lapse does occur before the reading is made.
Does this technique error result in an increase, a decrease or have no effect on the
reported percent acetic acid in the vinegar? Explain.

This technique error will increase the reported acetic acid in the vinegar
because the technique will allow the titrant to be drained completely for a
more accurate analysis.

6. Part B.1. The endpoint of the titration is overshot! Does this technique error
result in an increase, a decrease, or have no effect on the reported percent acetic
acid in the vinegar? Explain.

The percent acetic acid in the vinegar will be higher than the actual because
if there is more base then there will be more acid needed to neutralize it.

7. Part B.1. The wall of the flask is periodically rinsed with the previously boiled,
deionized water from the wash bottle. Does this titrimetric technique result in an
increase, a decrease, or have no effect on the reported percent acetic acid in the
vinegar? Explain.

This titrimetric technique has no effect on the reported percent acetic acid in
the vinegar because the deionized water doesn’t have any effect on the
number balance between the hydronium ions or hydroxide ions.

8. Part B.1. A drop of NaOH titrant, dispensed from the buret, adheres to the wall
of the Erlenmeyer flask but is not washed into the vinegar with the wash bottle.
Does this error in technique result in the reported percent of acetic acid being too
high, too low, or unaffected? Explain.

This will result to the percent of the acetic acid to yield higher than the
actual. If the drop of the base which is supposed to drop from the buret
adheres to the wall of the flask then the NaOH dropped from the buret is
higher than the actual required for the titration.
 CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS:

The objective of the vinegar analysis experiment is to determine the

percent by mass of the acetic acid in vinegar by performing titration,
particularly, the Acid-Base Titration. Now this type of titration method
is used for determining the unknown concentration of an acid or base
by exactly neutralizing it with an acid or base of known
concentration. In this case, since the vinegar is acidic and we want
to find the percent acetic acid within it, we then use NaOH as an
excess base. Afterwards, a pH indicator (Phenolphthalein) is used to
monitor the progress of the acid–base reaction, colorless if its still
acidic and pink if its already a basic solution. After the experiment,
we then determined the percent by mass acetic acid concentration in
vinegar and got calculations from 2 trials. We were able to compute
Average Percent by mass of CH3COOH in vinegar which yielded
3.036%, and when compared to the minimum federal standard of
accetic acid in the CH3COOH solution of 4%, then the experiment is
a success. I would like to give my recommendations to the future
experimenters who would perform the said experiment to specifically
get the accurate amounts of solutions needed because quality is
determined by accuracy and completeness. If the procedure tells you
to get 20mL of solution, then you will need precisely prepare 20mL of
that solution to get the most accurate and satisfying result.
Furthermore, practicing caution is important. Being careless may lead
to more trials in the experiment. One must carefully watch the
amounts of NaOH that is being used and when to refill the NaOH so
that you would not repeat the process again. It would only be a waste
of materials. So, I suggest that be attentive on getting the readings
on the buret for less errors in computations.