BYZANTIUM,

NOBILITY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1. SOME EARLY BYZANTINE NOBILITY
A. EIGHTH CENTURY
B. TENTH CENTURY
C. ELEVENTH CENTURY
Chapter 2. ANEMAS
Chapter 3. APOKAVKOS
Chapter 4. ASANES
Chapter 5. AXUCHES
Chapter 6. CHRYSELIOS
Chapter 7. DALASSENOS
Chapter 8. DASIOTES
Chapter 9. DOKEIANOS
Chapter 10. EUPHORBENOS
Chapter 11. GABRAS
Chapter 12. IASITES
Chapter 13. KALAMANOS
Chapter 14. KAMATEROS
Chapter 15. KAMYTZES
Chapter 16. KARANTENOS
Chapter 17. KASTAMONITES
Chapter 18. KEROULARIOS
Chapter 19. KONTOSTEPHANOS
Chapter 20. MAKREMBOLITES
Chapter 21. MAVROZOMES
Chapter 22. METOCHITES
Chapter 23. MOUSELE
Chapter 24. MOUZALON
Chapter 25. PEGONITES
Chapter 26. PETRALOIPHAS
Chapter 27. PHILANTHROPENOS
Chapter 28. PHOTIOS
Chapter 29. RALLIS [RAOUL]
Chapter 30. STRATEGOPOULOS
Chapter 31. SYNADENOS
Chapter 32. SYRGIANNES
Chapter 33. TARCHANEIOTES
Chapter 34. TARONITES
Chapter 35. TORNIKES

INTRODUCTION

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The main noble families of the Byzantine Empire which did not achieve imperial status are set out in this
document. It does not provide an exhaustive analysis of all such families but highlights those which married
into the imperial family or into royal and noble families in neighbouring countries. Extracts from many
Byzantine sources have been incorporated into this document, as discussed in the Introductions to the three
documents which set out the Byzantine imperial families. The on-line Prosopography of the Byzantine
World database (2006.02) produced by King's College, London[1] has also been consulted, especially for
Skylitzes and Skylitzes Continuatus (the original texts of which have not been seen) and seals. References
in western primary sources to the Byzantine emperors and their families have been incorporated where
identified. General historical information has been extracted and incorporated from secondary sources.
However, relatively little is known about the lives and careers of the Byzantine nobility. The genealogies
are in many cases fragmentary as documentary proof of relationships is sparse. The practice of adopting
family names of relatives who did not belong to the paternal line creates other difficulties in tracing these
family lines. By the 14th and 15th centuries, this led to the accumulation of four or even five family names
making it extremely hard to recognise the agnatic line.

I am grateful to Morris Bierbrier for reviewing an earlier version of this document and adding comments
where indicated.

Chapter 1. SOME EARLY BYZANTINE NOBILITY

A. EIGHTH CENTURY

Two brothers, parents not known:

1. KONSTANTINOS "Podopaguros" (-executed Constantinople 766). Theophanes names "primus
Constantinus patricius et publici cursus quondam logotheta, quem Podopagurum cognominavit, secundus
eius frater Stategius patricius et excubitorum domesticus…" among the leading nobles involved in a
rebellion against Emperor Konstantinos V, adding that "fratres quidem duos Constantinum…et Strategium"
were beheaded "in Cynegio"[2]. m ---. The name of Konstantinos´s wife is not known. Konstantinos & his
wife had one child:
a) STRATEGIOS . Theophanes records that "Strategium Podopaguri filium…insanientem…
adolescentum" was held in "monasterium…Dalmatarum"[3].
2. STATEGIOS (-executed Constantinople 766). Theophanes names "primus Constantinus patricius et
publici cursus quondam logotheta, quem Podopagurum cognominavit, secundus eius frater Stategius
patricius et excubitorum domesticus…" among the leading nobles involved in a rebellion against Emperor
Konstantinos V, adding that "fratres quidem duos Constantinum…et Strategium" were beheaded "in
Cynegio"[4].

3. ANTIOCHOS (-after 766). Theophanes names "…tertius Antiochus…logothetæ et Siciliæ ducis…"

among the leading nobles involved in a rebellion against Emperor Konstantinos V, and may have been one
of those blinded and exiled[5].

4. DAVID (-after 766). Theophanes names "…quartus David spatharius..et Opsicii comes…" among
the leading nobles involved in a rebellion against Emperor Konstantinos V, and may have been one of those
blinded and exiled[6].

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5. THEOPHILAKTOS (-after 766). Theophanes names "…quintus Theophylactus Iconiensis
protospatharius et Thraciæ dux…" among the leading nobles involved in a rebellion against Emperor
Konstantinos V, among those condemned to death but blinded and exiled[7].

6. CHRISTOFOROS (-after 766). Theophanes names "…sextus Christophorus Himerio patricio

spatharius assignatus…" among the leading nobles involved in a rebellion against Emperor Konstantinos V,
and may have been one of those blinded and exiled[8].

7. THEOPHILAKTOS (-after 766). Theophanes names "…octavus Theophylactus candidatus

Marianaci deputatus…" among the leading nobles involved in a rebellion against Emperor Konstantinos V,
and may have been one of those blinded and exiled[9].

B. TENTH CENTURY

1. KONSTANTINOS "Libos" (-killed in battle Achelous river 20 Aug 917). Protospatharios. The De
Administrando Imperio of Konstantinos Porphyrogenetos names "protospatharius Constantinus, Libis filius,
nunc proconsul, patricius et magnus hetæriarcha" when recording his daughter´s marriage and that he
appointed his son-in-law as governor of Taron[10]. Theophanes Continuatus records that Emperor Leon VI
invited "Κωνσταντίνου του Λιβός" to assist at the inauguration of "his monastery", the ceremony being
interrupted by a strong wind called "λέψ"[11]. Symeon Magister records that the "λέψ" storm occurred in
June in the twenty-second year of the emperor´s reign, although he does not mention either Konstantinos or
the inauguration[12]. Adontz proposes that Konstantinos derived his nickname from this event[13].
Although different Greek consonants are used in the two words "Λιβός" and "λέψ" in this passage, a later
extract names him "Κωνσταντίνος ο Λίψ" (see below). Theophanes Continuatus records that
"Κωνσταντίνου του Λιβός" participated in the rebellion of Konstantinos Doukas (in 913) but escaped[14].
Theophanes Continuatus names "Κωνσταντίνος ο Λίψ" among those killed in battle against the Bulgarians
at "Acheloum flumen" dated to 20 Aug "indictione quinta"[15]. m ---. The name of Konstantinos´s wife is
not known. Konstantinos & his wife had two children:
a) daughter . The De Administrando Imperio of Konstantinos Porphyrogenetos records that
"Apoganem Cricoricii Taronis principis fratrem" married "protospatharius Constantinus, Libis filius, nunc
proconsul, patricius et magnus hetæriarcha…filiam", his father-in-law having been appointed governor of
Taron[16]. m ([900]) as his second wife, APOGANEM, son of --- of Taron & his wife --- (-[900]).
b) BARDAS (-after [961/62]). Cedrenus records that "Basilios Volucris magister" led a revolt against
Emperor Romanos II in the second year of his reign ([961/62]), with "patricium Paschalium, patricium
Bardam Libis filium [Βάρδαν τόν του Λιβός] et Nicolaum Chalcutzam"[17]. The chronology suggests that
Bardas must have been younger than his sister, whose marriage is dated to [900] (although it is possible that
she was still a child at that date).

C. ELEVENTH CENTURY

1. ANDRONIKOS . Doux of Lydia. m ---. The name of Andronikos´s wife is not known.
Andronikos & his wife had one child:
a) MONGOS . Cedrenus records that, after returning to Constantinople in Jan 1024, Emperor Basileios
II sent forces "in Chatzariam" commanded by "duce Mongo Andronici duce Lydi filio" who, with the help
of "Sphengo fratre Bladimeri, eius qui Basilii imperatoris sororem in matrimonio habebat" (not yet
identified), subjugated the region and captured "principe eius Georgio Szulo" (also not yet identified)[18].
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2. NIKOLAOS (-after 1025). Cedrenus records that Emperor Konstantinos VIII, after his accession (in
1025), appointed "Nicolaum" as "famulorum cubiculi principem, scholarum domesticum et
accubitorem"[19].

3. NIKEPHOROS (-after 1025). Cedrenus records that Emperor Konstantinos VIII, after his accession
(in 1025), appointed "Nicephorum" as "protovestiarium"[20].

Four brothers:
1. NIKETAS (-[1034]). Doux of Antioch. Cedrenus records that "frater Constantinus" succeeded on
the death of "Niceta Antiochiæ in Syria præfecto", dated to [1034] from the context[21].
2. KONSTANTINOS . Doux of Antioch. Cedrenus records that "frater Constantinus" succeeded on
the death of "Niceta Antiochiæ in Syria præfecto", dated to [1034] from the context[22].
3. GEORGIOS . Cedrenus records that "fratrum reliquus Georgius fit protovestiarius, Simeone…
monasticam vitam ingresso" when "frater Constantinus" succeeded "Niceta Antiochiæ in Syria præfecto",
dated to [1034] from the context[23].
4. SIMEON (-after [1032]). Cedrenus records that Emperor Konstantinos VIII, after his accession (in
1025), appointed "Simeonem" as "drungarium vigiliæ"[24]. Cedrenus records that "fratrum reliquus
Georgius fit protovestiarius, Simeone…monasticam vitam ingresso" when "frater Constantinus" succeeded
"Niceta Antiochiæ in Syria præfecto", dated to [1034] from the context[25]. m ---, daughter of
KONSTANTINOS & his wife ---. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by Cedrenus who names
"Simeonem…scholarum domesticum" and "Constantini soceri sui", dated to [1032][26].

5. EUSTATHIOS (-after [1029/32]). Cedrenus records that Emperor Basileios appointed "Eustathium
patricium Daphnomelum" as governor of "Ionium…apud Eilisson castellum…caput…totius Bulgariæ",
dated to 1017[27]. Cedrenus records that Emperor Konstantinos VIII, after his accession (in 1025),
appointed "Eustathius" as "magnæ soliditatis ducem"[28]. Cedrenus records that "Eustathius patricius ac
dux Daphnomelus" was exiled on suspicion of involvement in the conspiracy allegedly led by Konstantinos
Diogenes, dated to [1029/32][29].

6. SPONDYLIS (-after [1032]). Cedrenus records that Emperor Konstantinos VIII, after his accession
(in 1025), appointed "Spondylen quemdam eunuchum" as "Antiochiæ ducem"[30]. Cedrenus records that
"Potho Argyro" captured an Arab prisoner who was taken in chains to Antioch but released by "Spondyles
Antiochiæ dux", dated to [1032][31].

7. NIKETAS (-after 1025). Cedrenus records that Emperor Konstantinos VIII, after his accession (in
1025), appointed "Nicetam e Pisidia oriundum" as "ducem…Iberiæ"[32].

8. MIKHAEL Burtzes . Magister. m ---. The name of Mikhael´s wife is not known. Mikhael & his
wife had three children:
a) KONSTANTINOS Burtzes (-[1025 or after]). Patrikios. Cedrenus records that Emperor
Konstantinos VIII, after his accession (in 1025), blinded "Constantinum patricium, magistri Michaeli
Burtzæ filium"[33].
b) MIKHAEL THEOGNOSTOS Burtzes (-after [1029/32]). Cedrenus records that "Michaelus
Theognostus et Samuelus, magistri Michaeli Burtzæ filii" were exiled on suspicion of involvement in the
conspiracy allegedly led by Konstantinos Diogenes, dated to [1029/32][34].
c) SAMOUIL Burtzes (-after [1057]). Cedrenus records that "Michaelus Theognostus et Samuelus,
magistri Michaeli Burtzæ filii" were exiled on suspicion of involvement in the conspiracy allegedly led by
Konstantinos Diogenes, dated to [1029/32][35]. Cedrenus names "Samuel patricius Burtzes" on campaign
in Adrianople against the Pechenegs, dated to [1050][36]. Cedrenus names "Romanus Sclerus, Burtza,

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Botaneiates, Basilii Argyrii filii" among the supporters of Isaakios Komnenos, in 1057[37]. m ---. The
name of Samouil´s wife is not known. Samouil & his wife had [one possible child]:
i) [THEOGNOSTOS Burtzes (-after [1073/75]). Skylitzes names "proconsul Theognostus Burtzes" at
the time of the Bulgarian revolt of Konstantin Bodin of Duklja, dated to [1073/75][38]. His parentage has
not been confirmed but from a chronological point of view he may have been the son of Samouil, named
after his paternal uncle.]

9. KONSTANTINOS Khages (-after [1034]). Cedrenus records that "Cibyrræotarum dux Constantinus
Chages" commanded a fleet against "Saraceni Afri et Siculi", dated to [1034] from the context[39].
Cedrenus records that "Constantinus Chages patricius" conquered "Cypriis" which had been lost by
"Theophilus Eroticus Cypri prætor" for Emperor Konstantinos IX Monomachus, dated to after [1042] from
the context[40]. same person as…? KONSTANTINOS Kaballarios (-killed in battle [1043]). Cedrenus
records that "Constantinus Caballarius Cibyrræotarum dux" was killed in battle, dated to [1043] from the
context[41].

10. ANASTASIOS . Logotheta. m ---. The name of Anastasios´s wife is not known. Anastasios & his
wife had one child:
a) MIKHAEL (-after 1059). Cedrenus records that "Stephanus qui et Boisthlabus" occupied
"Illyricos…montes" and defeated "Michaele patricio Anastasii logothetæ filio, tum Dyrrachii præfecto" who
was sent by Emperor Konstantinos IX Monomachus, dated to after [1042] from the context[42]. Cedrenus
records that "magister Michaelus Anastasii filius, patricius Theodorus Chryselius, patricius Christophorus
Pyrrhus, omnes sodalitatum duces" supported Patriarch Kirularios in his dispute with Emperor Isaakios
Komnenos, dated to [1058][43].

11. EUTHYMIOS . m ---. The name of Euthymios´s wife is not known. Euthymios & his wife had two
children:
a) NIKEPHOROS . Cedrenus records that "Nicephorus et Michael, Euthymii filii" were accused of
rebellion against Emperor Konstantinos X Monomachos and that Nikephoros was exiled, dated to [1050]
[44].
b) MIKHAEL . Cedrenus records that "Nicephorus et Michael, Euthymii filii" were accused of
rebellion against Emperor Konstantinos X Monomachos, dated to [1050][45].

Chapter 2. ANEMAS

1. KONSTANTINOS Anemas (-after [1000]). A seal dated to [1100] names "Konstantinos Anemas
spatharios and episkeptites of Armeniakon"[46].

Brother [and sister], whose parents are not known:

2. --- Anemas . m ---. --- Anemas & his wife had four children:
a) MIKHAEL Anemas . The Alexeiad records the revolt against Emperor Alexios I by "the four…
Anemas (Mikhael, Leo, --- and ---)…brothers", recording in a later passage that Mikhael was released from
imprisonment after the intercession of the empress[47]. In another passage, "Ioannes, the emperor's
nephew, son of his eldest sister" is referred to as "a cousin on the paternal side of the rebel [Mikhael
Anemas]"[48].
b) LEON Anemas . The Alexeiad records the revolt against Emperor Alexios I by "the four…Anemas
(Mikhael, Leo, --- and ---)…brothers"[49].
c) --- Anemas . The Alexeiad records the revolt against Emperor Alexios I by "the four…Anemas
(Mikhael, Leo, --- and ---)…brothers"[50].
5
d) --- Anemas . The Alexeiad records the revolt against Emperor Alexios I by "the four…Anemas
(Mikhael, Leo, --- and ---)…brothers"[51].
3. [daughter . The Alexeiad names "Ioannes, the emperor's nephew, son of his eldest sister" as "a
cousin on the paternal side of the rebel [Mikhael Anemas]"[52], which suggests that the paternal
grandmother of Ioannes Taronites must have been a paternal aunt of the Anemas brothers. m --- Taronites,
son of ---.]

4. IOANNES Anemas (-after [1100]). Three seals dated to [1100] name "Ioannes Anemas"[53].

5. NIKOLAOS Anemas . Theophylact of Ohrid sent a letter addressed to Nikolaos Anemas, official in
Bulgaria[54].

6. PANKRATIOS Anemas . Two documents at Lavra names Pankratios Anemas, in Thessaloniki,

dated to the late 11th century[55].

7. MANUEL Anemas, son of --- (-[1146/47]). It is not known how Manuel Anemos was related to the
previous family group, if at all. From a chronological point of view, it is likely that there were two
intervening generations between the four brothers Anemos shown above and Manuel.
Panhyperprotosebastypértatos. m THEODORA Komnene, daughter of Emperor IOANNES II & his wife
Piroska [Eirene] of Hungary ([1116]-12 May 1157[56]). The primary source which confirms her parentage
and marriage has not yet been identified. She became a nun after her husband died. Manuel Anemas & his
wife had at least four children:
a) ALEXIOS Komnenos Anemas. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been
identified. m ANNA Dukoblastos, daughter of ---. Her name Anna is recorded in a poem by Proedros, in
which she is called Dukoblastos without giving any parentage. According to Sturdza[57], she was Anna
Komnene Doukaina, daughter of Andronikos Komnenos & his wife Evdokia Doukaina. The primary source
on which this is based is not known. Alexios and his wife are not named in the documentation of the church
of St Mary Pammakaristos (which names other members of the family of Andronikos Komnenos),
suggesting that the hypothesis may not be correct. It is assumed that the parentage suggested by Sturdza is
no more than a guess[58]. According to Sturdza[59], this couple were the ancestors of the Komnenoi-
Anemoi family.
b) --- Komnene Anema. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet
been identified. m IOANNES Angelos, son of MIKHAEL Angelos & his wife ---. Pansébastos and
sébastos. 1157/66.
c) [--- Komnene Anema. m ---. The name of her husband is not known. One possible child:]
i) [THEODORA Komnene] . Stiernon suggests that Theodora was the granddaughter of Theodora,
daughter of Emperor Ioannes II[60], but this seems to be based on no more than guesswork. According to
Kerbl, her betrothal to King Béla must have taken place after the murder of Emperor Andronikos I, with
whom King Béla III did not enjoy close relations[61]. It was presumably arranged by Andronikos's
successor Emperor Isaakios II Angelos. Theodora became a nun in 1186. m ANDRONIKOS Lapardas, son
of --- (-[before 1185]). Sébastos. He was blinded by Emperor Andronikos I, and entered the monastery of
Pantepopte. Betrothed (after Sep 1185) to BÉLA III King of Hungary, son of GÉZA II King of Hungary &
his wife Ievfrosina Mstislavna of Kiev (1149-23 Apr 1196, bur Székesfehérvár, transferred to Coronation
Church Budapest).

Chapter 3. APOKAVKOS

Three brothers, parents not known:

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1. ALEXIOS Apokavkos (-murdered Constantinople 11 Jun 1345). Befriended by Ioannes
Kantakouzenos, he was one of the followers of the young co-Emperor Andronikos and supported the latter's
rebellion against his grandfather Emperor Andronikos II in [1321][62]. After the accession of Emperor
Andronikos III in 1328, Alexios Apokavkos was appointed controller of the imperial secretariat, treasury
and the revenue[63]. Mezason 1320-1341. Megas dux 1341-1345. Ioannes Kantakouzenos records that
"Apocauchus" was declared "magnus dux" following the coronation of Emperor Ioannes V in 1341[64].
After the death of Emperor Andronikos III in 1341, and during the temporary absence of Ioannes
Kantakouzenos on campaign in Thrace, Alexios Apokavkos plotted to seize power by convincing the
emperor's widow that Kantakouzenos was her enemy and engineering his own appointment as prefect of
Constantinople[65]. During the civil war which followed the latter's declaration as Emperor Ioannes VI in
1341, the Zealots at first succeeded in breaking the power of the aristocrats whom they evicted from
Thessaloniki. However, with Turkish military help Kantakouzenos succeeded in taking control in Thrace by
end-1343. The assassination of Alexios Apokavkos hastened the fall of the dowager empress's party[66]. m
firstly ---, daughter of --- Disypatos & his wife ---. Ioannes Kantakouzenos records that "Apochaucus"
married firstly "Disypati ministri S. Sophiæ filia"[67]. m secondly ([1341]) ---, cousin of Georgios
Khumnos, daughter of ---. Ioannes Kantakouzenos records that "Apochaucus" married secondly "Chumnum
magnum stratopedarcham…consobrinam", in a passage dated to 1341[68]. Alexios Apokavkos & his first
wife had three children:
a) IOANNES Apokavkos (-murdered Thessaloniki [Jul] 1345). Nicephoras Gregoras refers to
"Apocauci ex prima uxore filius", when recording that he was appointed governor of Thessaloniki [in
1344/45][69]. Ioannes Kantakouzenos records that "magni ducis filius Ioannes Apocauchus…magnus
primicerius et præfectus Thessalonicæ" proposed to surrender Thessaloniki after hearing of the death of his
father but was killed, in a passage dated to [1346][70]. m --- Batatzaina, daughter of IOANNES Batatzes
megas stratopedarchos, epitrope of Thessaloniki & his wife ---. Nicephoras Gregoras refers to "Ioanne
Batatze…filia" as the wife of "Apocauco filium suum" who had been governor of Thessaloniki[71].
b) MANUEL Apokavkos . Ioannes Kantakouzenos names "Manuel Apocauchus, magni ducis filius…
urbis præfectus" recording that he fled the city for "Bucellum", in a passage dated to [1344][72]. His father
appointed him governor of Adrianople in 1342, but he defected to Ioannes Kantakouzenos in 1344[73].
c) daughter. Nicephoras Gregoras names "Andronico Paleologo, qui Apocauci gener erat"[74].
Nicephoras Gregoras records the second marriage of "Alexii Apocauci filiam…Andronico Palaeologo
antehac nuptam" and "Irenem imperatricis [frater]…Ioannes"[75]. m firstly ANDRONIKOS Palaiologos,
son of KONSTANTINOS Palaiologos [Angelos-Epirus] & his wife --- (-drowned 1344). Protostrator.
Megas stratopedarchos 1342. m secondly (1347) IOANNES Asanes, son of ANDRONIKOS Palaiologos
Komnenos Asanes & his wife --- Tarchanaiotissa (-1355 or after). Sébastokrator 1345/55. Governor of
Constantinople 1350. Despot and Governor of Peritherion 1355.
d) daughter . Ioannes Kantakouzenos records the marriage of "Apochaucum…una filiaram" and
"filio…patriarcha", dated to 1341[76]. m ([1341]) --- Kalekas, son of --- IOANNES Kalekas Patriarch &
his wife ---.
e) daughter . Ioannes Kantakouzenos records the marriage of "Apochaucum…filiam" and "filium
Zampeæ…e Sabaudia…Artotum", dated to 1341[77]. It is assumed that "Zampea" came to Constantinople
in the suite of Empress Anna, formerly Jeanne de Savoie, at the time of her marriage to Emperor
Andronikos III in 1326, although it is unlikely that this was her original name. m ([1341]) ARTAUD, son
of --- & his wife [Zampea] ---.
2. IOANNES Apokaukos . Ioannes Kantakouzenos names "Ioannes et Nicephorus magni ducis
fratres", in a passage dated to [1362][78].
3. NIKEPHOROS Apokaukos . Ioannes Kantakouzenos names "Ioannes et Nicephorus magni ducis
fratres", in a passage dated to [1362][79].

Chapter 4. ASANES

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IVAN ASEN Mytzes of Bulgaria, son of IVAN Mico [Mytzes] Tsar of the Bulgarians & his wife [Tamara]
Asenina of Bulgaria (-before 1302). Pachymeres names "Mytzæ primogenitor Ioanni" when recording his
betrothal[80]. He was installed in 1278 by Emperor Mikhael VIII, who was concerned with the
deteriorating stability in Bulgaria, as IVAN ASEN III Mytzes Tsar of the Bulgarians. With a Byzantine
army he besieged Trnovo in Autumn 1278. The city opened its gates to him in Feb 1279, during Ivajlo's
absence fighting the Tatars, and he was recognised as Tsar[81]. His forces pursued Ivajlo, besieging him in
the fortress of Silistria. To increase his power base, he married his sister to a leading Trnovo boyar[82]. He
was expelled in 1280 by Ivajlo, and fled to the Tatars and then to Constantinople. Pachymeres records that
"Asani" was awarded the title "despot" in Byzantium [in 1284][83]. Pachymeres names "propriam
germanam Irenen, Asanis viduam" when recording that Emperor Andronikos II sent her by fast ship to
"Cyzicum", a passage is probably dateable to [1302] which sets Ivan Asen's date of death[84].
m (Betrothed [1263], 1278) EIRENE Palaiologina, daughter of Emperor MIKHAEL VIII & his wife
Theodora Doukaina Komnene Palaiologina Batatzaina of Nikaia ([1255/58]-). Pachymeres records the
betrothal of "Mytzæ primogenitor Ioanni" and "primogenita…imperatoris filia…Irenæ", dated from the
context to the early part of her father's reign, a later passage recording the couple's marriage[85].
Pachymeres names "propriam germanam Irenen, Asanis viduam" when recording that Emperor Andronikos
II sent her by fast ship to "Cyzicum"[86]. Her marriage was agreed as part of the 1263 agreement between
Ivan's father and Emperor Mikhael VIII under which the former surrended Mesembria to Byzantium[87].
Tsar Ivan Asen III & his wife had ten children, who adopted the surname Asanes/Asanina in Byzantium.
1. [--- Asanina . Pachymeres records the betrothal of "Michaeli Ioannis Ducæ Occiduorum…
sebastocratoris filio" to "filiam ex Asane natam"[88]. The dating of this betrothal is unclear from the text,
but it presumably predated Mikhael's capture and imprisonment in Constantinople. The identity of the
daughter of Tsar Ivan Asen is not known, but she was probably either Maria or Theodora, daughters of the
Tsar known from other sources. Betrothed ([1283, contract broken 1283/84]) to MIKHAEL Doukas
Angelos of Neopatras, son of IOANNES Doukas Komnenos Angelos Lord of Thessaly & his wife --- (-
murdered Constantinople 1307).]
2. MARIA Asanina . Pachymeres records the marriage of "Rontzerius" and "Mariæ Asnais filiæ"[89].
The Chronicle of Ramon Muntaner records the marriage of "le frère Roger" and "la nièce de l´empereur de
Lantzaura"[90]. Her first marriage was arranged by her maternal uncle Emperor Andronikos II when he
requested help from the Catalan Company to defend Asia Minor from the Turks[91]. The Chronicle of
Ramon Muntaner records that she gave birth to a son at Constantinople "qui vivait encore quand j´ai
commencé ce livre" (the chronicle is dated to shortly after 1328)[92]. The primary source which confirms
her possible second marriage has not yet been identified. m [firstly] ([Sep] 1303) ROGER de Flor [von
Blum], son of RICHARD [von] Blum & his wife --- [of Brindisi] (Brindisi[93] --- -murdered near
Adrianople 5 Apr 1305). The Chronicle of Ramon Muntaner names "Richard de Flor", falconer of Emperor
Friedrich II who arranged his marriage to "une fille d´un honourable homme de la cité de Brindes", their
sons "l´aîné Jacques de Flor, et le plus jeune…Roger de Flor", his death in battle at Tagliacozzo in support
of Conradin King of Sicily, when his older son was four years old and his younger son one, and Roger´s
departure aboard a Templar vessel when still a child[94]. He was appointed Vice-Admiral of Sicily by
Federigo I King of Sicily [Aragon] and became leader of the Catalan Grand Company. As his services were
no longer required in Sicily after the peace of Caltabellotta in 1302, he turned his attention eastwards[95].
Emperor Andronikos II requested the Catalan Company for military help against the Turks. The Chronicle
of Ramon Muntaner records that "le frère Roger" was appointed "mégaduc de l´empereur", and later
cæsar[96]. Roger de Flor was the last person to bear this title[97]. The support soon turned to disaster
when, after relieving the siege of Philadelphia in 1304, the Catalan Company pillaged the whole region
killing Byzantines and Turks without distinction. Roger de Flor was killed by an Alan commander while
visiting the camp of co-Emperor Mikhael IX, after which the Catalan Company plundered Thrace and
defeated the Byzantines at Apros[98]. [m secondly --- Arenos .]
3. THEODORA Palaiologina Asanina. Ioannes Kantakouzenos records that "Manuelem Tagarin
magnum stratopedarcham…vili et obscuro genere ortum" married "Theodoram Asaninem, imperatoris
consobrinam"[99]. m (before 1321) MANUEL Tagaris megas stratopedarchos (-after 1329).

8
4. MIKHAEL Palaiologos Komnenos Asanes. The primary source which confirms his parentage has
not yet been identified. A supporter of Emperor Andronikos II. Byzantine military leader in Macedonia
1327/28. He defected 1328 to Stefan Uroš III Tsar of Serbia, handing him Prosek. Megas konstavlos. m
---, maybe a Serb. 1342.
5. ANDRONIKOS Palaiologos Komnenos Asanes (-after 1355). The primary source which confirms
his parentage has not yet been identified. In 1316, Emperor Andronikos II appointed him governor of
Mistra, styled "captain of the land and castles in the Peloponnesos", and succeeded in taking the castles of
Akova and Karytaina from the Franks and captured the grand constable Bartolomeo Ghisi[100]. Military
leader [1316]-[1342]. Governor of Thrace 1341/43. He was imprisoned by Alexios Apokavkos in 1343/44,
taken to Constantinople before 1347, but released by Ioannes Kantakouzenos. m --- Tarchanaiotissa,
daughter of MIKHAEL Doukas Glabas Tarchaneiotes & his wife Maria Palaiologina Branaina. Andronikos
Asanes & his wife had four children:
a) MANUEL Komnenos Raoul Asanes. Ioannes Kantakouzenos names "Manueli Asani, Andronici
filio cognate suo", referring to Emperor Andronikos III[101]. Nicephoras Gregoras refers to "imperatrice
Irene Cantacuzena" and "de duobus illius fratribus", in a later passage naming "eius fratri Manueli Asani"
and recording that he was granted "Didymotichi præfecturam"[102]. Military leader in Thrace 1329/30 and
1341/55. Arrested for treason [1335/41], he was freed by Ioannes Kantakouzenos. Strategos of
Didymoteichos 1342. Governor of Bizye, Thrace 1344. Megas primikerios before 1345. Sébastokrator
1345/[1354]. Despot [1354]/1355. m ([1321]) ANNA Komnene Doukaina Palaiologina Synadene,
daughter of THEODOROS Synadenos & his wife ---. Ioannes Kantakouzenos records that "Manuele
Asane, fratre uxoris magni domestici" married "protostrator…Annam filiam", dated to [1321] from the
context[103]. She was arrested in Constantinople in 1342. Manuel & his wife had one child:
i) ANDRONIKOS Asanes ([1327/34]-). Ioannes Kantakouzenos names "Andronico Asane, ex fratre
uxoris genitor…Manuele Asane" ("uxoris" referring to the wife of Emperor Ioannes VI) stating that he was
"adolescentulum", in a passage dated to [1342][104]. Panhypersébastos 1352. He took part in the synod of
Palamos. Sébastokrator and military leader of the Kantakuzenoi in Bizye, Thrace.
b) IOANNES Asanes. Nicephoras Gregoras names "imperatricis Irenes fratrem Ioannem" and
recording that he was granted "Melinici…præpositum"[105]. Arrested in Thrace 1335/41. Governor of
Melenikon 1342. Governor of Morrha, Thrace 1343. Military leader 1345. Sébastokrator 1345/55.
Governor of Constantinople 1350. Despot and Governor of Peritherion 1355. m (1347) as her second
husband, --- Apokavke, widow of ANDRONIKOS Palaiologos Angelos, daughter of ALEXIOS Apokavkos
& his wife ---. Nicephoras Gregoras records the second marriage of "Alexii Apocauci filiam…Andronico
Palaeologo antehac nuptam" and "Irenem imperatricis [frater]…Ioannes"[106]. Ioannes & his wife had [one
possible child]:
i) [ANNA Asanina. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been
identified. She was named in 1374 as cousin of Empress Helena. m IOANNES Palaiologos
Kontostephanos, son of --- (-before May 1386). Megas primikerios 1369/73.]
c) EIRENE Asanina (-[1363/79]). Nicephoras Gregoras refers to "imperatrice Irene Cantacuzena" and
"de duobus illius fratribus"[107]. She became a nun as EVGENIA in 1354 in the convent of St Martha. m
(before 1320) IOANNES Palaiologos Angelos Komnenos Kantakouzenos, son of --- Kantakouzenos & his
wife Theodora Angelina Palaiologina ([1294/95]-Mistra 15 Jun 1383). He was declared co-Emperor
IOANNES VI in 1341, crowned Emperor in 1346.
d) HELENE Asanina (-young). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been
identified.
6. ISAAKIOS Palaiologos Asanes (-before Oct 1351). The primary source which confirms his
parentage has not yet been identified. Megas dux. Panhypersébastos 1341/51. Ioannes Kantakouzenos
records that "Isaacius…Asanes" was declared "panhypersebastus" following the coronation of Emperor
Ioannes V in 1342[108]. Leader of State Commerce in Constantinople 1345. He opposed Ioannes
Kantakouzenos. m firstly (before 1320) ARACHANTLAN, daughter of ---. The primary source which
confirms her origin and marriage has not yet been identified. She was probably a Mongol. She adopted the
name THEODORA in Byzantium. m secondly ---. The name of Isaakios's second wife is not known.
Isaakios Asanes & his second wife had four children:

9
a) ANDRONIKOS Palaiologos Asanes. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet
been identified. Megas primerkerios 1351/1383. m ---. The name of Andronikos's wife is not known.
Andronikos Asanes & his wife had [one possible child]:
i) [daughter . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been
identified. It is possible that she was the daughter of Manuel Asanes (see above)[109]. 1383. m --- Raoul,
son of ---.]
b) MIKHAEL Asanes (-Morea before 1383). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not
yet been identified. He was arrested with his father in 1342. He took part in the Synod of Palamas in 1351.
His cousin Emperor Ioannes V appointed him and his brother Andreas as joint Governors of Morea in late
1355, but was obliged to withdraw their appointments due to local opposition and confirm Manuel
Kantakouzenos in their place[110]. m ---. The name of Mikhael's wife is not known.
c) EIRENE Asanina. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been
identified. m ([1346/51]) --- Philanthropenos, son of ---.
d) ANDREAS Asanes. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.
His cousin Emperor Ioannes V appointed him and his brother Mikhael as joint Governors of Morea in late
1355, but was obliged to withdraw their appointments due to local opposition and confirm Manuel
Kantakouzenos in their place[111]. He was probably in Constantinople in 1373/74.
7. KONSTANTINOS Palaiologos Asanes. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not
yet been identified. Military leader 1328. Ioannes Kantakouzenos names "duce Constantino Asano" as one
of the supporters of Emperor Andronikos II in his conflicts with his grandson[112]. He opposed Ioannes
Kantakouzenos, and was placed under house arrest by Apokavkos in 1342. m ---. The name of
Konstantinos's wife is not known. Konstantinos Asanes & his wife had one child:
a) MIKHAEL Komnenos Tornikes Palaiologos Asanes (-[1355]). The primary source which confirms
his parentage has not yet been identified. Governor of Lesbos 1342/55. m (before 1330) EIRENE
Komnene Kantakouzene Palaiologina Synadene, daughter of IOANNES Komnenos Doukas Synadenos &
his wife Theodora Palaiologina. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet
been identified. 1342. Mikhael Asanes & his wife had [one possible child]:
i) [IOANNES Doukas Angelos Palaiologos Raoul Laskaris Tornitzes Philanthropenos Asanes. In
Morea during the first half of the 15th century.] m [--- Tsamplakonissa, daughter of DEMETRIOS
Tsamplakos megas stratopedarchos & his wife Evdokia Palaiologina]. The primary source which confirms
her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.
8. MANUEL Asanes. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. In
Serrhia 1345. A supporter of the Serbs.
9. Three other children . The primary source which confirms their parentage has not yet been
identified.

Three brothers and one sister, parents not known. According to Trapp[113], they were cousins of Emperor
Manuel II.
1. IOANNES Asanes (-Eubœa 20 Jun 1386). Archon at Constantinople 1371. Arrested. He became a
teacher on Eubœa. m ---, sister of --- Laskaris Palaiologos, daughter of ---. The primary source which
confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Ioannes Asanes & his wife had two
children:
a) HELENE Asanina Palaiologina. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage
has not yet been identified. [1400]. m MANUEL Raoul Melikes. In Morea 1439/40.
b) daughter.
2. KONSTANTINOS Asanes (-[1415]). In Italy 1369/1370. Melograph 1385/1415. Senator 1409.
3. son.
4. THEODORA Asanina (-1/21 May 1398). The primary source which confirms her parentage and
marriage has not yet been identified. m BARTOLOMEO [III] Ghisi Lord of 1/3 Negroponte, Eubœa, Tinos
and Mykonos, son of GIORGIO [II] Ghisi & his wife Simona d'Aragón (-[18 Sep 1383/24 Jul 1390]).
Marshall of the Principality of Achaia. He was appointed member of the High Council of the Republic of

10
Venice in 1383, in compensation for Venice having bought the suzerainty over Eubœa from Jacques des
Baux titular Emperor of Constantinople[114].

The relationship between the following family groups and the other members of this family is unknown:
1. ISAAKIOS Asanes . 1400. m ---. The name of Isaakios's wife is not known. Isaakios & his wife
had one child:
a) --- Asanina . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been
identified. m GEORGIOS Doukas Philanthropenos, son of --- (-1452).

2. DEMETRIOS Asanes. Governor of Corinth 1444. Governor of Muchlion in the Peloponese

1456/58, which he surrendered to the Turks. Georgios Phrantzes records that "Demetrius Asanes"
surrendered "Mochlium" to the Ottomans in 1458[115]. m ---. The name of Demetrios's wife is not known.
Demetrios Asanes & his wife had six children:
a) son.
b) daughter.
c) IOANNES Asanes . On Rhodos.
d) THOMAS Asanes (bur Naples).
e) ALEXIOS Asanes (-killed in battle against the Turks).
f) MARIA Asanina (-after 1460). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has
not yet been identified. After the death of her husband, she was taken to Constantinople where she was
courted by Georgios Amiroutzes, former minister of David Komnenos Emperor in Trebizond whom he had
betrayed, who "dropped down dead, a dice-box in his hand"[116]. m firstly FRANCO Acciaiuoli, son of
ANTONIO [II] Acciaiuoli & his wife Maria Giorgi (-murdered 1460). m secondly (bigamously 1463)
GEORGIOS Amiroutzes (-Constantinople after 1469). Philosopher and Theologist. Protobestiarios in
Trebizond [1458]/61, megas logothetes. He took part in the council of Florence. He was the teacher of
Sultan Mohammed II in 1461.

3. MANUEL Laskaris Palaiologos Asanes. Governor of Imbros [1438/39]-1444.

4. MARIA Palaiologina Tsamplakinissa Asanina (-in Trebizond after 1447). The primary source
which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m ([1440/46]) IOANNES Gabras
Prince of Gothia, son of ALEXIOS Gabras Prince of Gothia & his wife --- (-in Trebizond after 1447).

5. ALEXANDROS Asanes. The Pope promised him help to retake Imbros in 1458/59.

6. PAULOS Asanes. Ambassador to Sultan Murad II 1437. Governor of Constantinople 1438/40. He

fled with his daughters to the Peloponese 1441. m ---. The name of Paulos's wife is not known. Paulos
Asanes & his wife had three children:
a) MATTHAIOS Palaiologos Asanes (-29 Mar 1467). On Lemnos and in Morea 1449. He defeated
the Turks at Leontarion in 1452. Governor of Corinth 1454/58, which he surrendered to the Turks.
Georgios Phrantzes records that "duces fortissimo, Matthaeus Asanes, frater uxoris Demetrii despotæ, filius
Pauli Asanis…et Nicephorus Lucanes" surrendered to the Ottomans in 1458[117]. He was in the service of
the Turks in 1458, holding the salt monopoly. He was banished to Didymoteichon for fraud. m ---
Eudaimonoioanne, daughter of GEORGIOS Eudaimonoioannes, mesaxon in Morea & his wife ---. The
primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Matthaios & his
wife had one child:
i) daughter . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.
b) THEODORA Asanina (-[1470/71]). Her origin is confirmed by Georgios Phrantzes who names
"Matthaeus Asanes, frater uxoris Demetrii despotæ, filius Pauli Asanis"[118]. Georgios Phrantzes records
the death in autumn "anni 6979" of "Demetrius despota Adrianopoli…monachus David appellatus" and
"eiusdem uxor, regina, non multo post"[119]. m (Jun 1441) as his second wife, DEMETRIOS Palaiologos,

11
despot, Governor of Selymbria, son of Emperor MANUEL II & his wife Jelena Dragaš of Serbia
([1407/08]-Adrianople 1470).
c) SIMONIS Palaiologina Asanina. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been
identified. She was a nun as SYMPHROSYNE in 1452/62.

Chapter 5. AXUCHOS

1. IOANNES Axouchos. He was a Turk, taken prisoner in 1097[120]. Sébastos 1118. Megas
domestikos. m ---. The name of Ioannes's wife is not known. Ioannes Axouchos & his wife had five
children:
a) EIRENE Axouchina. The primary source which confirms her parentage and betrothal has not yet
been identified. Betrothed ([1148/51]) to ALEXIOS Komnenos sébastos, son of IOANNES Komnenos dux
of Dyrrachium & his wife Anna Doukaina.
b) EVDOKIA Axouchina. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet
been identified. m ([1147/51]) STEPHANOS Komnenos, son of KONSTANTINOS Komnenos & his wife
[Antiochena Euphorbena] (-after 1156). Pansébastos. Megas drongarios. Member of the Synod 26 Jan
1156.
c) ALEXIOS Axouchos (-after 1170). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet
been identified. Dux of Cilicia. Protostrator, Pansébastos. He became a monk after the death of his wife.
m MARIA Komnene, daughter of co-Emperor ALEXIOS Komnenos & his [first wife Dobrodjeja
[Evpraxia] of Kiev] (-1167). Niketas Choniates names "Alexius, Andronicus et…Isaacius" as the three
brothers of Emperor Manuel, stating that the first two died before their father and that Alexios left one
daughter who married "magni domestici Alexius"[121]. She died insane[122]. A seal dated to [1157/67]
names "Maria porphyrogennetos…daughter of Alexius Komnenos the pious porphyrogennetos basileus and
wife of Alexios the protostrator"[123]. She died insane[124]. Alexios Axouchos & his wife had [four]
children:
i) IOANNES Komnenos Axouchos (-1201). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not
yet been identified. Pansébastos. He conspired against Emperor Alexios III and was proclaimed emperor at
Santa Sophia 31 Jul 1200. He was killed by his soldiers. m ---. The name of Ioannes's wife is not known.
Ioannes Axouchos & his wife had [one possible child]:
(a) [--- Axouchina. The name of Emperor Alexios's wife is not known. Kuršankis argues that she was
the daughter of Ioannes Komnenos Axouchos, mainly because of the name Axouchos was included in the
names of the couple's first son[125]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[126], her name was Theodora.
There appears to be no basis for this except that Emperor Alexios's wife had a granddaughter of this name,
although it is not certain that she was the couple's eldest granddaughter (the Byzantine practice being to
name the eldest granddaughter after the paternal grandmother)[127]. m ALEXIOS I Megas Komnenos
Emperor in Trebizond, son of MANUEL Komnenos sébastokrator & his wife --- of Georgia (Constantinople
1182-Trebizond 1 Feb 1222).]
ii) three other children . The primary source which confirms their parentage has not yet been
identified.

Chapter 6. CHRYSELIOS

1. IOANNES Chryselios . Cedrenus records that Byzantium installed "Chryselio" as governor of

Durazzo after "Asotæ Taronitæ filio" delivered the city and that he and "duobus suis filiis" were installed as
12
patrikios, dated to [1005][128]. m ---. The name of Ioannes's wife is not known. Ioannes Chryselios & his
wife had [two] children:
a) [THEODOROS Chryselios. Archon of Durazzo.] m --- of Bulgaria, daughter of NIKOLAOS
[Kumet] & his wife Ripsime ---. Theodoros Chryselios & his wife had [two possible children]:
i) [KOSARA] Chryselie . According to Europäische Stammtafeln[129], Kosara was the daughter of
Theodoros Chryselios Archon of Durazzo, but the primary source on which this is based has not yet been
identified. It appears likely that the name "Kosara" is merely a deformation of "Chryselie" and that the
name of Ivan Vladimir´s wife is in fact unknown. According to the Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja, she
was the daughter of Samuil Tsar of the Bulgarians[130], but this source appears to confuse her with Samuil
´s daughter Miroslava. m ([998]) IVAN VLADIMIR Knez of Duklja, son of PETRISLAV Knez of Duklja
[Montenegro] & his wife --- (-murdered Prespa 22 May 1016, bur Krajina).]
ii) [--- Chryselie . The Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja records the rebellion of "a certain Toparch
named Cursilius" and his defeat by Voislav Knez of Duklja, and his escape to the "plain by the city of
Skodra" where he died[131]. This event can be dated from the context of the Chronicle to [1020/40], which
is probably too late for it to refer to Theodoros Chryselios.]
b) AGATHA Chryselie. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet
been identified. Her marriage date is estimated by Adontz on the assumption that her son Gavriil Radomir
was adult in 986[132]. m ([970]) SAMUIL Kometopulos, son of NIKOLA Kumet & his wife Ripsimia
[Hripseme] of Armenia (-Prilep 6 Oct 1014). He was crowned SAMUIL Tsar of the Bulgarians in 997.

2. NIKOLAOS Chryselios (-after [1033]). Cedrenus records that "patricius Nicolaus Bulgarus,
cognomento Chryselius" held "castellum…Percrin" against "Alimus Saracenus…et eius filium", dated to
[1033][133].

3. THEODOROS Chryselios (-after 1058). Cedrenus records that "magister Michaelus Anastasii filius,
patricius Theodorus Chryselius, patricius Christophorus Pyrrhus, omnes sodalitatum duces" supported
Patriarch Kirularios in his dispute with Emperor Isaakios Komnenos, dated to [1058][134].

Chapter 7. DALASSENOS

The main source for this family is Cheynet and Vannier[135].

1. IOANNES Dalassenos (-after [1005]). A seal dated to [1005] names "Ioannes Dalassenos,
protospatharios and strategos"[136].

1. DAMIANOS Dalassenos (-killed near Apamea 19 Jul 998). Dux of Antioch 995. m ---. The name
of Damianos´s wife is not known. Damianos & his wife had [six] children:
a) KONSTANTINOS Dalassenos (-after 1042). Zonaras records that Emperor Konstantinos VII
decided to summon "patricium Constantinum Dalassenum…ex Armeniaca provincia" to marry one of his
daughters and declare him his heir, but changed his mind before he arrived[137]. Cedrenus records the
same event[138]. Zonaras records that "Dalassenus" was exiled to "insulam Platem" by Emperor Mikhael
IV, dated to [1035/38][139]. Cedrenus records that "Joannes" (brother of Emperor Mikhael IV) imprisoned
"Dalassenum…Theophanem quoque patricium fratrem eius et alterum eius fratrem patricium Romanum, et
patruelem Adrianum" in "anno mundi 6547, indictione 7"[140]. He was released in 1042. m ---. The name
of Konstantinos's wife is not known. Konstantinos Dalassenos & his wife had one child:

13
i) --- Dalassene (-after [1035/38]). Psellus records that Konstantinos Doukas's first wife was "the
daughter of the great Constantine Dalassenus"[141]. Zonaras names "Dalassenus" and "Constantinus Ducas
eius gener" when recording that the latter was imprisoned by Emperor Mikhael IV[142]. m as his first wife,
KONSTANTINOS Doukas, son of ANDRONIKOS Doukas & his wife --- ([1006/07]-22 May 1067). He
succeeded in 1059 as Emperor KONSTANTINOS X. No children.
ii) --- Dalassene. She and her husband are shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[143], but the primary
source on which this is based is not known. They are not referred to by Cheynet and Vannier[144]. m
SAMOEL Alusianos., son of ALUSIAN of Bulgaria & his wife ---. Bestarches, proedros, dux.
b) THEOPHYLAKTOS Dalassenos (-after 1039). Cedrenus records that Emperor Basileios II
appointed "Theophylactum Damiani Dalasseni filium" as army commander in Abkhazia after Nikephoros
Phokas was killed[145]. Skylitzes names Theophylaktos as brother of Konstantinos Dalassenos[146].
Prospatharios 1022. A seal dated to [1025] names "Theophylaktos Dalassenos, katepano of
Vaspurakan"[147]. A seal dated to [1025] names "Theophylaktos Dalassenos anthypatos patrikios vestes
and doux of Antioch"[148]. Cedrenus records that "Joannes" (brother of Emperor Mikhael IV) imprisoned
"Dalassenum…Theophanem quoque patricium fratrem eius et alterum eius fratrem patricium Romanum, et
patruelem Adrianum" in "anno mundi 6547, indictione 7"[149].
c) ROMANOS Dalassenos (-after 1039). Cedrenus records that "Joannes" (brother of Emperor
Mikhael IV) imprisoned "Dalassenum…Theophanem quoque patricium fratrem eius et alterum eius fratrem
patricium Romanum, et patruelem Adrianum" in "anno mundi 6547, indictione 7"[150]. Katepan of Iberia.
d) [--- . m ---.]
i) ADRIANOS Dalassenos . A seal dated to [1120] names "Adrianos Dalassenos"[151]. Cedrenus
records that "Joannes" (brother of Emperor Mikhael IV) imprisoned "Dalassenum…Theophanem quoque
patricium fratrem eius et alterum eius fratrem patricium Romanum, et patruelem Adrianum" in "anno mundi
6547, indictione 7"[152]. This text suggests that Adrianos was the son of another unnamed brother who is
unrecorded elsewhere.
e) [--- . m ---.]
i) DAMIANOS Dalassenos (-killed [1030/39]). He was the nephew of Konstantinos Dalassenos, so
presumably the son of either Theophylaktos, Romanos Dalassenos or their other unnamed brother[153].
f) daughter . m ---. One child:
i) daughter . m --- (-[1029/30] or after). Zonaras records that Emperor Romanos Argyros imprisoned
"Constantinum Diogenem neptis ex sorore maritum" on suspicion of treachery but does not name him[154].

1. --- Dalassena . Her parental family is confirmed by Nikephoros Bryennios who records the marriage
of "Ioanni" and "filia Charonis Alexii…Anna", stating that her mother was "genus a Dalassenis"[155]. m
ALEXIOS Kharon. Prefect of Italy. Alexios & his wife had one child:
a) ANNA Dalassena (-[1100/01]). Nikephoros Bryennios records the marriage of "Ioanni" and "filia
Charonis Alexii…Anna", stating that her mother was "genus a Dalassenis"[156]. The Alexeiad names
"Anna Dalassena, the mother of the Komneni" when recording that she arranged the marriage of "the
grandson of Botaneiates and the daughter of Manuel her eldest son"[157]. Despoina 1048/57. Regent of
Byzantium 1081 and 1094-1095. She became a nun at Pantopopte convent which she founded. The list of
obituaries of Empress Eirene Doukas's family records the death "1 Nov, Anna, mother of the
Emperor"[158]. m ([1042]) IOANNES Komnenos, son of MANUEL Erotikos Komnenos & his second
wife --- ([1015]-12 Jul 1067).

2. THEODOROS Dalassenos (-after [1080]). A seal dated to [1061] names "Theodoros Dalassenos,
magistros"[159]. A seal dated to [1058] names "Theodoros Dalassenos, vestarches and strategos of
Opsikion"[160]. Two seals dated to [1062/63] name "Theodoros Dalassenos, proedros et dux"[161]. A seal
dated to [1080] names "Theodoros Dalassenos, magistros"[162].

3. DAMIANOS Dalassenos . Doux of Skopje. Skylitzes records that Emperor Mikhael VII Doukas
appointed "Damianus Dalassenus" as "Scopiis ducis" in succession to "Nicephorus Carantenus", dated to
[1073][163].
14
4. KONSTANTINOS Dalassenos (-[after 1100]). A seal dated to [1050] names "Konstantinos
Dalassenos, protospatharios"[164]. A seal dated to [1075] names "Konstantinos Dalassenos, proedros et
doux"[165]. A seal dated to [1100] names "Konstantinos Dalassenos Doukas"[166].

5. THEOPHYLAKTOS Dalassenos (-after [1100]). A seal dated to [1100] names "Theophylaktos

Dalassenos"[167].

6. NIKEPHOROS Dalassenos (-after [1112]). A seal dated to [1112] names "Nikephoros

Dalassenos"[168].

7. THEODOROS Dalassenos (-after [1200]). Three seals dated to [1199] name "Theodoros
Dalassenos, sebastos and eparchos"[169]. A seal dated to [1200] names "Theodoros Dalassenos,
sebastos"[170].

Chapter 8. DASIOTES

1. THEODOROS Dasiotes (-Iconium [1143/44]). He died in prison. m (1139) as her first husband,
MARIA Komnene, daughter of ANDRONIKOS Komnenos sébastokrator & his wife Eirene [Aineiadissa]
([1126]-). Niketas Choniates names "Maria…Andronici sebastacrator…filia" as wife of "Dasiotes"[171].
Theodoros Dasiotes & his wife had one child:
a) EIRENE Komnene Dasiotissa. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has
not yet been identified. m ALEXIOS Palaiologos Doukas, son of ---. The connection between this
individual and either the Palaiologos or Doukas families has not been found.

Chapter 9. DOKEIANOS

1. ROMANOS Dokeianos . A seal dated to [1035] names "Romanos Dokeianos, spatharokandidatos

and tourmaches"[172].

2. NIKEPHOROS Dokeianos (-9 Jan [1040]). Lupus Protospatarius records that "Nichiforus catepani,
qui et Dulchiano" arrived in Feb 1039, but that "prædictus Dulchianus" expelled rebels in 1040[173]. Lupus
Protospatarius records that "Dulchianus" fought the Normans in 1041 and fled to Bari[174]. The Annales
Barensis record that "Nichiforus qui et Dulchiano, catepanus in civitate Ascolo" died 9 Jan 1040[175]. m
---. The name of Nikephoros's wife is not known. Nikephoros & his wife had one child:
a) [MIKHAEL Dokeianos (-killed in battle Adrianople [1050]). The Annales Barensis record that
"Michael protospatarius et catepanus, qui et Dulkiano iunior" came "a Sicilia in Lombardia" in 1041[176].
This suggests that Mihael was the son of Nikephoros, whose death is recorded in the previous paragraph in
the same source, but this is not without doubt. Patrikios protospatharios. Bestiarios. Prefect [Katepan] of
Italy. Cedrenus records that "Michaelus protospatharius Doccanus, homo ineptus" was appointed by
Emperor Konstantinos IX Monomachos to succeed "Georgius Maniaces magister" as commander in Italy,
dated to after [1042] from the context[177]. Cedrenus records that "Michael patricius Doceianus" was
killed in battle in Adrianople fighting the Pechenegs, dated to [1050][178]. He died in battle fighting the
Pechenegs.] m ([1031]) --- Komnene, daughter MANUEL Erotikos Komnenos & his second wife ---
([1012]-). Her origin is deduced from the Alexeiad naming "Dokeianos, nephew of the former emperor
15
Isaakios Komnenos and cousin of Alexios" when recording his approval of the humane treatment accorded
to Roussel after his rebellion was crushed, dated to 1073[179]. Mikhael Dokeianos & his wife had one
child:
i) son (-after 1073). The Alexeiad records that "Dokeianos, nephew of the former emperor Isaakios
Komnenos and cousin of Alexios" approved of the humane treatment accorded to Roussel after his rebellion
was crushed, dated to 1073[180].

3. EUSTATHIOS Dokeianos . A seal dated to [1060] names "Eustathios Dokeianos,

spatharokandidatos epi tou Chrysotriklinou and komes of the arithmos"[181].

4. STEPHANOS Dokeianos . A seal dated to [1073] names "Stephanos Dokeianos, protospatharios

tagmatophylax and vestiarites"[182].

5. THEODOROS Dokeianos . A seal dated to [1050] names "Theodoros Dokeianos, patrikios"[183].

Nikephoros Bryennios names "per Paphlagoniam…Doceani Theodori vir nobilis…sanguineque Alexio
coniuncti" (referring to Emperor Alexios I), explaining that "hic filius erat sororis patris illius"[184].

6. NIKOLAOS Dokeianos, son of ---. Sébastos. m SOPHIA Komnene, daughter of ISAAKIOS

Komnenos sébastokrator & his wife Irena of Georgia. The primary source which confirms her parentage
and marriage has not yet been identified. 1108. She became a nun as SUSANE. Nikolaos Dokeianos & his
wife had two children:
a) ISAAKIOS Dokeianos . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been
identified.
b) EIRENE Dokeiana . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.

Chapter 10. EUPHORBENOS

1. ALEXANDROS Euphorbenos . The Alexeiad names "Alexander Euphorbenus" among those who
fought in Illyricum for Emperor Alexios I[185].

2. GEORGIOS Euphorbenos . The Alexeiad records that "George Euphorbenus" was appointed as a
general by Emperor Alexios I and "sent by sea to Distra" to fight "the Scyths"[186].

3. --- Antiochena Euphorbena . The primary source which confirms her family origin and marriage has
not yet been identified. m KONSTANTINOS Komnenos, son of ISAAKIOS Komnenos, sébastokrator &
his wife Irena of Georgia (-after [1147]). Pansébastos. Duke of Berrhoia 1108. Megas drongarios
[1136/43]-[1147].

4. KONSTANTINOS Euphorbenos. m ---. The name of Konstantinos's wife is not known.

Konstantinos Euphorbenos & his wife had one child:
a) NIKEPHOROS Katakalon Euphorbenos (-[1118/30]). The Alexeiad names Nikephoros as son of
Konstantinos Euphorbenos[187]. Panhypersébastos, sébastokrator. m (annulled) as her second husband,
MARIA Komnene, daughter of ALEXIOS I Emperor of Byzantium & his first wife Eirene Doukaina (19
Sep 1085-after 1136). Zonaras names "Maria, Eudocia, Theodora" as the three other daughters, stating that
Maria married "Gabræ…Theodori sebasti et martyris filio", the marriage being annulled for consanguinity,
and afterwards married "Phorbeni Catacalonis filium Nicephorum"[188]. The Alexeiad records that
Nikephoros, son of Konstantinos Euphorbenos, "afterwards became my brother-in-law when he married my
younger sister Maria Porphyrogenita"[189]. Nikephoros Euphorbenos & his wife had three children:

16
i) ALEXIOS Komnenos Euphorbenos . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet
been identified.
ii) ANDRONIKOS Komnenos Euphorbenos . Governor of Cilicia 1162. Ioannes Kinnamos names
"Andronico Euphorbeno principis cognato" as Governor of Cilicia[190].
iii) IOANNES Euphorbenos (-10 Dec ----). The list of obituaries of Empress Eirene Doukas's family
records the death "10 Dec, John son of Porphyrogenita Maria"[191].

Chapter 11. GABRAS

The main source for this family is Bryer[192].

1. KONSTANTINOS Gabras (-979).

2. MIKHAEL Gabras (-1040 or after). Cedrenus records that "Michael Gabras, Theodosius
Mesanietes" were blinded, accused of rebelling against Emperor Mikhael IV, dated to [1041] from the
context[193].

3. LEON Gabras . A seal dated to [1050] names "Leon Gabras, imperial spatharokandidatos and ship's
captain"[194].

4. THEODOROS Gabras (-after 2 Oct 1098). dux of Trebizond. The Alexeiad records that "Theodore
Gabras…from Chaldea, an aristocrat" was made "duke of Trapezus"[195]. m firstly ---. m secondly
([1091]) --- [of Georgia], daughter of --- [of Georgia] & his wife ---. The Alexeiad records the second
marriage of Theodoros Gabras to "an Alan of noble blood", commenting that "she and the sebastocrator's
wife were daughters of two brothers", which resulted in the termination of the betrothal of Theodoros's son
Gregorios as his projected marriage was thereby prohibited under ecclesiastical law[196]. The precise
identity and parentage of Theodoros's second wife is not known. Theodoros Gabras & his first wife had one
child:
a) GREGORIOS Gabras . Zonaras names "Gabræ…Theodori sebasti et martyris filio", when recording
his marriage[197]. Betrothed ([1091]) [MARIA] Komnene, daughter of IOANNES Komnenos,
sébastokrator & his wife Irena of Georgia (-after 1091). Zonaras names "Maria, Eudocia, Theodora" as the
three other daughters, stating that Maria married "Gabræ…Theodori sebasti et martyris filio", the marriage
being annulled for consanguinity, and afterwards married "Phorbeni Catacalonis filium Nicephorum"[198].
The Alexeiad records the betrothal of "Gabras's son Gregory" to one of the (unnamed) daughters of "the
sebastocrator Isaakios Komnenos" and states that the betrothal was terminated after the second marriage of
Theodoros Gabras to the cousin of Isaakios's wife, which meant that the marriage was thereby prohibited
under ecclesiastical law[199]. Sturdza identifies the daughter as Maria[200], but the primary source on
which this is based has not yet been identified. m (annulled) as her first husband, MARIA Komnene,
daughter of Emperor ALEXIOS I & his first wife Eirene Doukaina (19 Sep 1085-after 1136). The Alexeiad
records the birth of a second daughter before a son was born to Emperor Alexios, but does not name
her[201]. The primary source which confirms her first marriage has not yet been identified. She married
secondly (before 1120) Nikephoros Euphorbenos. In a later passage, the Alexeiad records that Nikephoros,
son of Konstantinos Euphorbenos, "afterwards became my brother-in-law when he married my younger
sister Maria Porphyrogenita"[202].
5. [--- Gabras . m ---.]
a) KONSTANTINOS Gabras . He may alternatively have been the son or brother of Theodoros
Gabras[203]. Protosébastos. Dux of Trebizond.

17
1. --- Gabras (-after 1121). The Kamel-Altevarykh Chronicle records that "Balak petit-fils d'Ortok"
defeated and captured "Gafras le Grec" in A.H. 514 (1120/21)[204]. He may be the same person as
Theodoros Gabras, see above.

2. KONSTANTINOS Gabras . A seal dated to [1135] names "Konstantinos Gabras,

protonobelissimos"[205]. A seal dated to [1150] names "Konstantinos Gabras"[206].

3. MIKHAEL Gabras (-after 1170). Sébastos. Ioannes Kinnamos records that "Michael cognomento
Gabras" was granted "sebasti honore cum Chaluphe"[207]. m ([1152/53]) as her second husband,
EVDOKIA Komnene, widow of ---, daughter of ANDRONIKOS Komnenos, sébastokrator & his wife
Eirene [Aideiadissa]. Niketas Choniates names "Alexius, Andronicus et…Isaacius" as the three brothers of
Emperor Manuel, stating that Andronikos left daughters "Mariam, Theodoram et Eudociam", adding that
Evdokia became the mistress of her cousin Andronikos Komnenos (later Emperor Andronikos I) after the
death of her husband[208]. This must refer to a first marriage which is unrecorded elsewhere, as her
marriage to Mikhael Gabras is recorded subsequent to her affair with Andronikos Komnenos. In a later
passage, Niketas Choniates records the marriage of "Eudocia Comnenia Andronici amica" and "Michæle…
Gabra"[209]. Ioannes Kinnamos records that "Michael cognomento Gabras" married "ex fratre Manuelis
neptim"[210].

4. KATAKALON Gabras . A seal dated to [1175] names "Katakalon Gabras"[211].

5. IOANNES Gabras . A seal dated to [1200] names "Ioannes Gabras sebastos"[212].

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the following members of this family
have not yet been identified, unless otherwise stated below.

1. BASILEIOS Gabras . m ---. The name of Basileios's wife is not known. Basileios & his wife had
one child:
a) STEPHANOS Gabras . Prince of Crimea-Gothia. He went to Moscow in 1391/1403. He became a
monk as SIMON. m ---. The name of Stephanos's wife is not known. Stephanos & his wife had two
children:
i) ALEXIOS Gabras (-killed in battle Balaklava [1444/47]). Prince of Gothia. m ---. The name of
Alexios's wife is not known. Alexios Gabras & his wife had [three possible children]:
(a) MARIA of Gothia. The Chronicle of Michael Panaretos records the marriage in Nov 1429 of "the
empress lady Maria…from Gothia, the daughter of Alexios from Theodoro" and "the pious despot…Lord
David the Grand Komnenos"[213]. The Masarelli Vatican manuscript records that David married the
daughter of the ruler of Gothia[214]. [According to the 16th century historian Theodore Spandounes,
writing in 1538, Emperor David married Helena, a sister of Eirene, whom he once calls Helena, of Serbia
and Georgios Kantakouzenos. He does not specify her parents[215], but logic would dictate that she would
have been Helene Kantakouzene, daughter of Theodoros Palaiologos Kantakouzenos & his wife ---. He
recounts that, after the death of her husband and sons, she was condemned to pay a fine of 15,000 ducats or
face the same fate[216]. The money was paid, but Helena put on sackcloth, built a hovel from straw beside
the corpses outside the city walls, and secretly dug their graves with her own hands, dying a few days after
completing the task. The earlier Masarelli Vatican manuscript does not mention her because it specifies that
the empress of Trebizond who was Eirene's sister was Theodora, David's mother[217]. Since David could
not have married his aunt, it follows that Spandounes has confused the emperors in Trebizond.
Spandounes's stories relating to Helene therefore must relate to Emperor David's known wife Maria, if
indeed there is any truth in them at all.] m ([Nov] 1429) DAVID Megas Komnenos, son of ALEXIOS IV
Emperor in Trebizond & his wife Theodora Kantakouzene (-beheaded Constantinople 1 Nov 1463). He
succeeded in [1458/59] as DAVID Emperor in Trebizond.

18
(b) IOANNES Gabras (-in Trebizond after 1447). Prince of Gothia. m ([1440/46]) MARIA
Palaiologina Tsamplakinissa Asanina, daughter of --- (-in Trebizond after 1447). Ioannes & his wife had
one child:
(1) ALEXIOS Gabras (-young).
(c) OLUBEI . Prince of Gothia.
- PRINCES of THEODORO and GOTHIA[218].
ii) GREGORIOS Gabras . He went to Moscow with his father. Ancestor of the families Chovrin and
Golovin[219].

Chapter 12. IASITES

1. LEON Iasites . A seal dated to [1050] names "Leon Iasites, magistros vestes and strategos of
Boukellarion"[220]. A seal dated to [1075] names "Leon Iasites, anthypatos patrikios vestes and komes of
the stable"[221].

2. THEODOROS Iasites . A seal dated to [1050] names "Theodoros Iasites"[222].

3. MIKHAEL Iasites (-after [1050]). Mikhael Glykas records that "Iasita dux" captured the rebel Leon
Tornikios (in 1047)[223]. A seal dated to [1048] names "Michael Iasites magistros and doux of
Antioch"[224]. A seal dated to [1050] names "Michael Iasites magistros vestes and doux of all the
West"[225].

4. KONSTANTINOS Iasites . A seal dated to [1072] names "Konstantinos Iasites protoproedros and
epi ton deeseon"[226]. A seal dated to [1090] names "Konstantinos Iasites"[227]. m ---. The name of
Konstantinos's wife is not known, but she was a great-niece of Patriarch Mikhael Keroularios[228].
Konstantinos Iasites & his wife had one child:
a) MIKHAEL Iasites ([-1117]). He became a monk as ATHANASIUS. The list of obituaries of
Empress Eirene Doukas's family records the death "15 Mar, monk Athanasius Iasites"[229]. m ([1116])
EVDOKIA Komnene, daughter of Emperor ALEXIOS I & his second wife Eirene Doukaina (14 Jan 1094-
[1130/31]). The Alexeiad names "Porphyrogenita Eudocia" as the third daughter of Emperor Alexios[230].
Zonaras names "Maria, Eudocia, Theodora" as the three other daughters, stating that Evdokia married
"Iasitæ Constantini filium"[231]. Nun at the convent of Kocharitomenes. Mikhael Iasites & his wife had
one child:
i) ALEXIOS Iasetes (-17 Mar ----). The list of obituaries of Empress Eirene Doukas's family records
the death "17 Mar, Alexius son of Porphyrogenita Eudokia"[232].

5. ADRALESTOS Iasites (-after [1100]). A seal dated to [1095] names "Adralestos Iasites"[233]. A
seal dated to [1100] names "Adralestos Iasites"[234].

6. NIKEPHOROS Iasites . A seal dated to [1117] names "Nikephoros Iasites, protospatharios and
strategos"[235].

Chapter 13. KALAMANOS

19
1. KÁLMÁN, son of [BORIS KONRAD of Hungary & his wife Anna Doukaina] ([1137/1145]-after
1173). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. He is assumed to have
been born when his father was living in Constantinople. He adopted the name KONSTANTINOS Doukas
Kalamános in Byzantium[236], where he settled. Ioannes Kinnamos names "Constantino Ciliciæ duce,
quem Calamanum iuvenem vocabant"[237]. He became a General in the Byzantine army and was awarded
the title sébastos by Emperor Manuel I. In 1163, Constance Pss of Antioch appealed to Konstantinos
Kalamános, Byzantine Governor of Cilicia, for military support to maintain her position in Antioch[238].
General Kalamános joined forces with Bohémond III Prince of Antioch, Raymond III Count of Tripoli and
Hugues de Lusignan to relieve the siege of the castle of Krak by Nur ed-Din in 1163[239]. He joined the
same group in Aug 1164 to relieve another attack on Harenc, but was captured in an ambush at Artah,
together with the other leaders, and taken bound to Aleppo, although Kalamános was released almost
immediately in return for 150 silken robes[240]. He was appointed Governor of Cilicia in 1167, and also
charged with the mission of ending the relationship between Andronikos Komnenos (his predecessor as
Governor of Cilicia) and Philippa, sister of Bohémond III Prince of Antioch, although Philippa refused his
proposal of marriage[241]. He suppressed the revolt of Thoros II Lord of the Mountains [Armenia-Rupen]
who had attacked Byzantine garrisons after accusing Andronikos Komnenos, while Governor, of complicity
in the murder in 1165 of his brother Stephané[242]. He was captured in Armenia in 1172/73, after which he
was probably succeeded as Governor of Cilicia by Isaakios Doukas (later emperor in Cyprus)[243]. It is not
clear whether General Kalamános was captured on two separate occasions, or whether the two occasions
described above were two versions of the same event which, if the latter is correct, would have to be re-
dated. A seal dated to [1175] names "Kalamanos"[244]. His descendants were the Kalomanoi family in
Byzantium.

Chapter 14. KAMATEROS

1. EPIPHANIOS Kamateros (-after [1100]). A seal dated to [1080] names "Epiphanios Kamateros ,
eparchos"[245]. A seal dated to [1080] names "Epiphanios Kamateros"[246]. A seal dated to [1090] names
"Epiphanios Kamateros"[247]. A seal dated to [1100] names "Epiphanios Kamateros"[248].

2. THEODOROS Kamateros . m MARIA, daughter of ---. Theodoros Kamateros is named as husband

of Maria, dated to late 11th/early 12th century[249].

3. BASILEIOS Kamateros . A seal dated to [1050] names "Basileios Kamateros, ktematinos"[250].

1088. Basileios Kamateros magistros and krites signed on behalf of his son Gregorios a copy of an
administrative document regarding the registration of a grant to Patmos[251]. m ---. The name of
Basileios's wife is not known. Basileios & his wife had one child:
a) GREGORIOS Kamateros. Basileios Kamateros magistros and krites signed on behalf of his son
Gregorios a copy of an administrative document regarding the registration of a grant to Patmos[252]. m
EIRENE Doukaina, daughter of [MIKHAEL] Doukas & his wife ---. Gregorios Kamateros & his wife had
four children:
i) ANDRONIKOS Doukas Kamateros (-executed 1185). Drongarios of the fleet. Pansébastos
sébastos. Megas drongarios tes bigles. He was executed on the orders of Emperor Andronikos I. m ---
Kantakouzene, daughter of ---. The name of Andronikos's wife is not known. Her family origin is
confirmed by a seal dated to [1175] names "Basileios sebastos, Kamateros on his father's side and
Kantakouzenos on his mother's"[253]. Andronikos & his wife had four children:
(a) EUPHROSYNE Doukaina Kamaterina (-1211). Niketas Choniates names "Euphrosyna" as wife of
Emperor Alexios[254]. Her parentage is confirmed by Niketas Choniates naming "fratri eius Camatero
Basilio", referring to Euphrosyne, in a later passage[255]. She escaped to Arta in Epirus and found refuge at
the court of Mikhael Angelos[256]. Ephræmius records the death of "Euphrosyne regina" and her burial at
20
Arta[257]. m ([1170/80]) ALEXIOS Komnenos Angelos, son of ANDRONIKOS Doukas Angelos & his
wife Euphrosyne Kastamonitissa (-imprisoned in Nikaia after 1211). He deposed his younger brother 8 Apr
1195 at Kypsela while on campaign against Bulgaria, succeeding as Emperor ALEXIOS III.
(b) IOANNES Kamateros .
(c) BASILEIOS Kamateros (-after 1182). A seal dated to [1165] names "protonobelissimos Basileios of
the family of Kamateros"[258]. A seal dated to [1175] names "Basileios sebastos, Kamateros on his father's
side and Kantakouzenos on his mother's"[259]. A seal dated to [1175] names "Basileios Kamateros,
protonobelissimos and eparchos"[260]. Ioannes Kinnamos records that "Basilium quondam, cognomento
Camaterum" was sent by Emperor Manuel I to negotiate a marriage with "Raimundo Antiochiæ principi
filiæ…Maria"[261]. Niketas Choniates names "fratri eius Camatero Basilio"[262], referring to Euphrosyne
(Doukaina Kamaterina), wife of Emperor Alexios III. Logothete. He was blinded in 1182 and banished to
Russia. A seal dated to [1199] names "Basileios born from the glorious family of the Doukai and the
Kamateroi, brother-in-law of the emperor of the Ausonians"[263].
(d) THEODORA Kamaterina . m MIKHAEL Stryphnos . Megas dux.
ii) MIKHAEL Kamateros .
iii) THEODOROS Kamateros .
iv) IOANNES Kamateros . Logothete.

2. [--- Kamateros . The identity of the father of Isaakios Doukas Emperor in Cyprus is not known.
According to Sturdza[264], he was Andronikos Doukas Kamateros (see above), although, if this is correct,
his absence from the other records which name Andronikos's known children would be surprising. Rüdt-
Collenberg[265] excludes his belonging to the Kamateros family, which Niketas Choniates described as
"neither elegant nor well-off"[266] while the family of Isaakios was "excellent" according to the same
source, although it is not clear whether he was referring to Isaakios's paternal or maternal ancestors. Rüdt-
Collenberg also highlights[267] the speculation of R. P. L. Stiernon of Paris that Isaakios may have been the
illegitimate son of Emperor Manuel I by Eirene Komnene, but this is pure conjecture. m [--- Komnene,
daughter of ISAAKIOS Komnenos & his first wife Theodora Kamaterina. Niketas Choniates[268]
describes Isaakios, Emperor in Cyprus, as the nephew of Theodora Komnene, wife of Baudouin III King of
Jerusalem, therefore presumably the son of an otherwise unknown sister or half-sister of Theodora assuming
that "nephew" is used is in its strict meaning. She is named Eirene in Europäische Stammtafeln[269], but
the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified.]

1. IOANNES Kamateros (-after 1208). Georgios Akropolites names "Ioannes…Camaterus" as

Patriarch of Constantinople at the time the city was captured by the Latins in 1204, recording that he retired
to Didymoteichos (in Thrace) and refused to crown Theodoros Laskaris as emperor, but resigned as
patriarch to give way for "Michael Auctorianus"[270].

2. BASILEIOS Kamateros (-1186 or after). Greek patriarch 1182-1186.

Chapter 15. KAMYTZES

1. EUSTATHIOS Kamytzes (-after 1113). A seal dated to [1100] names "Eustathios Kamytzes,
sebastos"[271]. A seal dated to [1100] names "Eustathios Kamytzes, protonobelissimos"[272]. The
Alexeiad records that "Gregorios Gabras" confided in "George Dekanos, Eustathius Kamytzes and Michael
the cup-bearer usually called pincerna" that he planned to escape to join his father[273]. The Alexeiad
records that "Eustathius Kamytzes" was made military commander of Lampe, dated to 1098 from the

21
context[274]. The Alexeiad records that "Eustathius Kamytzes" was governor of Nikaia, dated to 1113
from the context[275]. Sébastos. Zonaras names "Camytze Eustathio duce"[276].

2. KONSTANTINOS Kamytzes (-after [1167]). Two seals dated to [1140] name "Konstantinos
Kamytzes, sebastos"[277]. A seal dated to [1167] names "Konstantinos sebastos…from the Kamytzes
family"[278].

3. LEON Kamytzes . 1166.

4. --- Kamytzes . m ---. A seal dated to [1200] names "Manuel protostrator, Kamytzes on his father's
side, and on his mother's side cousin of Komnenodoukas who is ruler of the Ausonians"[279]. The exact
relationship between the mother of Manuel Kamytzes and the imperial family has not yet been identified.
One child:
a) MANUEL Kamytzes . 1201. Prostrator. A seal dated to [1200] names "Manuel protostrator,
Kamytzes on his father's side, and on his mother's side cousin of Komnenodoukas who is ruler of the
Ausonians"[280].

5. KONSTANTINOS Kamytzes, son of --- (-after [1201/02]). Protostratos. He commanded Emperor

Alexios's campaign in Bulgaria against Ivanko, was captured, and sent to Kalojan Tsar of the Bulgarians as
a gift. Georgios Akropolites records that "protostrator Camytzes" was captured in battle "Philippopolim
Beroemque"[281]. Ransomed by his son-in-law, together they sought revenge against Emperor Alexios
who had refused to reimburse the ransom. They seized Prilep and raided Thessaly, establishing a semi-
independent principality, but Chrysos abandoned Kamytzes and expelled him after being offered a new
bride by the emperor[282]. m ([1160]) MARIA Angelina, daughter of KONSTANTINOS Angelos,
Sébastohypertatos & his wife Theodora Komnene. Konstantinos Kamytzes & his wife had one child:
a) daughter. m ([1197], repudiated [1201]) as his second wife, DOBROMIR Hrs [Chrysos], son of ---
(-murdered [1209/11]). A Vlach fighting for Bulgaria, he occupied the fortress of Prosek overlooking the
Vardar river in 1197. After Emperor Alexios was unable to dislodge him, he was offered General
Kamytzes's daughter as a bride[283]. After helping his father-in-law to escape from Bulgarian captivity in
[1201], he repudiated his wife after the emperor offered him his granddaughter as a new bride[284].

Chapter 16. KARANTENOS

1. KONSTANTINOS Karantenos (-after [1032]). Cedrenus records that Emperor Romanos appointed
"Constantinum Carantenum, sororis suæ maritum" as doux of Antioch in succession to "Spondyles
Antiochiæ dux", dated to [1032][285]. m --- Argyre, daughter of --- Argyros & his wife ---. Her parentage
and marriage are confirmed by Cedrenus who records that Emperor Romanos sent "sororis suæ maritum
Constantinum patricium Carantenum" with an army to Syria, dated to [1029/32][286]. Konstantinos & his
wife had one child:
a) NIKEPHOROS Karantenos (-[1071/72]). Cedrenus names "Nicephoro patricii Nauplii præfecto,
Caranteni filio" when recording his military victory against "Saraceni", dated to [1032][287]. Patrikios.
Strategos of Nauplion. Skylitzes records "Nicephorus Carantenus" as "Scopiis ducis", dated to [1071/72]
[288]. The same passage refers to Nikephoros´s successor "Damianus Dalassenus", suggesting that
Nikephoros died around this time.

Chapter 17. KASTAMONITES

22
1. NIKETAS Kastamonites . A seal dated to [1050] names "Niketas Kastamonites"[289]. A seal dated
to [1084] names "Niketas Kastamonites kouropalates"[290]. A seal dated to [1084] names "Niketas
Kastamonites kouropalates and doux"[291]. The Alexeiad names "Nicetas Castamonites" as leader of an
expeditionary force[292]. The Alexeiad names "Nicetas Castamonites" among those who joined the
rebellion led by the Anemas brothers against Emperor Alexios I[293].

2. KONSTANTINOS Kastamonites (-after [1075]). A seal dated to [1075] names "Konstantinos

Kastamonites, vestes"[294].

3. MIKHAEL [Kastamonites] (-after [1084]). A seal dated to [1084] names "Michael Ka---, patrikios
krites of the hippodrome and chartoularios of the charitable foundations"[295].

4. NIKEPHOROS Kastamonites (-after [1110]). A seal dated to [1075] names "Nikephoros

Kastamonites, proedros and honorary droungarios of the fleet"[296]. A seal dated to [1110] names
"Nikephoros Kastamonites, kouropalates"[297]. A seal dated to [1125] names "Nikephoros
Kastamonites"[298].

Two brothers, parents not known.

5. THEODOROS Kastamonites, megas logothetis.
6. ---. m ---.
a) EUPHROSYNE Kastamonitissa (-killed in battle against Dyrrhacchion [1185/95]). Niketas
Choniates names "matrem Isaacii Angeli Euphrosynam"[299]. The primary source which confirms her
parentage has not yet been identified. m (before 1155) ANDRONIKOS Doukas Angelos, son of
KONSTANTINOS Angelos & his wife Theodora Komnene (-after 1185). A military leader in Asia Minor
1176/83.

7. DEMETRIOS Kastamonites (-after [1150]). A seal dated to [1150] names "Demetrios

Kastamonites"[300].

8. LEON Kastamonites (-after [1150]). A seal dated to [1150] names "Leon Kastamonites"[301].

9. NIKEPHOROS Kastamonites (-after [1175]). A seal dated to [1150] names "Nikephoros

Kastamonites"[302]. A seal dated to [1150] names "Nikephoros Kastamonites patrikios"[303]. A seal dated
to [1175] names "Nikephoros Kastamonites, protokouropalates"[304].

10. EUSTATHIOS Kastamonites . Eustathios Kastamonites is among those who signed the document of
the sekreton of the sea handing over a new ship to the monastery of Patmos, dated to the late 12th/early 13th
centuries[305].

11. IOANNES Kastamonites (-after [1200]). A seal dated to [1200] names "Ioannes, sebastos and
eparchos, descended from the family of Kastamonites"[306].

12. KONSTANTINOS Kastamonites (-after [1180]). A seal dated to [1180] names "Konstantinos
Kastamonites"[307].

Chapter 18. KEROULARIOS

23
1. MIKHAEL Keroularios (-after 1058). Cedrenus records that "Michaele Cerulario et Joanne
Macrempolita" rebelled against Emperor Mikhael IV, dated to [1040/41] from the context[308]. Cedrenus
records that "Michaelus Cerularius" who had been exiled as a monk by "orphanotrophus" was appointed
patriarch "indictione 11…die Annuntiationis festo"[309]. Cedrenus records that "magister Michaelus
Anastasii filius, patricius Theodorus Chryselius, patricius Christophorus Pyrrhus, omnes sodalitatum duces"
supported Patriarch Kirularios in his dispute with Emperor Isaakios Komnenos, dated to [1058][310].
2. --- . m ---. Two children:
a) NIKEPHOROS . Cedrenus names "Patriarcha" and "Nicephorum…et Constantinum fratres,
patrueles suos" at the time of Patriarch Keroularios´s dispute with Emperor Isaakios Komnenos, adding that
they were seized to persuade the patriarch to surrender, dated to [1058][311].
b) KONSTANTINOS . Cedrenus names "Patriarcha" and "Nicephorum…et Constantinum fratres,
patrueles suos" at the time of Patriarch Keroularios´s dispute with Emperor Isaakios Komnenos, adding that
they were seized to persuade the patriarch to surrender, dated to [1058][312].
3. daughter . Her family origin is confirmed by the Historia of Mikhael Attaliota which records that
"vestiarius Constantinus Ducas" married "neptis patriarchæ [Kerularii]"[313]. m IOANNES
Makremobilites, son of --- (-after 1040).

Chapter 19. KONTOSTEPHANOS

This family is dealt with by Henri Grégoire and J. Darrouzes[314].

1. KONSTANTINOS Kontostephanos (-after [1050]). A seal dated to [1050] names "Konstantinos

Kontostephanos patrikios and strategos"[315].

2. MIKHAEL Kontostephanos (-after [1056]). A seal dated to [1055] names "Michael

Kontostephanos, magistros and doux of Antioch"[316]. A seal dated to [1056] names "Michael
Kontostephanos, magistros and doux of Antioch"[317].

Two brothers, parents not known:

1. ISAAKIOS Kontostephanos . The Alexeiad names "Isaakios Kontostephanos, the thalassocrator…
his brother Stephanos" who were guarding "the Lombardy strait" against possible attack by Bohémond I
Prince of Antioch[318].
2. STEPHANOS Kontostephanos . The Alexeiad names "Isaakios Kontostephanos, the
thalassocrator…his brother Stephanos" who were guarding "the Lombardy strait" against possible attack by
Bohémond I Prince of Antioch[319].

3. STEPHANOS Kontostephanos (-killed in battle Corfu 1149). A seal dated to [1090] names
"Stephanos Kontostephanos"[320]. A seal dated to [1090] names "Stephanos Kontostephanos, nobelissimos
and doux"[321]. Panhypersébastos. Megas dux. A seal dated to [1139] names "Stephanos Kontostephanos,
despotes"[322]. Ioannes Kinnamos names "sororium [γαμβρόν]…Stephanum… Contostephanum"
(referring to Emperor Manuel I) as commander of the fleet which was delayed in the Italian expedition, but
was mortally wounded at Kerkyra and told "Andronicum…qui filiorum erat ultimus" to proceed[323]. m
([1125]) ANNA Komnene, daughter of Emperor IOANNES II & his wife Piroska [Eirene] of Hungary
([1110]-). Her parentage is confirmed by Niketas Choniates who names "Stephano Contostephano sororio"
of Emperor Manuel I[324]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified.
Stephanos Kontostephanos & his wife had four children:
24
a) IOANNES Kontostephanos . Ioannes Kinnamos names "Ioannes et Andronicus ex
Contostaphanorum gente", in a passage dealing with the early years of the reign of Emperor Manuel I[325].
Sébastos. Ioannes Kinnamos records that "Ioannem Contostephanum" was sent to Palestine to "Balduinum
regem" (Baudouin III King of Jerusalem, so dated to before 1163)[326]. Ioannes Kinnamos records that
"Ioannem Contostephanum sebastum et Theophylactum virum Italum" were sent by Emperor Manuel I to
negotiate a marriage with "puella Tripoli in Phoenicia, gente quidem Latina"[327]. A seal dated to [1165]
names "Ioannes, Kontostephanos from his father but Komnenos from his mother"[328]. A seal dated to
[1165] names "Ioannes, Kontostephanos whose mother was a Komnene"[329]. m THEODORA, daughter
of IOANNES Rogerios Dalassenos & his wife Maria Komnene. The primary source which confirms her
parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Ioannes & his wife had [one possible child]:
i) [ANDRONIKOS Kontostephanos (-Elegmi monastery 23 Feb 1209). His epitaph describes him as a
grandson of a megas dux, presumably a grandson of Stephanos Kontostephanos. He became a monk as
ANTONIOS.]
b) ALEXIOS Kontostephanos (-1176). Ioannes Kinnamos records that "Alexium Contostephani filium
ex sorore nepotem" was sent by Emperor Manuel I to Hungary[330]. Strategos in Hungary. A seal dated to
[1150] names "Alexios Kontostephanos"[331]. A seal dated to [1165] names "Alexios Kontostephanos,
Komnenos on his mother's side"[332]. He became a monk as ANTONIOS. m ---. She is described as the
daughter of a logothete. The couple died childless.
c) ANDRONIKOS Kontostephanos (-after 1182). Ioannes Kinnamos names "Ioannes et Andronicus
ex Contostaphanorum gente", in a passage dealing with the early years of the reign of Emperor Manuel
I[333]. Megas dux 1144/56. Ioannes Kinnamos names "sororium [γαμβρόν]…Stephanum…
Contostephanum" (referring to Emperor Manuel I) as commander of the fleet which was delayed in the
Italian expedition, but was mortally wounded at Kerkyra and told "Andronicum…qui filiorum erat ultimus"
to proceed[334]. Niketas Choniates names "magnus…dux Andronicus Contostephanus"[335]. A seal dated
to [1165] names "Andronikos Kontostephanos, who on his mother's side descends from the family of the
Komnenoi"[336]. Ioannes Kinnamos records that "Andronico Contostephani filio" was invested with
"magni ducis dignitatem" and sent on a mission to Hungary[337]. Grand drongarios of the fleet. His fleet
helped Amaury I King of Jerusalem at the unsuccessful siege of Damietta in late 1169[338]. He was
blinded with his four sons in 1182 by Emperor Andronikos I. m --- [Doukaina], daughter of ---. The
primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. Andronikos & his wife had four
children:
i) four sons, blinded in 1182. The primary source which confirms their parentage has not yet been
identified.
d) EIRENE Komnene. Ioannes Kinnamos records that "Nicephorum ex Bryenniorum familia" married
"ex fratre vel sorore Manuelis neptim"[339]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been
identified. m NIKEPHOROS Bryennios, son of ---.

4. ANDRONIKOS Kontostephanos (-1156 or after). m THEODORA Komnene, daughter of

ADRIANOS Komnenos & his wife --- ([1110]-). The primary source which confirms her parentage and
marriage has not yet been identified. Andronikos Kontostephanos & his wife had [four or more] children:
a) IOANNES Kontostephanos. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been
identified. Sébastos.
b) ALEXIOS Kontostephanos. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been
identified. m [MARIA Doukaina, daughter of ---]. The primary source which confirms her marriage has
not yet been identified.
c) --- Kontostephanina . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.

5. EVDOKIA Kontostephanina (-after [1175]). A seal dated to [1175] names "Eudokia

Kontostephananina, sebaste and megale drougaraia"[340].

6. ISAAKIOS Kontostephanos (-after [1150]). A seal dated to [1150] names "Isaakios

Kontostephanos"[341].

25
7. NIKEPHOROS Kontostephanos . Nikephoros Kontostephanos established a praktikon at the orders
of Emperor Alexios I in order to settle a dispute[342]. Nikephoros Kontostephanos doux of Crete and
gambros of the emperor (Alexios I) was requested to exempt a ship from taxes for the monastery of
Patmos[343].

1. ANDRONIKOS Kontostephanos (-[1196/97]). Niketas Choniates names "imperatricis cognatis

Andronico Contostephano"[344], presumably referring to his family relationship with Euphrosyne
(Doukaina Kamaterina), wife of Emperor Alexios III, although the precise connection has not yet been
identified. He became a monk as AKAKIOS. m as her first husband, EIRENE Komnene Angelina,
daughter of Emperor ALEXIOS III & his wife Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamaterina (-after 1203). Niketas
Choniates names "Contostephanus Andronicus et Isaacius Comenus" as "duo generi" of Emperor
Alexios[345]. Ephræmius records that "filiarum…Irene natu maior" married "Andronico…de
Contostephanis"[346]. Niketas Choniates records the second marriage of "imperator…filias…Irenem" and
"Alexio Paleologo"[347]. She married secondly Alexios Komnenos Palaiologos, and went into exile in
1203.

2. ANNA Kontostephanina. She is named as wife of Adrianos in a tomb inscription at the Church of St
Mary Pammakaristos, now Fethiye Camii[348]. m ADRIANOS Komnenos, son of ALEXIOS Komnenos
sébastos & his wife Eirene Synadene.

3. THEODOROS Kontostephanos (-killed in battle Antioch 1152). Sébastos. Ioannes Kinnamos

records that "Theodorus Contostephanus…sebastorum dignitatem" was killed in battle in Antioch[349].

1. THEODOROS Kontostephanos (-after [1248]). Protosébastos. Georgios Akropolites names "…

Contostephanus protosebastus…" among the important nobles at the court of Emperor Ioannes
Batatzes[350]. Georgios Akropolites records that "Theodorum Contostephanum" was invested with
"protosebasti dignitate", in [1248] from the context of the passage[351].

1. IOANNES Palaiologos Kontostephanos (-before May 1386). Megas primikerios 1369/73. m

ANNA Asanina, daughter of [IOANNES Asanes sébastokrator & his wife --- Apokavke] (after [1347]-).
The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. She was named
in 1374 as cousin of Empress Helena.

Chapter 20. MAKREMBOLITES

1. GEORGIOS Makrembolites (-after [1040]). A seal dated to [1040] names "Georgios

Makrembolites, spatharokandidatos and krites of Chaldia"[352].

2. THEODOROS Makrembolites (-after [1050]). A seal dated to [1050] names "Theodoros

Makrembolites, protospatharios and domestikos of Optimaton"[353].

3. IOANNES Makrembolites (-after 1040). Cedrenus records that "Michaele Cerulario et Joanne
Macrempolita" rebelled against Emperor Mikhael IV, dated to [1040/41] from the context[354]. m ---
Keroularie, daughter of ---. The name of Ioannes's wife is not known. Her family origin is confirmed by
the Historia of Mikhael Attaliota which records that "vestiarius Constantinus Ducas" married "neptis
patriarchæ [Kerularii]"[355]. Ioannes Makrembolites & his wife had one child:
26
a) EVDOKIA Makrembolitissa (-1096). Psellus names "Eudocia" as wife of Emperor
Konstantinos[356]. The Historia of Mikhael Attaliota records that "vestiarius Constantinus Ducas" married
"neptis patriarchæ [Kerularii]"[357]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been
identified. Nikephoros Bryennios names "eius coniuge Eudocia, cum Michaele, Andronico et Constantino
filiis" as survivors of "Ducas"[358]. Regent of Byzantium for her son Emperor Mikhael VII 1067.
Although her husband on his deathbed made her swear she would never remarry[359], she married secondly
his successor. Psellus records the second marriage of "Eudocia" and "Romanus, the son of Diogenes"[360].
On the overthrow of Emperor Romanos IV, she ruled jointly with her son, but was soon overthrown and
confined to a convent. m firstly (before 1050) as his second wife, KONSTANTINOS Doukas, son of
ANDRONIKOS Doukas & his wife --- ([1006/07]-22 May 1067). He succeeded in 1059 as Emperor
KONSTANTINOS X. m secondly (1 Jan 1068) as his second wife, ROMANOS Diogenes, son of ---
Diogenes & his wife --- Argyre (-Prote Monastery Summer 1072). On his marriage, he immediately
succeeded as Emperor ROMANOS IV.

4. DEMETRIOS Makrembolites (-after [1097]). Ioannes Kinnamos records that "Demetrium quondam
Macrembolitem" went as ambassador to the crusader leaders, in [1097][361].

5. MARIA Makrembolitissa (-after [1075]). A seal dated to [1075] names "Maria Makrembolitissa
kouropalatissa"[362]. A seal dated to [1100] names "Maria Makrembolitissa kouropalatissa"[363].

6. THEODOROS Makrembolites (-after [1085]). A seal dated to [1073] names "Theodoros

Makrembolites, protovestes and krites of Opsikion"[364]. A seal dated to [1085] names "Theodoros
Makrembolites, magistros"[365]. Two seal dated to [1100] name "Theodoros Makrembolites"[366].

7. IOANNES Makrembolites (-after [1100]). A seal dated to [1090] names "Ioannes

Makrembolites"[367]. A seal dated to [1100] names "Ioannes Makrembolites"[368].

8. SYMEON Makrembolites (-after [1107]). A seal dated to [1107] names "Symeon Makrembolites,
kouropalates"[369]. A seal dated to [1115] names "Symeon Makrembolites"[370].

9. THOMAS Makrembolites (-after [1115]). A seal dated to [1115] names "Thomas

Makrembolites"[371].

10. LEON Makrembolites (-after [1150]). A seal dated to [1150] names "Leon Makrembolites"[372].

11. MIKHAEL Makrembolites (-after [1150]). Two seals dated to [1150] name "Michael
Makrembolites"[373].

12. THEODOROS Makrembolites (-after [1150]). A seal dated to [1150] names "Theodoros
Makrembolites, metropolitan of Methymna"[374].

13. IOANNES Makrembolites (-after [1150]). Two seals dated to [1125] name "Ioannes
Makrembolites"[375]. A seal dated to [1150] names "Ioannes Makrembolites, droungarious of the
vigla"[376]. A seal dated to [1150] names "Ioannes Makrembolites"[377].

14. EUMATHIOS Makrembolites (-after [1175]). Two seals dated to [1175] name "Eumathios
Makrembolites"[378].

15. MIKHAEL Makrembolites (-after [1275]). A seal dated to [1275] names "Michael Makrembolites…
wife Eirene"[379]. m EIRENE, daughter of ---. A seal dated to [1275] names "Michael Makrembolites…
wife Eirene"[380].

27
Chapter 21. MAVROZOMES

1. IOANNES Mavrozomes (-after ([1150]). A seal dated to [1150] names "Ioannes

Maurozomes"[381].

2. PAULOS Mavrozomes (-after [1150]). A seal dated to [1150] names "Paulos Maurozomes"[382].

3. MIKHAEL Mavrozomes . A seal dated to [1175] names "Michael…Maurozomes"[383].

4. THEODOROS Mavrozomes. Strategos. m ---. The name of Theodoros's wife is not known.
Theodoros Mavrozomes & his wife had one child:
a) MANUEL Mavrozomes Komnenos . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet
been identified. He resisted the establishment of the Latin Empire of Constantinople in 1204, briefly
founding an independent lordship in the Meander valley[384]. m ---. The name of Manuel's wife is not
known. Manuel Mavrozomes & his wife had two children:
i) --- Komnenos Mavrozomes . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been
identified. He converted to Islam and became Emir KOMNENOS Beglebeg 1220-1228.
ii) daughter. Her marriage is confirmed by Niketas Choniates who names "Iconii Sultano Caichoaroe"
and "Manueli Maurozomæ illius socero"[385]. m (1203) KAI KHUSRAW I Seljuk Sultan of Rum, son of
KILIC ARSLAN II Seljuk Sultan of Rum.

Chapter 22. METOCHITES

1. THEODOROS Metochites (-Mar 1332[386]). He was appointed megas logothetis by Emperor

Andronikos II. He remained loyal to Andronikos II during the rebellion of the latter's grandson co-Emperor
Andronikos, but his assets were confiscated and he was sent into exile after the young emperor entered
Constantinople in 1328. He was allowed to return and lived as a monk in the monastery of the Chora[387].
m ---. The name of Theodoros's wife is not known. Theodoros Metochites & his wife had five children:
a) EIRENE Metochitissa. Ioannes Kantakouzenos records the marriage of "Ioannem" and "Metochites
magnus logotheta Irenen filiam"[388]. m (soon after 1305/06) IOANNES Komnenos Palaiologos,
panhypersébastos, Governor of Thessaloniki, son of KONSTANTINOS Doukas Palaiologos & his wife
Eirene Raoulaina ([1291]-Skopje 1327).
b) DEMETRIOS Angelos Metochites . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet
been identified. Governor of Strumitza 1326. Megas stratopedarches 1355.
c) NIKEPHOROS Metochites . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been
identified. Megas logothetes 1355-57.
d) MIKHAEL Metochites . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been
identified. Governor of Melenikon 1326.
e) ALEXIOS Metochites . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been
identified. Megas domestikos 1355-1369.

Chapter 23. MOUSELE

28
Two brothers, parents not known:
1. ALEXIOS Mousele (-842 or after, bur Chrysopolis, Bythinia, Monastery of Anthemios). The
emperor installed him as stratelates and dux of Sicily but he was accused of betraying the Christian cause to
the Arabs and of plotting to take the throne. He was brought back to Constantinople, beaten and
imprisoned[389]. Theophanes Continuatus records that he retired to Chrysopolis and founded the
monastery of Anthemios[390]. Betrothed ([836/37]) to MARIA, daughter of Emperor THEOPHILOS & his
wife Theodora --- ([837/38]-before 842, bur Constantinople, Church of the Holy Apostles). Theophanes
Continuatus names (in order) "Thecla et Anna Anastasiaque et Pulcheria et Maria" as the five daughters of
Emperor Theophilus and his wife[391]. Theophanes Continuatus records that "quinque filias…ex illis natu
minimam…Mariam" married "ex Crenitarum gente, Armenius patria, Alexius cognomento Moseles", who
was invested as "patricii primum ac proconsulis…tum…etiam magister, ac demum cæsar" by his father-in-
law[392]. As Maria must have been a young child at the time of this recorded marriage, it is possible that
the ceremony was one of betrothal only. Emperor Konstantinos VII's De Ceremoniis Aulæ records that
"Maria, filia Theophili" was buried in the church of the Holy Apostles[393].
2. THEODOSIOS Mousele (----, bur Chrysopolis, Bythinia, Monastery of Anthemios). Theophanes
Continuatus names "eius germanus Theodosius", referring to Alexios Mousele, and that he was installed as
patrikios and buried in the monastery founded by his brother[394]. Betrothed to

3. --- Mousele . m --- Lekapene, daughter of Emperor ROMANOS I Lekapenos & his [first] wife ---.
Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by Cedrenus who names "magistri Romani Moselis, prognati a
Romano sene", dated to [962] from the context[395]. One child:
a) ROMANOS Mousele . Cedrenus names "magistri Romani Moselis, prognati a Romano sene", dated
to [962] from the context[396].

Chapter 24. MOUZALON

1. LEON Mouzalon (-after [1050]). A seal dated to [1050] names "Leon Mouzalon spatharios and
imperial notarios"[397].

2. EUGENIOS Mouzalon (-after [1075]). A seal dated to [1075] names "Eugenios Mouzalon,
krites"[398].

3. MIKHAEL Mouzalon (-[after 1090]). Two seals dated to [1085] name "Michael Mouzalon"[399].

4. THEOPHANO Mouzalon (-after [1088]). A seal dated to [1088] names "Theophano Mouzalonissa
archontissa of Russia"[400].

5. NIKOLAOS Mouzalon (-1152). Patriarch of Constantinople. Ioannes Kinnamos records the

appointment of "Nicolaum…cognomine Muzalonem" as patriarch, despite opposition after resigning the
priesthood in Cyprus, and his resignation after Emperor Manuel I did not support him[401].

Three brothers, parents not known:

1. GEORGIOS Mouzalon (-murdered Sosandra Sep 1258). He was the personal friend and favourite of
Theodoros II Emperor at Nikaia who appointed him megas domestikos, megas stratopedarchos, and
protobestiarios, as well as regent for his infant son. Georgios Akropolites records that "Bulgarorum
Georgios Muzalo" was appointed "magni domestici", and in a later passage "protosebasti et protovestiarii
magnique stratopedarchæ"[402]. Emperor Theodoros was much influenced by his personal friend Georgios
29
Muzalon whom he created mega domestikos and appointed as regent for his infant son[403]. He was
murdered during the uprising led by Mikhail Palaiologos, which followed his appointment as regent. m
(1256) as her first husband, THEODORA Palaiologina Komnene Kantakouzene, daughter of IOANNES
Komnenos Angelos Kantakouzenos & his wife Eirene Komnene Palaiologina ([1240]-6 Dec 1300).
Pachymeres records the marriage of "Theodoram e Cantacuzanorum gente, Palaeologi neptam ex sorore"
and "Georgium Muzalonem Atramyttinum"[404]. She married secondly (1261) Ioannes Raul Komnenos
Doukas Angelos Petraliphas. Pachymeres records that "Ioannem…Raulem, protovestiarii Raulis filium"
married "vidua protovestiarii Muzalonis…Theodora, neptis…imperatoris Palaeologi, eius sororis Eulogiæ
ex Cantacuzeno filia" (in [1261/62])[405]. She became a nun as KYRIAKE.
2. ANDRONIKOS Mouzalon . Georgios Akropolites records that "Georgium Muzalonem…fratrem
illius Andronicum" was appointed "protovestiaritem magni domestici" by Emperor Theodoros II[406].
Pachymeres records that "Georgium Muzalonem Atramyttinum…fratrem minorem Andronicum" was
created "magnum domesticum"[407]. m as her first husband, --- Raulaina, daughter of ALEXIOS Raul &
his [first] wife ---. Pachymeres records that "Georgium Muzalonem Atramyttinum…fratrem minorem
Andronicum" married "Cloista Raulis filia"[408]. She married secondly Andronikos Palaiologos.
Pachymeres records that "Andronicum alium Palaeologum ex Occidente" married "vidua Andronici
Muzalonis…magnum domesticum…protostratorem"[409].
3. --- Muzalon . Pachymeres records that "Georgium Muzalonem Atramyttinum…tertium…horum
fratrem" was "prothieracarium sive summum accipitrariæ venationis" and was appointed "regii aucupii
præfectum"[410].

4. THEODOROS Mouzalon (-1294). Protobestiarios, logothetis. He became a monk. m (after 1282)

--- Kantakouzene, daughter of ---. Pachymeres records that "Theodorus Muzalo" married "filiam
Cantacuzeni"[411]. Theodoros & his wife had one child:

a) EUDOKIA . Pachymeres records the betrothal of "[filiam] magnum logothetam Muzalonem" and
"fratri suo Theodoro", that the marriage did not proceed on grounds of consanguinity, but that "filiam…
protovestiarii" married "Constantino proprio filio…despotæ"[412]. Betrothed (contract broken before 28
Jun 1293) to THEODOROS Doukas Angelos Komnenos Palaiologos, son of Emperor MIKHAEL VIII &
his wife Theodora Doukaina Komnene Palaiologina Batatzaina (-after 1310). m (22 May 1295) as his first
wife, KONSTANTINOS Palaiologos, son of Emperor ANDRONIKOS II & his first wife Anna of Hungary
([1278/81]-[1334/35]).

Chapter 25. PEGONITES

1. NIKETAS Pegonites (-after [1033]). A seal dated to [1018] names "Niketas Pegonites patrikios and
strategos of Dyrrachion"[413]. Cedrenus records that "patricius Niceta Pegonites" captured "castellum…
Percrin" and killed its commander "Alimus Saracenus…et eius filium", dated to [1033][414]. same person
as…? NIKEPHOROS Pegonites (-after 1018). Cedrenus records that Emperor Basileios II appointed
"Nicephoro patricio Pegonita" as governor of Durazzo after Ivan Vladislav Tsar of the Bulgarians was killed
(in 1018)[415].

2. LEON Pegonites (-after [1025]). A seal dated to [1025] names "Leon Pegonites, protospatharios and
strategos of Presthlavitza"[416]. same person as…? LEON Pegonites . General . Psellos names Leon
Pegonites as father of Eirene, wife of Ioannes Doukas[417]. m ---. The name of Nikolaos's wife is not
known. Nikolaos Pegonites & his wife had one child:
a) EIRENE Pegonitissa (-8 Sep [1060/66]). Psellos names Leon Pegonites as father of Eirene, wife of
Ioannes Doukas[418]. The list of obituaries of Empress Eirene Doukas's family records the death "8 Sep
30
Irene, grandmother of the Empress"[419]. m ([1045]) IOANNES Doukas caesar, son of ANDRONIKOS
Doukas protospatharios and strategos & his wife --- (-[1088]).

3. THEODOROS Pegonites (-after [1067]). A seal dated to [1050] names "Theodoros Pegonites,
patrikios and strategos"[420]. A seal dated to [1060] names "Theodoros Pegonites, patrikios anthypatos
vestes and katepano of Paradounavon"[421]. A seal dated to [1067] names "Theodoros Pegonites magistros
and doux of Edessa"[422].

4. LEON Pegonites (-after [1075]). A seal dated to [1075] names "Leon Pegonites"[423]. A seal dated
to [1100] names "Leon Pegonites"[424].

Chapter 26. PETRALOIPHAS

This family descended from a Norman, Peter of Alife[425]. This origin is confirmed by Niketas Choniates
who refers to "quatuor fratres Petraliphæ, ex Francica gente oriundi"[426].

1. ALEXIOS Petraloiphas. Ioannes Kinnamos records that Emperor Manuel I sent "Alexium
Petraloepham" to Asia with troops and money at the request of "Clitziesthlan" (Sultan Kilij Arslan), but the
latter used him to force the surrender of cities then refused to hand them over to him[427]. m ANNA
Komnene, daughter of IOANNES Dalassenos Rogerios [Jean Roger] & his wife Maria Komnene. A seal
dated to [1125] names "Anna Komnene, daughter of the kaisarissa and of the…despotes kaisar"[428]. The
primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. Alexios Petraliphas & his wife had
one child:
a) --- Petraphoilas-Komnenos. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been
identified. m HELENA of Bohemia, daughter of FRIEDRICH Duke of Bohemia & his wife Elisabeth of
Hungary. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. She
adopted the name EIRENE in Byzantium.

2. NIKEPHOROS Petraloiphas . Ioannes Kinnamos names "Andronicus Lampardas et Nicephorus

Petralipha" in a campaign in Hungary[429]. Panteleemon names Nikephoros Komnenos Petraloiphas
sebastocrator as grandson of Maria, dated to the late 12th/early 13th century[430].

1. THEODOROS Petraloiphas. m ---. The name of Theodoros's wife is not known. Theodoros
Petraliphos & his wife had two children:
a) [THEODOROS] Petraloiphas. m ---. The name of [Theodoros]'s wife is not known. [Theodoros]
Petraliphos & his wife had one child:
i) --- Petraloiphaina. Georgios Akropolites records that "Sthlavus Asani regis affinis" married
"Petraliphæ Theodori Comneni uxoris fratris filia" after the death of his first wife[431]. m ([1216]) as his
second wife, ALEXII SLAV, son of --- & his wife [--- of Bulgaria] (-after 1230). Voivode of Melnik.
b) MARIA Doukaina Komnene Petraloiphaina. Her parentage is indicated by Georgios Akropolites
who records that "Sthlavus Asani regis affinis" married "Petraliphæ Theodori Comneni uxoris fratris
filia"[432]. m (before 1210) THEODOROS Komnenos Doukas Angelos, Lord of Corinth, Navplion and
Argos, son of IOANNES Konstantinos Doukas Angelos & his [first/second] wife Zoe --- (-in prison in
Nikaia shortly after 1253). He succeeded his half-brother in 1215 as Lord of Epirus. He declared himself
Despot and autokrator in the Kingdom of Thessaloniki in 1224. He was crowned as THEODOROS I
Emperor of the Romans in [1225].

31
2. THEODORA Antiochitissa Petraloiphaina . A seal dated to [1200] names "Theodora Antiochitissa
Petraliphena"[433].

1. IOANNES Petraloiphas. Georgios Akropolites names "…Petraliphas magnus chartularius…"

among the important nobles at the court of Emperor Ioannes Batatzes[434]. m HELENA, daughter of ---.
Ioannes Petraliphos & his wife had three children:
a) THEODORA Doukaina Petraloiphaina Basilissa (bur Arta). Her parentage is indicated by Georgios
Akropolites who names "Petraliphas…uxoris Michaelis frater"[435]. Ephræmius names "Theodora
Michaelis coniux" when recording that she attended the marriage of her son Nikephoros[436]. Her husband
banished her in favour of his mistress but restored her to favour[437]. After attending her son's marriage to
the daughter of Theodoros II Emperor in Nikaia in 1256, she was kept a hostage and only released after her
husband surrendered Durazzo to Nikaia[438]. She became a nun, known as Holy Theodora of Arta, and
was the subject of a hagiography by the 13th century monk Job (Melias Iasites)[439]. m ([1230], divorced
Easter [1252/56]) MIKHAEL [II] Komnenos Doukas Angelos Lord of Epirus, despot, illegitimate son of
MIKHAEL Komnenos Doukas Lord of Epirus & his mistress --- ([1205]-[1267/68]).
b) THEODOROS Petraloiphas . Georgios Akropolites names "Petraliphas…uxoris Michaelis frater" in
a passage after the text recording his marriage[440]. Georgios Akropolites records that "Theodorus…
Petraliphas, uxoris Michaelis defectoris frater" escaped from Emperor Mikhael VIII[441]. m ([1250/55]) ---
Tornikaine, daughter of DEMETRIOS Tornikes & his second wife ---. Georgios Akropolites records the
marriage of "Theodorus Petraliphas" and "filiam Demetrii Tornicii Comneni", dated to the early 1250s from
the context[442].
c) MARIA Petraloiphaina. After arriving at Corfu, she murdered her husband[443]. m (1266) as his
[second][444] wife, PHILIPPE Chinard (-murdered 1266). A Frank from Cyprus. Admiral of Sicily. He
was named Governor of Corfu by Manfred King of Sicily after the latter captured the island in [1258].
After King Manfred was killed at Benevento in 1266, Mikhael [II] Lord of Epirus permitted Philippe
Chinard to remain as ruler of Corfu and arranged his marriage to his sister-in-law[445].

Chapter 27. PHILANTHROPENOS

1. ALEXIOS Philanthropenos. Georgios Akropolites names "Philantropeno Alexio Duca" recording

that he was "in custodiam Achridanæ regionis ab imperatore relicto" under Emperor Theodoros II[446].
Pachymeres names "Alexius Philanthropenus protostrator", stating that he was designated "dux magnus" but
did not use the title as "frater germanus Lascaris senioris Augusti" was still alive, in a passage dated to
[1263][447]. Admiral of the Fleet (megas dux) 1273. Protostrator 1259-1273. m ---. The name of
Alexios's wife is not known. Alexios Philanthropenos & his wife had one child:
a) --- Philanthropene. Pachymeres records that "Alexius Philanthropenus protostrator…filia" married
"Michaelem Martha imperatoris sorore natum", in a passage dated to [1263][448]. Her origin and marriage
are confirmed by Pachymeres who names "protovestiarii Tarchaniotæ secundus natu filius, Alexius
Philanthropenus dictus ex avo materno"[449]. m MIKHAEL Tarchaneiotes, son of NIKEPHOROS
Tarchaneiotes & his wife Maria Palaiologina (-1284). Megas domestikos.

1. GEORGIOS Philanthropenos. Archon of Lemnos, megas hetairiarches.

2. --- Philanthropenos (-after 1333). Ioannes Kantakouzenos names "pincerna Philanthropeno", in a

passage dated to 1333[450].

32
3. --- Philanthropene . Pachymeres records that "Michael cognomento Malum, primum a secretia antea
creatum" married "nobili virgini…ex Philanthropenorum stirpe" in [1261/62][451]. m ([1261/62])
MIKHAEL Malos, son of ---.

4. --- Philanthropenos . m ([1346/51]) EIRENE Asanina, daughter of ISAAKIOS Palaiologos Asanes

& his second wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been
identified.

5. ALEXIOS Angelos Philanthropenos (-[1389/93]). Governor of Thessaly 1378-79. Cæsar 1382-

1389. m MARIA Radoslava, daughter of RADOSLAV Chlapen & his wife ---. The primary source which
confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Alexios & his wife had [one possible
child]:
a) [MANUEL Angelos Philanthropenos (-1394 or after). Governor of Thessaly 1392-1393. Rival
emperor 1392-1394.] m ---. The name of Manuel's wife is not known. Manuel & his wife had one child:
i) MIKHAEL Philanthropenos (-[1427]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not
yet been identified.

6. ALEXIOS Philanthropenos Lascaris . Georgios Phrantzes records that "Alexius Philanthropenus

Lascaris" was present at the coronation of Emperor Konstantinos XI at Mistra in Jan 1449[452].

7. GEORGIOS Doukas Philanthropenos (-[1452]). Mesazon 1430-1439. m --- Asanaina, daughter of

ISAAKIOS Asan & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not
yet been identified. Georgios & his wife had one child:
a) MANUEL Philanthropenos (-killed Constantinople 29 May 1453). The primary source which
confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

Chapter 28. PHOTIOS

1. ZACHARIAS Photios . Symeon Magister names "Zacharias" as father of "Sergii spatharii"[453]. m

---. The name of Zacharias's wife is not known. Zacharias & his wife had two children:
a) SERGIOS Photios (-before 855). Symeon Magister names "Zacharias" as father of "Sergii
spatharii"[454]. m EIRENE, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by Theophanes Continuatus names
"Kalomaria…et Sophia ac Irene" as the three sisters of Empress Theodora, recording that Eirene married
"Irenes matris Photii (eius qui postea patriarcha fuit) fratri"[455]. Sergios & his wife had five children:
i) --- Photios (-886). Symeon Magister names "Sergii spatharii" as father of "Photius" the
patriarch[456]. Patriarch of Constantinople 858.
ii) TARASIOS . Patrikios. Tarasios is named as brother of Patriarch Photios in several of the letters of
the latter[457]. m ---. The name of Tarasios's wife is not known. Tarasios & his wife had --- children:
(a) daughter . One of the letters of Patriarch Photios was written to his brother Tarasios when the latter's
daughter died[458].
(b) sons and daughters . A letter of Patriarch Photios record that his brother Tarasios had surviving sons
and daughters[459].
iii) KONSTANTINOS . Konstantinos protospatharius is named as brother of Patriarch Photios in three
of the letters of the latter[460].
iv) THEODOROS . Theodoros is named as brother of Patriarch Photios in three of the letters of the
latter[461].
v) SERGIOS . Sergios protospatharius is named as brother of Patriarch Photios in six of the letters of
the latter[462].
vi) [son/daughter] . [m ---.]
33
(a) SERGIOS . Symeon Magister names "Sergium…frater magistri Thomæ, Photii patriarchæ nepos",
dated to after the appointment of Theophylaktus as Patriarch (933)[463]. Although Sergios and his brother
Thomas are recorded as nephews of Patriarch Photios, the identity of their parents is not known.
(b) THOMAS . Magister. Symeon Magister names "Sergium…frater magistri Thomæ, Photii
patriarchæ nepos", dated to after the appointment of Theophylaktus as Patriarch (933)[464]. Although
Sergios and his brother Thomas are recorded as nephews of Patriarch Photios, the identity of their parents is
not known.
b) [LEON] Photios . Symeon Magister, in an uncompleted sentence, records that "Zacharias…rursus
Leonem βασι…habuit filium…"[465]. It is not clear whether the word "" was the start of another clause
which recounted the contacts which Zacharias's son Leon had with an unnamed emperor or whether
Zacharias's son himself was the emperor named Leon. The latter sounds unlikely as, if correct, it is
surprising that the fact does not seem to be mentioned in any other source. It also appears chronologically
difficult to sustain with any known Emperor Leon: if it is correct, as shown above, that Zacharias's other
son's wife was the sister of the husband of one of the sisters of Empress Theodora, the brothers must have
been born in the late 8th or early 9th century.]

Chapter 29. RALLIS [RAOUL]

The main source for this family is Fassoulakis[466].

1. RAOUL "Peau-de-Loup", son of [DAGOBERT & his wife ---] . A Norman by origin, the Alexeiad
records that Robert Guiscard Duke of Calabria and Apulia sent him as ambassador to Constantinople in
1080, with the mission of objecting to the termination of the betrothal of the Duke's daughter to
Konstantinos Doukas, son of Emperor Mikhael VII[467]. He remained in Constantinople in the service of
the Emperor[468]. Ancestor of the Raoul family. m ---. The name of Raoul's wife is not known. Raoul &
his wife had one child:
a) HUMBERTOS .
2. ROGER . The Alexeiad records "Raoul's brother Roger deserted to the Romans" and informed them
of the war plans of Robert "Guiscard"[469]. m --- [Dalassene], daughter of ---. Roger & his wife had one
child:
a) JEAN Roger. He was known as IOANNES Rogerios Dalassenos in Byzantium. Pretender to the
imperial throne in 1143. Caesar. Ioannes Kinnamos records that his brother-in-law Emperor Manuel I
proposed "Ioannes…Cæsar…Rogerium Cæsarem" as a husband for the recently widowed Constance Pss of
Antioch in 1150, but Constance rejected him[470]. Governor of Strumitsa 1152. He became a monk after
the death of his wife. m MARIA Komnene, daughter of Emperor IOANNES II & his wife Piroska [Eirene]
of Hungary (Feb 1106-[1144/51]). The Alexeiad records the birth at Balabista of "the first of the sons of the
Basileus Iohannes the porphyrogenitus with a twin sister"[471]. Twin with her brother Alexios. Ioannes
Kinnamos records that "filiam natu maximum Ioannis imperatoris" married "Rogerius Cæsar", when
recording her serious illness[472]. Ioannes Rogerios & his wife had four children:
i) ANDRONIKOS (-1191). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been
identified. m EIRENE Doukaina, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and
marriage has not yet been identified.
ii) ALEXIOS Komnenos. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been
identified.
iii) ANNA Komnene. A seal dated to [1125] names "Anna Komnene, daughter of the kaisarissa and of
the…despotes kaisar"[473]. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified.
m ALEXIOS Petraloiphas, son of ---. .

34
iv) THEODORA . daughter of IOANNES Rogerios Dalassenos & his wife Maria Komnene. The
primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m IOANNES
Kontostephanos, son of ---.

1. NIKETAS Raoul (-after [1125]). A seal dated to [1125] names "Niketas Raoul, nobelissimos"[474].

2. KONSTANTINOS Raoul . 1191/95. Sébastos.

3. MANUEL Raoul (-after [1200]). A seal dated to [1200] names "Manuel Raoul"[475].

1. ALEXIOS Raoul (-[1258]). Protobestiarios 1242/1256. Georgios Akropolites names "…Raulus

Alexius protovestiarius…" among the important nobles at the court of Emperor Ioannes Batatzes[476].
Hegemon in Thessaloniki 1253, deposed 1256 by Emperor Theodoros II. m [firstly] ---. The name of
Alexios's presumed first wife is not known. The reasons for supposing there was a first marriage are
described below under his second marriage. m [secondly] --- Batatzaina, daughter of --- Batatzes & his wife
--- ([1230/40]-). Her origin and marriage are referred to by Pachymeres who records that the "avia paterna
[…coniux protovestiarii Raulis Alexii]" of "coniux Porphyrogeniti" was "Strategopulinæ neptis ex fratre…
ex ipsius altero germano"[477]. Georgios Akropolites names "protovestiario Alexio, Raulo neptis marito",
referring to Emperor Ioannes III[478]. As shown in the document NIKAIA, Pachymeres indicates that the
wife of Konstantinos Strategopulos ("Strategopulina") was the daughter of Isaakios Doukas Batatzes. The
text appears to indicate that the wife of Alexios Raoul was descended from a second brother of Emperor
Ioannes III, although use of the words "neptis ex fratre" confuse the issue. In any case, the latter phrase
suggests that the wife of Alexios Raoul belonged to a subsequent generation to the wife of Konstantinos
Strategopolous. It is therefore proposed that the former was the great-niece, rather than niece, of Emperor
Ioannes III. If this is correct, it is likely that the "Batatzaina" was Alexios's second wife, at least not the
mother of his son Ioannes Raoul who must have been adult in 1261. It should be emphasised that the
passages in Pachymeres are complex and it is uncertain that the interpretation set out here is the only
possible one. Alexios Raoul & his [first] wife had [four] children:
a) --- Raoulaina . Pachymeres records that "Georgium Muzalonem Atramyttinum…fratrem minorem
Andronicum" married "Cloista Raulis filia"[479]. Pachymeres records that "Andronicum alium
Palaeologum ex Occidente" married "vidua Andronici Muzalonis…magnum domesticum…
protostratorem"[480]. m firstly ANDRONIKOS Mouzalon, son of ---. m secondly ANDRONIKOS
Palaiologos, son of MIKHAEL Palaiologos & his wife --- (-1279).
b) IOANNES Komnenos Doukas Angelos Petraliphas Raoul (-[1273/74]). Georgios Akropolites
names "Ioannem Raulum, primum protovestiarii Raulis filium" as one of the supporters of Emperor Mikhael
VIII[481]. Pachymeres records that "Ioannem…Raulem, protovestiarii Raulis filium" was created
"protovestiarium" by Emperor Mikhael VIII (in [1261/62])[482]. He served the emperor in his campaigns
to reincorporate Epirus and Thessaly into the empire[483]. m ([1261/62]) as her second husband,
THEODORA Palaiologina Komnene Kantakouzene, widow of GEORGIOS Mouzalon, daughter of
IOANNES Komnenos Angelos Kantakouzenos & his wife Eirene Komnene Palaiologina ([1240]-6 Dec
1300). Pachymeres records that "Ioannem…Raulem, protovestiarii Raulis filium" married "vidua
protovestiarii Muzalonis…Theodora, neptis…imperatoris Palaeologi, eius sororis Eulogiæ ex Cantacuzeno
filia" (in [1261/62])[484]. She became a nun as KYRIAKE. Ioannes Raoul & his wife had [three possible
children]:
i) ALEXIOS Raoul (-1303). Megas Stratopedarchos. Megas domestikos. m firstly ---
Tarchaneiotissa, daughter of MIKHAEL Tarchaneiotes & his wife ---. Pachymeres names "Tarchaniotæ
gener Alexius Raul"[485]. m secondly --- [Angelina], daughter of [MIKHAEL Komnenos Angelos
"Kutrules" Despot & his [first] wife [Anna Komnene Palaiologina]. Alexios Raoul's wife is recorded as the
daughter of "Despot Mikhael Angelos". It appears more likely from a chronological point of view that she
was the daughter of Mikhael "Kutrules", although she would presumably have been very young at the time

35
of the marriage. It is improbable that she was the daughter of Mikhael [II] Lord of Epirus, whose children
would have been born in the range [1235/45]. Alexios & his [first/second] wife had [one possible child]:
(a) --- Raoul (-1345 or after). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been
identified. Megas stratopedarchos. 1294-1345. m HELENA, daughter of IOANNES Doukas Angelos &
his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. He
& his wife had one child:
(1) EIRENE . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.
ii) [ANNA Raoulaina . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet
been identified. 1302. She became a nun as ANTONIA. m --- Strategopoulos .
c) ISAAKIOS Raoul (-[1303] or after). Pachymeres records that "protostrator Palaeologus
Andronicus, pincerna Raul Manuel, frater huius Isaacius, et quartus protostratoris ex fratre nepos
Palaeologus Ioannes" opposed Emperor Mikhael VIII's policy of pursuing the reunion of the Orthodox and
Roman churches, were imprisoned (in [1278]), in a later passage recording that "fratres duos Raulis filios
Manuelem et Isaacium" were blinded[486].
d) MANUEL Raoul (-[1280] or after). Pinkernes. Pachymeres records that "protostrator Palaeologus
Andronicus, pincerna Raul Manuel, frater huius Isaacius, et quartus protostratoris ex fratre nepos
Palaeologus Ioannes" opposed Emperor Mikhael VIII's policy of pursuing the reunion of the Orthodox and
Roman churches, were imprisoned (in [1278]), in a later passage recording that "fratres duos Raulis filios
Manuelem et Isaacium" were blinded[487].
e) --- Raoul . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1258.
Alexios Raoul & his [second] wife had [one] child:
f) [son ([1245/55]-). The name of the father of Konstantinos's wife is not known, although as noted
below he must have been the son of Alexios Raoul and his wife --- Batatzaina. His birth date range is
estimated on the assumption that his mother was born in [1230/40], which is consistent with the
relationships described by Pachymeres. m ---.]
i) [EIRENE ([1270/80]-). Pachymeres records the marriage of "Porphyrogenito" to "[uxorem] ex
Raulis stirpe"[488]. In a later passage, Pachymeres clarifies her parentage when he records that the "avia
paterna" of "coniux Porphyrogeniti" was "Strategopulinæ neptis ex fratre"[489]. Her estimated birth date
range is consistent with the estimated date of her marriage, and also consistent with the birth date ranges
assigned to her father and paternal grandmother in order to be in line with the various relationships
described in the later passage in Pachymeres quoted above. m ([1291]) KONSTANTINOS Doukas
Palaiologos, son of Emperor MIKHAEL VIII & his wife Theodora Doukaina Komnene Palaiologina
Batatzaina (after 1260-5 Mar 1306). He became a monk as ATHANASIOS.]

1. ALEXIOS Raoul (-1345 or after). Megas archon. 1296-1345. m ---. The name of Alexios's wife is
not known. Alexios & his wife had one child:
a) IOANNES Raoul . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

2. ISAAKIOS Raoul (-1328 or after). Ioannes Kantakouzenos names "Raulem Isaacium" during the
conflict between Emperor Andronikos II and his grandson, recording that he was among those at Edessa
with their wives and children[490]. [m ---. The name of Isaakios's wife is not known.]

3. MANUEL Raoul (-1338).

4. ALEXIOS Raoul (-1366 or after). Megas domestikos. 1345-1366. m ---. The name of Alexios's
wife is not known. Alexios & his wife had
a) --- Raoulaina . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been
identified. m --- Angelos, son of STEPHANOS Kalothetos & his wife ---.

5. MANUEL Raoul (-1391 or after). 1354-1391.

36
6. --- Raoul. m --- Asanina, daughter of [ANDRONIKOS] Palaiologos Asanes & his wife ---. The
primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. 1383.

Three brothers, parents not known.

1. KONSTANTINOS Palaiologos Rallis. 1406/1409.
2. DEMETRIOS Rallis. He took refuge in Rome in 1487[491]. m TOMASA Boccali, daughter of ---.
The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Demetrios
Rallis & his wife had one child:
a) MANUEL Rallis. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.
3. IOANNIS Rallis. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. m
--- Dragaš, daughter of KONSTANTIN Dragaš [Serbia], authentes of Serbia, Gospodin of Vardar and
Serrhes & his first wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet
been identified. Ioannis Rallis & his wife had three children:
a) THOMAS Rallis. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. He
was one of the leaders, with his brother, of the revolt in Peloponnesus against the Turks in 1458/60, and the
defence of the fortress of Modon[492].
b) GEORGIOS Rallis. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.
In Corfu 1460. Georgios Phrantzes names "Georgios Raul avunculus" of "Nicolai Melisseni qui gener meus
futurus erat"[493]. m PHILIPPA Kantakouzene, daughter of GEORGIOS Palaiologos Kantakouzenos & his
wife --- Palaiologina. The Masarelli Vatican names (in order) Euphrosyne, Maria, Philippa, Eirene,
Cherana, Theodora, Philippa and Zoia as the eight surviving daughters of Georgios & his wife, stating that
the first named Philippa married Georgios Ralli[494]. Georgios Phrantzes names "Georgios Raulus…gener
eius", referring to "Giorgios Palaiologos"[495]. Georgios Rallis & his wife had two children:
i) MARIA Rallina. The Masarelli Vatican names (in order) Maria and Angelina as the two daughters
of Georgios Rallis & his wife, stating that Maria married Ioannes[496]. m IOANNES Rallis.
ii) --- Angelina . The Masarelli Vatican names (in order) Maria and Angelina as the two daughters of
Georgios Rallis & his wife, stating that Angelina married Nikolaos Ralli[497]. m NIKOLAOS Rallis .
c) MARIA Rallina . Her parentage is indicated by Georgios Phrantzes who names "Georgios Raul
avunculus" of "Nicolai Melisseni qui gener meus futurus erat"[498]. m NIKEPHOROS Melissenos.

Chapter 30. STRATEGOPOULOS

1. IOANNES Strategopoulos (-after [1216]). A seal dated 24 May 1216 or 1217 names "Ioannes
Strategopoulos…sebastos"[499].

2. ALEXIOS Strategopoulos (-after 1259). Georgios Akropolites names "duces militum Alexium
Strategopulum, Michaelem Palaeologum magni domestici filium, Ioannem Macrenum, Gudelum
Tyrannum" among those who negotiated with "Michaelem despotam", dated to the early 1250s from the
context[500]. A seal dated to [1255] names "Alexios Strategopoulos from the Komnenos family"[501]. His
family relationship with the Komnenoi has not yet been identified. Georgios Akropolites records that
"Strategopulum Alexium et Constantinum Tornicem" were "magni primicerii" under Emperor Ioannes
III[502]. Georgios Akropolites records that Emperor Mikhael VIII invested "Strategopulum Alexium" as
"magnum domesticum"[503]. m ---. The name of Alexios's wife is not known. Alexios & his wife had one
child:
a) KONSTANTINOS Strategopoulos . Georgios Akropolites names "Strategopulos Alexius…filium
Constantinum", recording that he was blinded[504]. Pachymeres records that "Constantino Strategopulo"
was blinded by "Ioannis Ducæ olim imperatoris fratre…filio"[505]. m --- Batatzaina, daughter of
ISAAKIOS Doukas Batatzes sébastokrator & his wife ---. Pachymeres records that "Strategopulina", wife
37
of "Constantino Strategopulo", was "ex Ioannis Ducæ olim imperatoris fratre nata", a later passage
clarifying that her father was "fratre imperatoris dignitate sebastocratore" which appears to indicate Isaakios
Batatzes[506].

3. MIKHAEL Strategopoulos . Pachymeres names "Michael Strategopulus", specifying that he was

later granted the dignity protostrator[507].

Chapter 31. SYNADENOS

A major study of the family was undertaken by Christian Hannick and Gudrun Schmalzbauer in the
Jahrbuch der Oesterreichischen Byzantinistik[508].

1. PHILETOS Synadenos . 1000-1006.

2. NIKEPHOROS Synadenos . A seal dated to [1038] names "Nikephoros Synadenos, patrikios

anthypatos and strategos of Cappadocia"[509].

3. BASILEIOS Synadenos . Strategos of Durazzo. Cedrenus records that "Basilius Synadenus

Dyrrachii præfectus" was accused of plotting with "Petrus quidam Bulgarus, cognomento Deleanus" and
imprisoned, dated to [1040] from the context[510]. A seal dated [1050] names "Basileios protospatharios
and strategos of Dyrrachion tou Synadenou"[511]. m ---. The name of Basileios's wife is not known.
Basileios & his wife had two children:
a) --- Synadene . Eustathios records the betrothal of the grandson of Maria Kastorissa, by his
grandmother, and the daughter of Basileios Synadenos, and that he annulled it on the application of the
groom who said he had not signed the agreement and was only 20 years old, dated to [1033][512].
Betrothed ([1033]) to ---, grandson of Maria Kastorissa, son of --- ([1012/13]-).

4. THEODOULOS Synadenos. A seal dated to [1065] names "Theodoulos Synadenos,

vestarches"[513]. m --- Botaneiatissa, sister of Emperor NIKEPHOROS III, daughter of --- Botaneiates &
his wife ---. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by Skylitzes who records that Nikephoros
Botaneiates married "sororis suæ filiam Synadenen, Theodulo Synadeno genitam" to "crali Ungariæ"[514].
Theodulos Synadenos & his wife had [two] children:
a) --- Synadene. Skylitzes records that Emperor Nikephoros Botaneiates married "sororis suæ filiam
Synadenen, Theodulo Synadeno genitam" ("τήν αεψιάν αυτου ο βασιλευς") the daughter of Theodoulos
Synadenos ("την Συναδηνην, θυγατέρα ουσαν Θεοδουλου του Συναδηνου") to "crali Ungariæ" ("τω κράλη
Ουγγρίας είς γυναικα") and that she returned to Byzantium after her husband died[515]. The passage does
not name the Hungarian king in question. Kerbl says that Horvát suggested that her husband was Lambert,
son of Béla I King of Hungary[516], although it is unclear how Lambert could have been described as
"krali" of Hungary as no other record has been identified that he ever reigned as king. Kerbl also cites
Wertner as the first source which proposed that her husband was Géza of Hungary[517]. The narrative of
Skylitzes Continuatus ends during the reign of Emperor Nikephoros (who reigned from 1078 until his
forced abdication in 1081). This suggests that the husband of --- Synadene must have died before that date,
which supports his identification as King Géza. However, it is not impossible that the text was written some
years later, and that her return to Constantinople was mentioned because it was of recent date at the time of
writing. Nevertheless, it is unlikely that her husband was King László I (who appears to be the only other
realistic candidate) as his marriage to Adelheid von Rheinfelden appears to be certain as discussed above.
The remaining potential difficulty is with the date of the marriage. Wertner suggested that the marriage
took place in [Oct 1073/Oct 1074][518]. Nikephoros Botaneiates (later Emperor Nikephoros III) was
38
Byzantine military commander along the Danube, adjacent to Hungarian territory, from 1064 to before 1067
when he was reassigned as governor of Antioch[519]. Kerbl therefore assesses this as the more likely
period during which the marriage took place[520]. However, the fact that --- Synadene returned to
Constantinople after her husband's death suggests that she had no surviving children. If she had children, it
is reasonable to expect that she would have remained with them to protect their interests, especially as the
chronology suggests that King Géza's son Kálmán could not in any case have been her son and would
therefore have had a superior claim to the throne than any half-brothers. If this is correct, all of King Géza's
children must have been born from his first marriage, which would date his second marriage to --- Synadene
to the early 1070s at the earliest. m ([1066/75]) as his second wife, GÉZA of Hungary, son of BÉLA I King
of Hungary & his wife Ryksa of Poland ([1044/45]-25 Apr 1077). He succeeded his cousin in 1074 as
GÉZA I King of Hungary.
b) [NIKEPHOROS Synadenos (-killed in battle Durazzo 18 Oct 1081). The Alexeiad names "a certain
Synadenos of Levantine origin…a family relative of Nikephoros" when recording that Emperor Nikephoros
Botaneiates planned to name him as his successor, but does not specify the precise relationship[521]. If, as
indicated above, the wife of Theodoulos Synadenos was the sister of Emperor Nikephoros, it is likely that
he was the father of Nikephoros Synadenos, although this is not without all doubt. The Alexeiad records the
death of "Nikephoros surnamed Synadenos" fighting Robert "Guiscard" Duke of Apulia in Durazzo in
1081[522]. Betrothed to ZOE porphyrogeneta Doukaina, daughter of Emperor KONSTANTINOS X & his
second wife Evdokia Makrembolitissa (1062-before 1136).]

Two possible brothers:

2. [ALEXANDROS Synadenos (-after [1074]). Skylitzes names "Alexander et Cabasilas Synadeni"
among "principes in Oriente", dated to [1074][523].]
3. [KABASILAS Synadenos (-after [1074]). Skylitzes names "Alexander et Cabasilas Synadeni"
among "principes in Oriente", dated to [1074][524].]

4. IOANNES Synadenos (-after 1094). The synod of 1094 names Ioannes Synadenos,
kouropalates[525].

5. MIKHAEL Synadenos (-after [1100]). A seal dated to [1100] names "Michael Synadenos"[526].

1. EIRENE Diplosynadene, daughter of --- Synadenos & his wife --- Synadene . The primary source
which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m (1146] as his second wife,
ISAAKIOS Komnenos, son of Emperor IOANNES II & his wife Piroska [Eirene] of Hungary ([1115]-
[1154/74]).

2. ANDRONIKOS Synadenos (-1180). Dux of Cyprus 1165-1167. Military governor/strategos of

Durazzo and Naissos 1172. Strategos of Trebizond. He became a monk on Mount Athos[527]. m ZOE
Angelina, daughter of KONSTANTINOS Angelos & his wife Theodora Komnene. The primary source
which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.

3. EIRENE Synadene. She is named as wife of Alexios in a tomb inscription at the Church of St Mary
Pammakaristos, now Fethiye Camii,[528]. m (after 1151) ALEXIOS Komnenos sébastos, son of
IOANNES Komnenos dux of Dyrrachium & his wife Anna Doukaina.

4. THEODOROS Synadenos. m (after 1184) MARIA Komnene, daughter of Emperor

ANDRONIKOS I & his first wife [--- Palaiologina] (before 1160-). The primary source which confirms her
parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.

1. --- Synadenos . Georgios Akropolites names "Synadenus Tarchaniota sororis illius maritus" among
those who helped "Nestongus Andronicus imperatoris consobrinus" in his rebellion against "imperator
39
Ioannes", soon after his accession from the context of the passage[529]. m --- Tarchanaiotissa, daughter of
--- Tarchaneiotes & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet
been identified.

2. IOANNES Komnenos Doukas Angelos Synadenos (-6 Feb before [1310/28]). Pachymeres names
"magnus stratopedarcha Synadenus Ioannes" as one of the leaders of the army, dated from the context to the
middle part of the reign of Emperor Mikhael III[530]. Megas Stratopedarchos 1276/83. He was one of the
generals sent to relieve the siege of Berat in 1280[531]. He became a monk as IOAKEIM. m THEODORA
Palaiologina, daughter of KONSTANTINOS Angelos Komnenos Doukas Palaiologos, sébastokrator & his
wife Eirene Komnene Laskarina Kantakouzene Branaina (after 1268-). Ioannes Kantakouzenos records that
the mother of "Theodoros Synadenus protostrator" was the daughter of "fratre Michaelis primi imperatoris
Palaeologi"[532]. She founded the convent of the bebaias elpidos. In the foundation document, Theodora
states that she was a widow with one daughter and two young sons. She became a nun as THEODULE.
Ioannes Synadenos & his wife had three children:
a) THEODOROS Komnenos Doukas Synadenos Palaiologos (-after 1342). The primary source which
confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Protostrator. He held a command in Thrace until 1320
when Emperor Andronikos II posted him to the Serbian frontier. He was one of the followers of the young
co-Emperor Andronikos and supported the latter's rebellion against his grandfather Emperor Andronikos II
in [1321][533]. After the accession of Emperor Andronikos III in 1328, he was appointed prefect of
Constantinople[534]. In 1338 he was arrested in Arta by rebel supporters of Nikephoros Orsini of Epirus
and, after the rebellion was crushed by Emperor Andronikos III, appointed governor of Thessaloniki in
1340[535]. Ioannes Kantakouzenos names "protostrator Synadenus Thessalonicæ præfectus", in a passage
dated to [1341][536]. He at first supported Ioannes Kantakouzenos during the civil war which followed the
death of Emperor Andronikos, but was driven out of Thessaloniki by the Zealot rebellion against the
aristocracy in 1342[537]. m EUDOKIA Muzakiaina, daughter of THEODOROS Doukas Muzakios & his
wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.
Theodoros & his wife had two children:
i) THEODORA Synadene . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not
yet been identified. She became a nun as THEODOSIA. m [GEORGIOS Synadenos Astras].
ii) ANNA Komnene Doukaina Palaiologine Synadene (-after 1342). Ioannes Kantakouzenos records
that "Manuele Asane, fratre uxoris magni domestici" married "protostrator…Annam filiam", dated to [1321]
from the context[538]. She was arrested in Constantinople 1342. m ([1321]) MANUEL Komnenos Raoul
Asanes, son of ANDRONIKOS Palaiologos Komnenos Asanes [Bulgaria] & his wife --- Tarchaneiotissa.
b) EUPHROSYNE . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.
Nun.
c) IOANNES Synadenos Komnenos Doukas Palaiologos. Ioannes Kantakouzenos names "Ioannem
Palaeologum magnum contostaulum, protostratoris fratrem"[539]. His name suggests that he must have
born posthumously, sons never normally being named after their fathers in Byzantine nobility. Megas
kontostavlos 1321/22. m firstly THOMAIS Komnene Doukaina Laskarina Kantakouzene, daughter of
[MIKHAEL] Kantakouzene & his wife --- (-11 Feb ----). The primary source which confirms her parentage
and marriage has not yet been identified. She became a nun as XENE. m secondly EIRENE Laskarina
Komnene Doukaina Palaiologina, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and
marriage has not yet been identified. Ioannes & his first wife had [three possible children]:
i) [ANNA Synadene Kantakouzene . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage
has not yet been identified. m MIKHAEL Komnenos Laskaris Bryennios Philanthropenos .]
ii) [EIRENE Komnene Kantakouzene Palaiologina Synadene. The primary source which confirms her
parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. 1342. m (before 1330) MIKHAEL Komnenos Tornikes
Palaiologos Asanes [Bulgaria], son of KONSTANTINOS Palaiologos Asanes & his wife --- Tornikine (-
[1355]). Governor of Lesbos 1342/55.]
iii) [EUPHROSYNE Doukaina Palaiologina . The primary source which confirms her parentage and
marriage has not yet been identified. m KONSTANTINOS Komnenos Raoul Palaiologos .
2. [KONSTANTINOS Doukas Synadenos .] m ---. The name of Konstantinos's wife is not known.
Konstantinos & his wife had one child:
40
a) MARTHA Synadene . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet
been identified. m --- Thrakesinos .

Chapter 32. SYRGIANNES

1. --- Syrgiannes (-before 1321). Ioannes Kantakouzenos names "barbaro Sytzigan…Syrgiannes

nuncupatus", stating that he was baptised and that "pater…apud Comanos" had been made "nobilissimus"
by Emperor Ioannes Batatzes and that "maternum genus e sanguine imperatoris"[540]. Nicol suggests that
the Syrgiannes family may have been of Mongol descent[541]. The connection, through his mother, with
any of the imperial families has not yet been identified. However, if it is assumed that he was born before
his wife, it is likely that his mother would not have been born later than 1240 at the latest, at any rate during
the time when the Mongols were still marauding in Europe and before any recorded matrimonial alliance
between the Mongol rulers and Christian families. Megas domestikos. Megas stratopedarchos. m
EVGENIA Palaiologina Kantakouzene, daughter of IOANNES Komnenos Angelos Kantakouzenos & his
wife Eirene Komnene Palaiologina ([1255]-after 1329). Ioannes Kantakouzenos names "Eugenia
Palaeologina monacha, e sorore Michaelis primi Palaeologi imperatoris progenita"[542]. Ioannes
Kantakouzenos names "mater eius…consobrina mea", "eius" apparently refers to "Syrgiannes", while "mea"
appears to refer to "magnus domesticus" who is the speaker in this section of the text and is identified with
the author, the future Emperor Ioannes VI Kantakouzenos[543]. She became a nun. --- Syrgiannes & his
wife had two children:
a) --- Syrgiannes Palaiologos Philanthropenos ([1290]-murdered 23 Aug 1334). Ioannes
Kantakouzenos refers to "Syrgiannem iunior"[544]. He was one of the followers of the young co-Emperor
Andronikos and supported the latter's rebellion against his grandfather Emperor Andronikos II in [1321], but
in [1324] was accused of plotting to murder the old emperor and imprisoned[545]. After the accession of
Emperor Andronikos III in 1328, he was released and appointed governor of Thessaloniki where he
intrigued with the Emperor's mother, Empress Maria [Rita], who adopted him. Ioannes Kantakouzenos
records that "Syrgiannes" was imprisoned by Emperor Andronikos II but released by "iunior
[Andronico]"[546]. In 1333, he was captured and taken to Constantinople, but escaped and fled to Serbia
from where he attacked Kastoria with Serbian troops. He was murdered by Sphrantzes Palaiologos whom
the Emperor had sent to quell the rebellion[547]. m MARIA Doukaina Palaiologina, daughter of ---.
b) THEODORA Syrgiannaina (-[30 Jun 1347/1349]). Nicephoras Gregoras records the second
marriage of "defuncti imperatoris consobrinus Guido Armenius" and "Syrgiannis filiam", after the death of
his first wife, and that the couple had children[548]. The primary source which confirms her name has not
yet been identified. She was adopted by Empress Maria [Rita][549]. m ([1330/32]) as his second wife,
GUY de Lusignan, son of AMAURY of Cyprus Lord of Tyre & his wife Zabel of Armenia (-murdered 17
Apr 1344, bur Adana, transferred to Tarsus[550]). He succeeded in 1342 as CONSTANTINE II King of
Armenia.

2. --- . Megas stratopedarchos. Ioannes Kantakouzenos names "uno enim magistro avunculo nostro
Angelo magno stratopedarcha", "nostro" apparently referring both to "magnus domesticus" who is the
speaker in this section of the text and is identified with the author, the future Emperor Ioannes VI
Kantakouzenos [551]. This person has not yet been identified, and the precise relationships are not known.

Chapter 33. TARCHANEIOTES

41
This family probably came from Tarchanaion in Thrace and is known from the 11th century[552]. Giovanni
Stefanelli reports that it was a tradition in the Tarcagnota family, residents of Mondragone (Caserta) in
southern Italy from the 18th century until the end of the 19th century, that they were descended from the
Tarchaneiotes family of Byzantium[553]. The suggestion was that the family descended from Paulos
Tarchaneiotes who reportedly fled to Italy after the fall of Constantinople in 1453 and whose son Giovanni,
born in Gaeta, was the author of Delle Storie del Mondo fino all'anno 1513, first published in Venice in
1562 or 1598. Giovanni Stefanelli also reports that the first known member of the family was Georgios
Tarchaneiotes, catepan in Italy in 999. This information has not been confirmed by primary sources.

1. IOSEPH Tarchaneiotes (-Antioch 1074). A seal dated to [1038] names "Joseph Tarchaneiotes,
anthypatos and strategos"[554]. Skylitzes names "Josepho magistro Tarchaniotæ" during his account of the
Asia Minor campaign of Emperor Romanos Diogenes, dated to [1071/72][555]. Nikephoros Bryennios
records that the death of Ioseph Tarchaneiotes doux of Antioch was followed by troubles in the city, and
Katakalon his son was unable to check the situation[556]. m ---. The name of Ioseph's wife is not known.
Ioseph & his wife had one child:
a) KATAKALON Tarchaneiotes . Nikephoros Bryennios records that the death of Ioseph
Tarchaneiotes doux of Antioch was followed by troubles in the city, and Katakalon his son was unable to
check the situation[557]. Three seals dated to [1085] name "Katalon Trachaneiotes"[558]. A seal dated to
[1085] names "Katalon Trachaneiotes, kouropalates"[559]. The Alexeiad records that "Tarchaniotis
Catacalon" commanded "Macedonians and Thracians" in a military expedition, dated to [1078][560].

2. MIKHAEL Tarchaneiotes (-after [1083]). Two seals dated to [1075] name "Michael Tarchaneiotes,
patrikios and protanthypatos"[561]. A seal dated to [1083] names "Michael Tarchaneiotes, patrikios"[562].

3. BASILEIOS Tarchaneiotes . A seal dated to [1040] names "Basileios Tarchaneiotes, anthypatos

patrikios and strategos"[563]. A seal dated to [1045] names "Basileios Tarchaneiotes, vestarches and
katepano"[564]. A seal dated to [1050] names "Basileios Tarchaneiotes, magistros and doux"[565]. A seal
dated to [1050] names "Basileios Tarchaneiotes, magistros"[566]. Skylitzes names Basileios Tarchaneiotes,
strategos of the west, in connection with a campaign dated to 1057[567].

4. GREGORIOS Tarchaneiotes (-after [1120]). A seal dated to [1083] names "Gregorios

Tarchaneiotes, protoproedros"[568]. A seal dated to [1120] names "Gregorios Tarchaneiotes"[569]. A seal
dated to [1120] names "Gregorios Tarchaneiotes, nobelissimos"[570].

5. ALEXIOS Tarchaneiotes. m EVDOKIA Komnene, daughter of IOANNES Komnenos, dux of

Dyrrachium & his wife Anna Doukaina. She is named as wife of Alexios in a tomb inscription at the
Church of St Mary Pammakaristos, now Fethiye Camii,[571]. Alexios Tarchaneiotes & his wife had two
children:
a) IOANNES Komnenos Tarchaneiotes. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet
been identified.
b) ANNA Komnene. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been
identified. m NIKEPHOROS Artabasdos.

6. MIKHAEL Tarchanaiotes (-after [1133]). A seal dated to [1133] names "Michael Tarchaneiotes,
(proto)nobelissimos"[572].

7. KONSTANTINOS Tarchaneiotes (-after [1150]). A seal dated to [1200] names "Konstantinos

Trachaneiotes"[573].

8. IOANNES Tarchaneiotes (-after [1165]). A seal dated to [1165] names "Ioannes Tarchaneiotes,
sebastos"[574].

42
9. MAKARIOS Tarchaneiotes (-after [1185]). A seal dated to [1185] names "Makarios Tarchaneiotes,
[layman/lawyer]"[575].

10. KONSTANTINOS Tarchaneiotes . A seal dated to [1200] names "Konstantinos Trachaneiotes,

stratelates"[576].

11. IOANNES Tarchaneiotes (-after [1208]). A seal dated to [1208] names "Ioannes
Tarchaneiotes"[577].

1. HELENA Tarchaneiotissa . Nikephoros Bryennios records that "suam sororem Helenam" (referring
to "Tarchaneiotes") was betrothed to "fratris Nicephori filio" at the instigation of "matrem Bryenniorum
curopalatissam Annam"[578]. m --- Bryennios, son of --- Bryennios & his wife ---.

2. IOANNES Tarchaneiotes . A seal dated to [1250] names "Ioannes Tarchaneiotes"[579]. Three seals
dated to [1267] name "Ioannes Tarchaneiotes"[580]. Two seals dated to [1275] name "Ioannes…lord
Tarchaneiotes"[581].

Two possible siblings, parents not known:

2. MIKHAEL Tarchaneiotes . m --- Philanthropene, daughter of ---. The primary source which
confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Mikhael & his wife had one child:
a) NIKEPHOROS Tarchaneiotes . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been
identified. Georgios Akropolites names "…Nicephorus Tarchaniota…" among the important nobles at the
court of Emperor Ioannes Batatzes[582]. Megas domestikos 1260.
- see below.
3. [--- Tarchaneiotissa . Georgios Akropolites names "Synadenus Tarchaniota sororis illius maritus"
among those who helped "Nestongus Andronicus imperatoris consobrinus" in his rebellion against
"imperator Ioannes", soon after his accession from the context of the passage[583]. Her parentage is not
known. However, from a chronological point of view, it would be consistent for her to have belonged to the
generation before Nikephoros Tarchaneiotes. m --- Synadenos, son of --- Synadenos & his wife ---.

NIKEPHOROS Tarchaneiotes, son of MIKHAEL Tarchaneiotes & his wife --- . The primary source which
confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Georgios Akropolites names "…Nicephorus
Tarchaniota…" among the important nobles at the court of Emperor Ioannes Batatzes[584]. Megas
domestikos 1260.
m firstly ---, daughter of ANDRONIKOS Doukas Aprenos & his wife ---. The primary source which
confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.
m secondly ([1237]) MARIA Palaiologina, daughter of ANDRONIKOS Doukas Komnenos Palaiologos,
megas domestikos & his wife Theodora Palaiologina ([1216]-). Georgios Akropolites records the marriage
of "Tzuruli custodia…Nicephore Tarchaniotæ…postmodum magnus domesticus" and "magni domestici
Palaeologi…primum illius filiam Maria"[585]. Ephræmius records that "dux…Nicephorus…
Tarchanaiotarum genitus familia…domestici magni" married "Andronici genete Palaeologi…maiorem
filiam Mariam"[586]. Her parentage and marriage are indicated by the Codinus Curopalates which records
that Emperor Mikhael VIII awarded the title protovestiarius to "Michaelem Tarchaniotam sororis suæ
filium"[587]. She became a nun before 1266 as MARTHA. Pachymeres names "Marthæ, sororis Michælis"
as mother of "Ioannes Tarchaniota consobrinus imperatoris…trium filiorum natu minimus"[588].
Nikephoros Tarchaneiotes & his first wife had one child:
1. --- Tarchaneiotissa . Pachymeres names "Theodosia et Nostongissa" as the two sisters of "Ioannes
Tarchaniota consobrinus imperatoris"[589]. In another passage, the same source clarifies that
"Nestongonissa" was "Theodosia…sorore…ex alio parente"[590]. As Pachymeres states elsewhere that
Theodora/Theodosia was the daughter of Maria Palaiologina, "Nestongonissa" must have been the daughter
of Nikephoros Tarchaneiotes by his first marriage (unless she was illegitimate). This is further clarified in
43
yet another passage in the same source which states explicity that "Nostongonissa" was "ex priori coniuge a
Tarchaniota genita"[591]. m --- Nestongos .
Nikephoros Tarchaneiotes & his second wife had four children:
2. THEODORA Tarchaneiotissa. Pachymeres records that "Theodoram Marthæ filiam sororis
Palaeologi, e magno domestico Tarchaniota genitam" married "Balanidiotæ", having previously married
"viro nobili Basilio Caballarii filio"[592]. Pachymeres names "Theodosia et Nostongissa" as the two sisters
of "Ioannes Tarchaniota consobrinus imperatoris"[593]. She became a nun as THEODOSIA. m firstly
BASILEIOS Kaballarios. m secondly (before 1266) --- Baladionites megas stratopedarchos.
3. MIKHAEL Tarchaneiotes (-1284). Pachymeres names "adolescentulos…Michael Andronicus et
Ioannes" as the brothers of "Theodoram ex alteram sorore sua Martha genitam", wife of "Basilius
Caballarius…"[594]. [Pachymeres names "Cantacuzenos Michael" among those who fought in
Monemvasia in the early years of the reign of Emperor Mikhael VIII, stating that he was later made
"magnus conostaulus", the same passage naming "illiusque patrueles Tarchaniotas" as another who fought
in the same campaign[595]. It is not known to which of the Tarchaneiotes brothers this refers. His precise
relationship with Mikhael Kantakouzenos is also unknown.] The Codinus Curopalates records that Emperor
Mikhael VIII awarded the title protovestiarius to "Michaelem Tarchaniotam sororis suæ filium"[596].
Megas domestikos. He was one of the generals sent to relieve the siege of Berat in 1280[597]. In 1283, he
led another expedition into Thessaly in the course of which he died of malaria[598]. m --- Philanthropene,
daughter of ALEXIOS Philanthropenos & his wife ---. Pachymeres records that "Alexius Philanthropenus
protostrator…filia" married "Michaelem Martha imperatoris sorore natum", in a passage dated to [1263]
[599]. Her origin and marriage are confirmed by Pachymeres who names "protovestiarii Tarchaniotæ
secundus natu filius, Alexius Philanthropenus dictus ex avo materno"[600]. Mikhael Tarchaneiotes & his
wife had three children:
a) --- Tarchaneiotes . Pachymeres refers to "protosebasti (frater…Philanthropeni)"[601].
Protosébastos.
b) --- Tarchaneiotissa . Pachymeres names "Tarchaniotæ gener Alexius Raul"[602]. m (1284) as his
first wife, ALEXIOS Raoul, son of [IOANNES Komnenos Doukas Angelos Petraliphas Raul & his wife
Theodora Palaiologina Komnene Kantakouzene] (-1303). Megas domestikos.
c) ALEXIOS Philanthropenos Tarchaneiotes ([1270]-[1336]). Pachymeres names "protovestiarii
Tarchaniotæ secundus natu filius, Alexius Philanthropenus dictus ex avo materno" when recording that
Emperor Andronikos II appointed him commander in Nymphaion and Lydia during his Turkish campaign
[in the early 1290s][603]. He advanced into the emirate of Menteshe and recaptured Melanoudion. He
rebelled in 1295 and was proclaimed emperor by his troops. He was arrested by Cretan troops and blinded
about Christmas 1295[604]. He was pardoned in 1324 by Emperor Andronikos II and sent to relieve the
Turkish blockade of Philadelphia[605]. m --- Akropolitissa, daughter of KONSTANTINOS Akropolites &
his wife ---. Her family origin is confirmed by Pachymeres who names "Acropolita Melchisedech" as
"patruus" of the wife of "Philanthropeno"[606]. Alexios & his wife had one child:
i) MIKHAEL Philanthropenos Tarchaneiotes (1296-). Pachymeres refers to "Philanthropenus" and
"uxorem cum filio"[607].
4. ANDRONIKOS Tarchaneiotes (-1283). Pachymeres names "adolescentulos…Michael Andronicus
et Ioannes" as the brothers of "Theodoram ex alteram sorore sua Martha genitam", wife of "Basilius
Caballarius…"[608]. Megas kontostavlos. He allied himself with his father-in-law to challenge Emperor
Mikhael VIII. He died of the plague. m --- [Angelina], daughter of IOANNES Doukas Komnenos
[Angelos] Lord of Thessaly & his wife ---. Pachymeres records that "Nicephoro…fratri…eius notho
Ioanni…filia" married "Tarchanaiotæ Andronico August nepote e sorore Martha"[609]. Her marriage was
arranged by her future husband's uncle, Emperor Mikhael VIII, as part of his policy of establishing close
relations with her father[610], although this backfired after the marriage when her husband supported her
father against the emperor.
5. IOANNES Tarchaneiotes. Pachymeres names "adolescentulos…Michael Andronicus et Ioannes" as
the brothers of "Theodoram ex alteram sorore sua Martha genitam", wife of "Basilius Caballarius…"[611].
Pachymeres names "Marthæ, sororis Michælis" as mother of "Ioannes Tarchaniota consobrinus
imperatoris…trium filiorum natu minimus"[612]. m ---. The name of Ioannes's wife is not known. Ioannes
& his wife had [one possible child]:
44
a) MANUEL Tarchaneiotes (-killed in battle Pelekamon 10 Jun 1329). Ioannes Kantakouzenos records
that "Manuel Tarchaniota et Nicephorus Cantacuzenus, ambo cognate magni domestici", referring to the
future Emperor Ioannes VI, were killed, in a passage dated to [1329][613]. The precise relationship
between Manuel Tarchaneiotes and the emperor is not known.

1. MIKHAEL Doukas Glabas Tarchaneiotes (-before 1315). Kuropalates megas papias pinkernes
[1273]. Megas konostaulos. Protostrator [1292]. Strategos of the theme of Thrace 1292. Pachymeres
records that "Michaele…Glabam, e familia Tarchaniotarum, protostratorum" led the imperial army against
the Bulgarians, dated to [1306/08] from the context[614]. He became a monk. His exploits were celebrated
in verse by Manuel Philes, court poet at Constantinople[615]. m MARIA Doukaina Komnene Palaiologina
Branaina, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been
identified. Mikhael Tarchaneiotes & his wife had two children:
a) [ANNA] Tarchaneiotissa. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not
yet been identified. m ANDRONIKOS Komnenos Branas Doukas Angelos Palaiologos sébastos, son of
KONSTANTINOS Angelos Komnenos Doukas Palaiologos sébastokrator & his wife Eirene Komnene
Laskarina Kantakouzene Branaina (-[28 Jan 1310/46]).
a) --- Tarchaneiotissa. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet
been identified. m ANDRONIKOS Palaiologos Komnenos Asanes, son of IVAN ASEN III Mytzes Tsar of
the Bulgarians & his wife Eirene Palaiologina (-after 1355).

2. MANUEL Tarchaneiotes (-after 1342). Nicephoras Gregoras names "[dux]…Manuel…

Tarchaneiotes, qui cognatione iunctus erat imperatori" (referring to Emperor Ioannes VI Kantakouzenos)
[616]. Ioannes Kantakouzenos names "Manuelem Tarchanaiotam qui et Curtizes appellebatur", in a passage
dated to [1341][617].

3. KONSTANTINOS Tarchaneiotes . Ioannes Kantakouzenos names "protostratorem…

Tarchanaiotam, imperatoriis triremibus præfectum" as one of the "Didymotichi præfecti", in a passage dated
to [1351][618]. Ioannes Kantakouzenos names "Constantinus Tarchaniota imperatoriarum triremium dux",
in a passage dated to [1352][619]. Ioannes Kantakouzenos names "Tarchanaiota protostrator" as one of the
"Didymotichi præfecti", in a passage dated to [1352][620].

Chapter 34. TARONITES

Descendants of the Bagratuni house of Armenia, the principality of Taron was annexed by Byzantium after
the death of Ashot Bagratuni in [967/68][621]. Rüdt-Collenberg also discusses this reported descent from
the first dynasty of kings of Armenia[622].

ASHOT Bagratuni, illegitimate son of GREGORIOS Prince of Taron & his mistress --- (-[967/68]). The De
Administrando Imperio of Konstantinos Porphyrogenetos records that "Asotium nothum Taronitæ filium"
was taken to Constantinople and granted the title protospatharios[623]. He succeeded as Prince of Taron.
On his death, his sons were unable to withstand Byzantine pressure, the principality of Taron was annexed
by Byzantium, and Ashot´s family settled in Constantinople[624].
m ---. The name of Ashot´s wife is not known.
Ashot & his wife had two children:

45
1. GREGORIOS Taronites [I] (-killed in battle [995]). Cedrenus records that "Gregorius et Pancratius
fratres germani…Taron" joined Emperor Nikephoros Phokas who invested them with "patricia dignitate",
dated to [968/69] from the context[625]. Patrikios. A 14th century manuscript, preserved at the convent of
St Stefanos in Thessaly, names Bagration and Gregorios as the two sons of "Taronites"[626]. Magistros.
Dux of Thessaloniki. Cedrenus records that "præfectus Gregorius" was killed during the Bulgarian war,
dated to [995] from the context[627]. m ---. The name of Gregorios´s wife is not known. Gregorios & his
wife had two children:
a) ASHOT Taronites . Cedrenus records that "præfectus Gregorius" sent "Asoten filium suum" to the
war in Thessaloniki against Samuil Tsar of the Bulgarians, dated to [995] from the context[628]. Cedrenus
records that "Asotæ Taronitæ filio" was named governor of Durazzo by his father-in-law when he
married[629]. He betrayed the city to Byzantium in 1005, he and his wife leaving for Constantinople[630]
where he became magistros. m ([998]) MIROSLAVA, daughter of SAMUIL Tsar of the Bulgarians & his
wife Agatha Chryselie (-after [1016]). Cedrenus records the marriage between "Samuelus…filiam suam"
and "Asotæ Taronitæ filio", after falling in love while the latter was held captive by her father[631]. She is
named "Miroslava" by Mikhael Bishop of Devol[632]. Superior of the convent of Elena [1016].
b) EIRENE Taronitissa . A 14th century manuscript, preserved at the convent of St Stefanos in
Thessaly, names Eirene as daughter of Gregorios and wife of Romanos Taronites patrikios, adding that they
were parents of Theophylaktos[633]. m ROMANOS Taronites, son of [BAGRAT Bagratuni & his wife ---].
2. BAGRAT Taronites (-after 975). Cedrenus records that "Gregorius et Pancratius fratres germani…
Taron" joined Emperor Nikephoros Phokas who invested them with "patricia dignitate", dated to [968/69]
from the context[634]. Patrikios. A 14th century manuscript, preserved at the convent of St Stefanos in
Thessaly, names Bagration and Gregorios as the two sons of "Taronites"[635]. Eustathios Romanos names
Pancratios Taronites patrikios[636]. m HELENA Lekapene, daughter of MIKHAEL Lekapenos magistros
& his wife --- ([940/45]-). Eustathios Romanos names Helena as wife of Pancratios Taronites[637]. Her
parentage is confirmed by a 14th century manuscript, preserved at the convent of St Stefanos in Thessaly,
which names Helena and Sophia as the two daughters of Mikhail magistros and adds that Helena married
"Pankratio Taronites"[638]. Given the chronology of this family, Helena could not have been born much
before [940]. Bagrat & his wife had one child:
a) AGATHA Taronitissa . Her parentage is confirmed by a 14th century manuscript, preserved at the
convent of St Stefanos in Thessaly, which names Agatha as daughter of "Pankratio Taronites" and his wife,
and adds that she was mother of Theophano[639]. m ---. One child:
i) THEOPHANO . Her parentage is confirmed by a 14th century manuscript, preserved at the convent
of St Stefanos in Thessaly, which names Agatha as daughter of "Pankratio Taronites" and his wife, and adds
that she was mother of Theophano[640]. Eustathios Romanos names Theophano as granddaughter of
Pancratios Taronites[641].

1. GREGORIOS Taronites [II] (-after [1050]). Gregorios´s parentage is not known. However, it
would be chronologically consistent if he was the son of Ashot Taronites (see above). A seal dated to
[1020] names "Gregorios Taronites, patrikios"[642]. Cedrenus records that "Gregorius…patricius Taronita"
was wrapped in a bull´s skin and sent to "orphanotrophum" as punishment for rebellion, dated to [1041]
from the context[643]. A seal dated to [1050] names "Gregorios Taronites, magistros vestarches krites and
doux of Optimaton"[644].

2. --- Taronites . His identity and parentage are not known. It is possible that he was the same person
as Gregorios Taronites [II] (see above). m [--- Aneme, daughter of --- Anemos & his wife ---]. The
Alexeiad names "Ioannes, the emperor's nephew, son of his eldest sister" as "a cousin on the paternal side of
the rebel [Mikhael Anemas]"[645], which suggests that the paternal grandmother of Ioannes Taronites must
have been a paternal aunt of the Anemas brothers. --- Taronites & his wife had one child:
a) MIKHAEL Taronites [I] (-[12 Mar] after [1094]). Nikephoros Bryennios records that "Manuel"
(Comnenos) was captured by the Turks "cum duobus sororem suarum viris, Melisseno et Taronita"[646].
The Alexeiad records, in a passage dateable to 1081, that "Taronites who add married the emperor´s sister
Maria" was created protosébastos and protovestarios by Emperor Alexios I, and "not long afterwards…
46
promoted to the rank of panhypersébastos with the right to sit with the Cæsar"[647]. The Codinus
Curopalatis records that Emperor Alexios awarded the title panhypersébastos to "Michaelem Taronitem
sororis coniugem"[648]. The Alexeiad records that "Michael Taronites, his sister´s husband" was "also sent
into exile" by the emperor, in a passage dateable to [1093/93], and his assets confiscated for alleged
involvement in the plot of Nikephoros Diogenes against Emperor Alexios I[649]. The list of obituaries of
Empress Eirene Doukas's family records the death "12 Mar, monk Michael Eumathius"[650], which Morris
Bierbrier suggests may refer to Mikhael Taronites[651]. m (1062) MARIA Komnene, daughter of
IOANNES Komnenos, kuropalates and domestikos & his wife Anna Dalassena ([1045]-[18 Aug] ----).
Nikephoros Bryennios names (in order) "Maria, Eudocia et Theodora" as the three daughters of "Ioanni"
and his wife Anna[652]. Nikephoros Bryennios records the marriage of "Ioannes…Comnenus
curopalates…maior…natu [filia] Maria" and "Taronitæ Michaeli"[653]. Her origin is also deduced from the
Alexeiad naming "Mikhael" as the husband of the niece of the Komnenoi brothers, although the text does
not name her or her daughter[654]. The relationship is clarified in a later passage in the same source which
records that "Taronites…had married the emperor's sister Maria"[655]. She became a nun as ANNA. The
list of obituaries of Empress Eirene Doukas's family records the death "18 Aug, Maria sister of
Emperor"[656]. It is not certain that this refers to Maria, wife of Mikhael Taronites, as the list mainly uses
monastic names where appropriate. In addition, the list appears not to include the names of married female
members of the family, except for direct ancestors and the wives of males in the family. It is possible
therefore that the entry refers to an older daughter Maria who died young. Mikhael Taronites & his wife
had [four] children:
i) ANNA Taronitissa. The Alexeiad names "Mikhael" as the husband of the niece of the Komnenoi
brothers who sent him to Emperor Nikephoros Botaneiates to accompany him to a monastery at the time of
their rebellion in 1081, noting that he "afterwards became logothete of the secreta"[657]. The passage does
not name his wife or her parents. m (1079) MIKHAEL Keroularios, grand nephew of the MIKHAEL
Keroularios, son of ---.
ii) IOANNES Taronites [I] (-after 1107). The Alexeiad names Ioannes Taronites as nephew of
Emperor Alexios, when recording that he was sent to guard Beroë, dated to [1094/95][658]. The record of
the trial of Leon of Chalcedonia, dated to 1086, names sébastos Ioannes Taronites fifth in the list of
members of the senate[659]. A seal dated to [1090] names "Ioannes Taronites"[660]. Theophylact of Ohrid
names Ioannes Taronites, doux of Skopje, son of Maria[661]. The Alexeiad records that Emperor Alexios
sent "John the emperor´s nephew, son of his eldest sister and a cousin on the paternal side of the rebel" to
crush the rebellion of his cousin Gregorios Taronites, dated to [1103][662]. m ---. The name of Ioannes's
wife is not known. Ioannes Taronites & his wife had one child:
(a) MIKHAEL Taronites [II] . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been
identified.
iii) [GREGORIOS Taronites [IV] (-after 1118). Protovestiarios. Niketas Choniates names "Gregorio
Taronitæ protovestiario" during the reign of Emperor Ioannes II[663]. It is unlikely that this was the same
person as the rebel Gregorios Taronites [III] (see below). It is possible therefore that he was another son of
Mikhael Taronites but the primary source which confirms this beyond doubt has not yet been identified.]
iv) [son ([1065/70]-). His parentage is not known with certainty. However, if the hypothesis concerning
the ancestry of the wife of Ioannes Doukas Komnenos is correct (see below), she must have been descended
from a son of Mikhael Taronites [I]. Assuming her birth date is correctly estimated as shown below, it
would be chronologically consistent for her paternal grandfather to have been the son of Mikhael. If it is
correct, as shown below, that her father was Ioannes Taronites [III], her grandfather would not have been
Ioannes Taronites [I], son of Mikhael Taronites [I], given the Byzantine convention of not normally naming
sons after their fathers. It is possible that he was the same person as the possible son named above as
Gregorios Taronites [IV]. m ---.] One child:
(a) [IOANNES Taronites [III] ([1095/1105]-after 1147). Pansebastos sebastos. "τού πανσεβάστου
σεβαστού τού δικαιοδότου κάι επάρχου Ιωάννου τού Ταρωνίτου" is named in the 1147 synod which
deposed Patriarch Kosmas[664]. The poem quoted below states that the wife of Ioannes Doukas Komnenos
was "from the family of a pansebastos…". No record has yet been found of another member of the
Taronites family with the title pansebastos at that time, which suggests that Ioannes was probably her father.
The same poem indicates that the wife of Ioannes Doukas Komnenos was descended from Maria Komnene,
47
wife of Mikhael Taronites [I]. Assuming that it is correct that her father was pansebastos Ioannes Taronites
[III], it is unlikely that he was the son of Mikhael´s son Ioannes Taronites [I] given the Byzantine
convention of not normally naming sons after their fathers. It is likely therefore that he was the son of
Gregorios, or of another of Mikhael´s sons who is not otherwise known from the records.] m ---. One
child:
(1) [--- Taronitissa ([1125/30]-after 1176). An anonymous poem records the marriage of Ioannes
Komnenos and his wife "from the family of a pansebastos…the glory of the Taronites…on her paternal side
issued from a branch of the same trunk…as she descends…from the race of the Komnenoi"[665].
According to Rüdt-Collenberg, she was the daughter or granddaughter either of Ioannes Taronites [I] or of
his brother Gregorios (sons of Mikhael Taronites)[666]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[667], she
was the possible daughter of Mikhael Taronites [II]. Jean Claude Chuat first proposed that she was the
daughter of Ioannes Taronites [III][668]. This affiliation appears to satisfy all the requirements of the text
of the anonymous poem quoted above. Her birth date range is estimated on the assumption that she was an
adolescent or young adult at the time of her marriage. She became a nun as MARIA after her husband died.
m ([1146]) IOANNES Doukas Komnenos protosébastos, son of ANDRONIKOS Komnenos sébastokrator
& his wife Eirene [Aineiadissa] ([1128]-killed in battle Myriokephalon shortly after 17 Sep 1176).]
b) son . His parentage is confirmed by the Alexeiad which records that Emperor Alexios sent "John the
emperor´s nephew, son of his eldest sister and a cousin on the paternal side of the rebel" to crush the
rebellion of his son Gregorios Taronites[669]. m ---. One child:
i) GREGORIOS Taronites [III] (-after [1106]). [A seal dated to [1063] names "Gregorios Taronites,
magistros"[670]. It is possible that this refers to Gregorios Taronites [II], see above.] A seal dated to
[1075] names "Gregorios Taronites"[671]. Three seals dated to [1100] name "Gregorios Taronites"[672].
Two seals dated to [1100] name "Gregorios Taronites, protonobelissimos and doux"[673]. Theophylact of
Ohrid names Gregorios Taronites as "nephew" of Mikhael Taronites[674]. He rebelled against Emperor
Alexios I in 1103. The Alexeiad records that Gregorios Taronites was appointed "Duke of Trapezus" in
succession to "Dabatenus", whom Gregorios imprisoned[675]. The same source records that Emperor
Alexios sent "John the emperor´s nephew, son of his eldest sister and a cousin on the paternal side of the
rebel" to "give him sound advice", that Gregorios was captured, taken to Constantinople where "his period
of incarceration was…prolonged" but where he was ultimately pardoned[676].

3. IOANNES Taronites [II] ([before 1060]-after 1107). The Alexeiad records that Emperor Alexios
appointed "John Taronites" as eparch at Chirovachi, adding that he was "an aristocrat who from early
childhood had been under the emperor´s protection and for a long time served him as an under-secretary" (in
a passage dealing with events dateable to 1107)[677]. Alice Leroy-Molinghen emphases the unlikelihood
that this passage refers to Ioannes Taronites [I], son of Mikhael Taronites [I] (see above), as the Alexeiad
does not specify that Emperor Alexios´s secretary was the emperor´s nephew, in contrast to the other
passage in which Ioannes Taronites [I] is named[678]. The existence of two individuals named Ioannes
Taronites is confirmed by the record of the trial of Leon of Chalcedonia, dated to 1086, in which sébastos
Ioannes Taronites (Ioannes Taronites [I]) is named fifth in the list of members of the senate, while Ioannes
Taronites "προτοκουροπαλάτου και επι των δεήςεων" (Ioannes Taronites [II]) is named eighteenth in the
list[679]. His birth date is estimated on the assumption that he was adult when named in this list. If his
birth date was considerably before 1060, he may have been the younger brother of Mikhael Taronites [I].
Protokouropalates.

4. THEODOROS Taronites . Theodoros Taronites, imperial notarios, is among those who signed the
document of the sekreton of the sea handing over a new ship to the monastery of Patmos, dated to the late
12th/early 13th centuries[680].

Chapter 35. TORNIKES

48
This family was studied by J. Darrouzes[681].

Two [probable] brothers:

1. NIKOLAOS Tornikios, son of [TORNIKIOS of Taron & his wife ---] (-after 963). [The De
Administrando Imperio of Konstantinos Porphyrogenetos records that "Tornicio patricio" bequeathed his
lands to the emperor and left "uxoremque et filium" under his protection after his death[682].] Theophanes
Continuatus records that Emperor Konstantinos VII used "Torniciis" to arrest the sons of Emperor Romanos
Lekapenos after inviting them for dinner, dated to 27 Jan 945[683]. Cedrenus names "Nicolao et Leone
Torniciis" when recording the same incident[684]. The De Ceremoniis of Konstantinos Porphyrogennetos
records that "Nicolaus Tornicius" was charged with expelling Bardas Phokas from the church of St Sophia
in 963[685].
2. [LEON Tornikios (-after 945). Theophanes Continuatus records that Emperor Konstantinos VII
used "Torniciis" to arrest the sons of Emperor Romanos Lekapenos after inviting them for dinner, dated to
27 Jan 945[686]. Cedrenus names "Nicolao et Leone Torniciis" when recording the same incident[687].
Neither source specifies that Nikolaos and Leon were brothers but this is implied from the text.]

1. --- Tornikes (-1017 or after). Lupus Protospatarius records that "Turnichi catepani" was appointed
in Bari in [1017] and fought and defeated "Mele et Normannis Leo Patiano"[688]. It appears that he either
died later that year, or was recalled to Constantinople, as another katepan is named in Bari later in the
following year in the same source.

2. MIKHAEL Tornikes (-after [1050]). A seal dated to [1035] names "Michael Tornikios asekretis and
krites of Seleukeia"[689]. A seal dated to [1038] names "Michael Tornikios protospatharios krites of the
hippodrome and strategos of Samos"[690]. A seal dated to [1050] names "Michael Tornikes,
protospatharios and krites of the hippodrome and of Anatolikon"[691].

3. LEON Tornikes (-after Sep 1047). Psellus records that Euprepia, sister of Emperor Konstantinos IX,
was courted by her second cousin on her mother's side, Leon Tornikios, a military magnate in Macedonia
whom her brother appointed as governor of Iberia [in Georgia] to remove him from Constantinople and
terminate their affair. Zonaras names "Leone Tornicio…materno imperatoris cognato" and "soror
imperatoris Euprepia"[692]. The word "cognato" is too imprecise to trace the exact relationship between
Leon Tornikes and the emperor. Psellos records that he rebelled, was proclaimed emperor in Sep 1047, and
besieged Constantinople but was captured and blinded[693]. Cedrenus records the rebellion of "patricii
Leonis Tornicii" strategos of Iberia against Emperor Konstantinos IX Monomachos, supported by "Joanne
Batatze…Theodoro Strabomyta, Polye, Marianoque Brana, Occidentalium legionem ducibus et sibi
sanguine propinquis", adding that "Batatzæ" was "consanguineus…Tornicii" and that they were blinded
together[694]. The relationship between Ioannes Batatzes and Leon Tornikios has not been traced. The
Chronicle of Matthew of Edessa records the rebellion of “un patrice…Thornig, originaire d´Anternabolis”
against Emperor Konstantinos IX in “l´année 496 [10 Mar 1047/8 Mar 1048]”[695]. Leon was eventually
forced to become a monk. m --- Batatzaina, daughter of GEORGIOS Batatzes & his wife ---. The Anonymi
Barensis Chronicon names Ioannes Batatzes as consocruneo of Leon Tornikios[696].

4. ROMANOS Tornikes (-after [1050]). Two seals dated to [1050] name "Romanos Tornikes,
protospatharios and symponos"[697]. A seal dated to [1050] names "Romanos ---, protospatharios and
symponos"[698].

5. GEORGIOS Tornikes (-after [1063]). A seal dated to [1063] names "Georgios Tornikes,
protospatharios and exaktor"[699].

49
6. daughter . The name and origin of the wife of Theodosius Monomachos is not known. A clue is
provided by Psellus who records that "the emperor [Konstantinos IX] had a second cousin on the maternal
side…Leo, a member of the Tornician family…who lived in Adrianopolis"[700]. Zonaras names "Leone
Tornicio…materno imperatoris cognato"[701]. m THEODOSIOS Monomachos, son of ---.

7. PETROS Tornikes (-after 1078). The Alexeiad records that "a Macedonian…Petros…Tornicius"
fought against the rebel Nikephoros Bryennios[702].

8. NIKETAS Tornikes (-after [1120]). A seal dated to [1120] names "Niketas Tornikes"[703].

9. IOANNES Tornikes (-after [1150]). A seal dated to [1150] names "Ioannes Tornikes"[704].

10. MIKHAEL Tornikes (-after [1167]). A seal dated to [1167] names "Michael Tornikes
sakellarios"[705].

1. --- Tornikes . m ---, niece of THEOPHILAKTOS, daughter of ---. Three children:

a) GEORGIOS Tornikes . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been
identified. Metropolitan of Ephesus.
b) LEON Tornikes . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.
c) DEMETRIOS Tornikes (-1201). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been
identified.
- see below.

DEMETRIOS Tornikes, son of --- Tornikes & his wife --- (-1201). The primary source which confirms his
parentage has not yet been identified. Logothetes. Niketas Choniates records the activities of "iudices,
Monasteriotes Leo, Tornicius Demetrius et Constantinus Patrenus" during the revolution which brought
Emperor Andronikos I to power in 1183[706]. A seal dated to [1200] names "Demetrios Tornikes"[707].
m --- Malakissa, daughter of EUTHYMIOS Malakes & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms
her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.
Demetrios & his wife had [four] children:
1. KONSTANTINOS Tornikes (-killed in Bulgaria [1205/06]). Adontz quotes a letter from Mikhael
Akominate addressed to Demetrios Tornikes which names his father Konstantinos and his grandfather
Demetrios[708]. A seal dated to [1190] names "Konstantinos Tornikes, sebastos"[709]. The History of
Niketas Choniates names "præfectus urbis Constantinus Tornicius" as head of the imperial guard which
suppressed a riot in Constantinople in 1201[710]. Konstantinos Tornikes, uncle ("θείου") of Emperor
Alexios IV, is named at Patmos, dated to 1203[711]. The History of Niketas Choniates records that "Dromi
logothetam Constantinum Tornicem" was captured by the Bulgarians after the battle of Adrianople and later
killed[712]. m [--- Komnene], [illegitimate daughter or granddaughter of Emperor MANUEL I] (-after
1201). Her supposed origin is deduced from a single primary source as follows. The eulogy written by
Euthymios Tornikes for his father Demetrios, dated 1201, refers to "λογοθέτου γηνη… σου νυμφη" ("the
wife of the logothetes, his daughter-in-law") and adds that the lady in question was "η εχ της πρώτης χαι
Βασιλιχης των Κομνηνων χρυσέας σειρας η ανδρεια χαι σωφρων" ("descended from the first and imperial
series of gold of the Komnenos, brave and wise")[713]. It is highly probable that the text refers to the wife
of Konstantinos Tornikes, who is referred to as "dromi logothetam Constantinum Tornicem" by Niketas
Choniates (see above)[714]. Varzos interprets the phrase "imperial series of gold of the Komnenos" as
meaning that the wife of Konstantinos Tornikes was "one who emanated from Emperors Alexios, Ioannes
and Manuel Komnenos", in other words from the direct line of the three Komnenos emperors[715]. If this
interpretation is correct, descent from any one or two of these emperors would not constitute a "series", nor
would descent from Emperor Andronikos I who counted only Emperor Alexios among his direct ancestors.
This would necessarily mean that the lady in question was the daughter or granddaughter (the chronology
would support either case) of Emperor Manuel I, evidently illegitimate if she was his daughter. However, it
50
is not known whether such a poetic turn of phrase in this type of eulogy should be interpreted so literally. It
should also be noted that Varzos´s interpretation does not appear to consign a meaning to the word
"πρώτης" ("first").] Konstantinos & his wife had one child:
a) DEMETRIOS Tornikes Komnenos (-[1252]). Adontz quotes a letter from Mikhael Akominate
addressed to Demetrios Tornikes which names his father Konstantinos and his grandfather Demetrios[716].
Georgios Akropolites names "Demetrios Tornices, qui summam rerum publicarum administrabat…" among
the important nobles at the court of Emperor Ioannes Batatzes[717].
- see below.
2. GEORGIOS Tornikes (-after [1200]).
3. EUTHYMIOS Tornikes (-after 1222). He wrote a eulogy for his father Demetrios dated 1201[718].
4. [EIRENE (-[18 Nov] [1184/85]). The necrology of Speyer cathedral celebrates the anniversary "in
octava Martini" (18 Nov) of "Maria regina Philippi regis coniectalis, nata de Grecia…patre eius et matre
eius…Ysaac et…Herina"[719]. This entry is discussed by Hiestand[720]. It is not clear to which of the
named individuals the date indicated (18 Nov) applies, or indeed that it was the date of death of any of them.
There remains some doubt about whether Eirene can have been the name of Isaakios's wife as the original
baptismal name of her daughter, "Maria regina", is recorded as Eirene, the Byzantine naming practice not
normally being to name children after their parents. Her family relationship with the Tornikes family is
suggested by a document at Patmos which names Konstantinos Tornikes as uncle ("θείου") of Emperor
Alexios IV, dated to Dec 1203[721]. However, the passage would not exclude Konstantinos being the
husband either of a maternal or paternal aunt of the emperor, or indeed a more remote relation as the word
"θείος" could indicate a family relationship which is more distant than "uncle". It cannot therefore be
concluded with certainty that this Patmos source means that [Eirene] was definitely a member of the
Tornikes family through the male line. The possible origin of [Eirene] is discussed in detail in an article by
Don Stone and Charles Owens, to whom I am grateful for additional information relating to the
question[722]. m (before 1181) as his first wife, ISAAKIOS Angelos, son of ANDRONIKOS Dukas
Angelos & his wife Euphrosyne Kastamonitissa ([1155]-Constantinople in prison [28 Jan/12 Apr] 1204).
He succeeded in 1185 on the latter's downfall as Emperor ISAAKIOS II.]

DEMETRIOS Tornikes Komnenos, son of KONSTANTINOS Tornikes & his wife --- Komnene (-[1252]).
Adontz quotes a letter from Mikhael Akominate addressed to Demetrios Tornikes which names his father
Konstantinos and his grandfather Demetrios[723]. Georgios Akropolites names "Demetrios Tornices, qui
summam rerum publicarum administrabat…" among the important nobles at the court of Emperor Ioannes
Batatzes[724]. Georgios Akropolites records the death of "Demetrius Tornicius ", dated to the early 1250s
from the context[725].
m firstly --- [Palaiologina], daughter of ---. Georgios Akropolites records that "Demetrius Tornicius…
Thessalonicæ magnus domesticus" married "magni domestici consobrinam" (referring to Mikhael
Palaeologus, the future Emperor Mikhael VIII)[726].
m secondly ---. The name of Demetrios's second wife is not known.
Demetrios & his second wife had [four] children:
1. KONSTANTINOS Tornikes. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been
identified. Georgios Akropolites records that "Strategopulum Alexium et Constantinum Tornicem" were
"magni primicerii" under Emperor Ioannes III[727]. Georgios Akropolites records that Emperor Ioannes III
installed "Constantinus Tornices" as "magnus…primicerius" but that he was removed from the post by
Emperor Theodoros II[728]. m ---. The name of Konstantinos's wife is not known. Konstantinos Tornikes
& his wife had two children:
a) --- Tornikaine. Pachymeres records the marriage of "Constantini Tornicii filiam" and "fratrem…
Ioannes" (referring to the future Emperor Mikhael VIII)[729]. Her parentage is confirmed by Ephræmius
which records that "sebastocrator…Ioannes cum Constantino socero Tornice" met the emperor at
"Lampsaci"[730]. Mistress of ---. m ([1259]) as his second wife, IOANNES Komnenos Palaiologos
sébastokrator, son of ANDRONIKOS Doukas Komnenos Palaiologos & his first wife Theodora
Palaiologina (-1274). Despot 1261/63. --- Tornikaine had [one possible illegitimate child]:

51
i) [daughter (-before 1268[731]). Pachymeres refers to "imperator…fratris…propriam coniugem" who
had "filiam ex alio…naturalem sed illegitimam prolem" who married "Mepe Iberiæ Davidi"[732]. It is not
clear from the passage which of Emperor Mikhael VIII's brothers is indicated. If it refers to Ioannes, this
was the daughter of his wife --- Tornikaine, assuming that the text is accurate. She is shown in Europäische
Stammtafeln[733] as the daughter of Ioannes Palaiologos by his second marriage. If the latter is correct, she
must have been a child bride. She is attested as the illegitimate daughter of Ioannes by a mistress[734]. The
Georgian Chronicle (18th century) records that the wife of King Davit was "la reine, fille du grand
Paléologue, souverain de Constantinople et de la Grèce"[735]. m as his first wife, DAVIT VI "Narin/the
Clever" King of Imerati [Georgia], son of MUHAMMAD MUGHIS ud-Din Turkan Shah, of Erzerum & his
wife Rusudan Queen of Georgia (-1292).]
b) --- Tornikaine . Pachymeres records the marriage of "Tornicii filiam secundogenitam" and "Ioanni
filio despotæ Occidentis"[736]. The same source confirms this information in a later passage when it
records that "Michaeli…despotæ…filii…quorum Ioannes" became "generum…sebastocratoris
Tornicii"[737]. m ([1262]) IOANNES Doukas, son of MIKHAEL [II] Komnenos Doukas Angelos Lord of
Epirus & his wife Theodora Doukaina Petroliphaina Basilissa (-[1281/89).
2. [IOANNES Tornikes . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.
Sébastocrator.]
3. [ANDRONIKOS Tornikes (-1259). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet
been identified.]
4. --- Tornikaina . Georgios Akropolites records the marriage of "Theodorus Petraliphas" and "filiam
Demetrii Tornicii Comneni", dated to the early 1250s from the context[738]. m ([1250/55]) THEODOROS
Petraloiphas, son of ---.

1. --- . m ---. Ioannes Kantakouzenos records that the mother of "magnus contostaulos Michael
Tornices…imperatorem seniorem attingebat"[739]. One child:
a) MIKHAEL Tornikes . Ioannes Kantakouzenos names "magnus contostaulos Michael
Tornices"[740].

1. ISAAKIOS Komnenos Doukas Tornikes (-8 Jan ----). He was possibly a grandson of Konstantinos
Torn ikes. He became a monk as IOASSAPH. m MARIA Komnene Branaina Laskarina Doukaina
Palaiologina, daughter of KONSTANTINOS Angelos Komnenos Doukas Palaiologos sébastokrator & his
wife Eirene Komnene Laskarina Kantakouzene Branaina (-[16 Sep 1328/46]). The primary source which
confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. She became a nun as MARIAMNE.
Isaakios & his wife had one child:
a) ANDRONIKOS Tornikes . Parakoimomenos kai oikeios of Emperor Andronikos II. Megas
chartularios 1322. Protobestiarios 1324/1328. Ioannes Kantakouzenos names "Andronicus Tornices et
Manuel Lascaris" as supporters Emperor Andronikos II in his disputes with his grandson[741]. Kephale of
Boleron, Mosynopolis, Serrhes and Syrmia 1327. He became a monk as ANTONIOS. m --- Tzamplakon,
daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.
Andronikos & his wife had [one possible child]:
i) [ANNA Kantakouzene . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet
been identified. She is described as daughter of a parakoimomenos. m DEMETRIOS Tornikes, son of ---.
1336/78. Pinkernes.]

1. DEMETRIOS Tornikes. 1336/78. Pinkernes. m ANNA Kantakouzene, daughter of

[ANDRONIKOS] Tornikes & his wife --- Tzamplakon. The primary source which confirms her parentage
and marriage has not yet been identified.

52
[1] Prosopography of the Byzantine World ("PBW"),
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<http://www.pbw.kcl.ac.uk/content/index.html> (Sep 2007).
[2] Classen, J. (ed.) (1839) Theophanes Chronographia,
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[3] Theophanes, Vol. I, 6259/759, p. 685.
[4] Theophanes, Vol. I, 6257/757, pp. 676-7.
[5] Theophanes, Vol. I, 6257/757, pp. 676-7.
[6] Theophanes, Vol. I, 6257/757, pp. 676-7.
[7] Theophanes, Vol. I, 6257/757, pp. 676-7.
[8] Theophanes, Vol. I, 6257/757, pp. 676-7.
[9] Theophanes, Vol. I, 6257/757, pp. 676-7.
[10] Bekker, I. (ed.) (1840) Constantini Porphyrogeniti De
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[11] Bekker, I. (ed.) (1838) Theophanes Continuatus, Ioannes
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Theophanes Continuatus, VI, De Leonis Basilii filii, 25, p.
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[12] Bekker, I. (ed.) (1838) Theophanes Continuatus, Ioannes
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[15] Theophanes Continuatus, VI, De Leonis Basilii filii, 10,
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[16] Konstantinos Porphyrogenitos De Administrando
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[17] Migne, J. P. (1889) Cedreni Historiarum Continuatio,
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[18] Cedrenus II, col. 198.
[19] Cedrenus II, col. 214.
[20] Cedrenus II, col. 214.
[21] Cedrenus II, col. 246.
[22] Cedrenus II, col. 246.
[23] Cedrenus II, col. 246.
[24] Cedrenus II, col. 214.
[25] Cedrenus II, col. 246.
[26] Cedrenus II, col. 223.
[27] Cedrenus II, col. 202.
[28] Cedrenus II, col. 214.
[29] Cedrenus II, col. 219.
[30] Cedrenus II, col. 214.
[31] Cedrenus II, col. 223.
[32] Cedrenus II, col. 214.
[33] Cedrenus II, col. 214.
[34] Cedrenus II, col. 219.
[35] Cedrenus II, col. 219.
[36] Cedrenus II, col. 331.
[37] Cedrenus II, col. 351.
[38] Migne, J. P. (1889) Georgius Cedrenus, Ioannes
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historico Joannis Scylitzæ curopalatæ ("Skylitzes"), col. 447.
[39] Cedrenus II, col. 247.
[40] Cedrenus II, col. 282.
[41] Cedrenus II, col. 286.
[42] Cedrenus II, col. 275.
[43] Cedrenus II, col. 363.
[44] Cedrenus II, col. 331.
[45] Cedrenus II, col. 331.
[46] "Konstantinos 20324" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal
3144.
[47] Sewter, E. R. A. (trans.) (1969) Anna Comnena The
Alexiad (Penguin Books), Book 12, pp. 382 and 386.
[48] Alexeiad, Book 12, p. 387.
[49] Alexeiad, Book 12, p. 382.
[50] Alexeiad, Book 12, p. 382.
[51] Alexeiad, Book 12, p. 382.
[52] Alexeiad, Book 12, p. 387.
[53] "Ioannes 20285" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seals 1623,
1624, 1625.
[54] "Nikolaos 107" in PBW (2006.2), citing Theophylact of
Ohrid 237.1, 243.1, 269.1.
[55] Lemerle, P., Guillou, A. and Svoronos, N. (1970) Actes
de Lavra. Première partie: Des origines à 1204, Archives de
l'Athos V (Paris) 332.44-47, 333, 105-110, cited in PBW
(2006.2).
[56] Kerbl, R. (1979) Byzantinische Prinzessinnen in Ungarn
zwischen 1050-1200 und ihr Einfluß auf das
Arpadenkönigreich (VWGÖ, Vienna), p. 149.
[57] Sturdza, M. D. (1999) Dictionnaire Historique et
Généalogique des Grandes Familles de Grèce, d'Albanie et de
Constantinople (2e edition Paris), p. 274.
[58] Morris Bierbrier, in a private email to the author dated 6
Feb 2007.
[59] Sturdza (1999), p. 274.
[60] Stiernon, L. 'Notes de titulature et de prosopographie
Byzantines, Theodora Comnène et Andronic Lapardas
sébastos', REB 24 (1966), pp. 89-106, cited in Kerbl (1979),
p. 149.
[61] Kerbl (1979), p. 150.
[62] Nicol, D. M. (1972) The Last Centuries of Byzantium
1261-1453 (London), p. 164.
[63] Nicol (1972), p. 173.
[64] Schopen, L. (ed.) (1828-1832) Cantacuzenus Vols I, II
and III, Corpus Scriptorum Historiæ Byzantinæ (Bonn)
("Ioannes Kantakouzenos") Vol. II, III, 36, p. 218.
[65] Nicol (1972), p. 195.
[66] Nicol (1972), pp. 206-7.
[67] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. II, III, 19, p. 120.
[68] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. II, III, 19, p. 120.
[69] Schopen, L. (ed.) (1830-1855) Nicephorus Gregoras,
Historiæ Byzantinæ, Corpus Scriptorum Historiæ Byzantinæ
Vols. I, II and III (Bonn) ("Nikephoros Gregoras") Vol. II,
Historiæ Byzantinæ XIV, 11, p. 740.
[70] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. II, III, 93, p. 568.
[71] Nikephoros Gregoras Vol. II, Historiæ Byzantinæ XIV,
11, p. 740.
[72] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. II, III, 78, p. 485.
[73] Nicol (1972), pp. 201 and 206.
[74] Nikephoros Gregoras Vol. II, Historiæ Byzantinæ XIV,
6, p. 710.
[75] Nikephoros Gregoras Vol. II, Historiæ Byzantinæ XVI,
1, p. 797.
[76] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. II, III, 17, p. 108.
[77] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. II, III, 19, pp. 123-4.
[78] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. III, IV, 50, p. 364.
[79] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. III, IV, 50, p. 364.
[80] Bekker, I. (ed.) (1835) Georgii Pachymeris De Michaele
et Andronico Palaeologis, Corpus Scriptorum Historiæ
Byzantinæ (Bonn) ("Pachymeres") Vol I, De Michaele
Palaeologo, Liber V, 5, p. 350.
[81] Fine, J. V. A. (1994) The Late Medieval Balkans, A
Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman
Conquest (Ann Arbour, University of Michigan Press), p. 197.
[82] Fine (1994), p. 198.
[83] Pachymeres Vol II, Andronicus Palæologus, Liber I, 20,
p. 57.
[84] Pachymeres Vol II, Andronicus Palæologus, Liber V, 21,
p. 421.
[85] Pachymeres Vol I, De Michaele Palaeologo, Liber V, 5,
p. 350, and Liber VI, 6, p. 440.
[86] Pachymeres Vol II, Andronicus Palæologus, Liber V, 21,
p. 421.
[87] Fine (1994), p. 177.
[88] Pachymeres Vol II, Andronicus Palæologus, Liber I, 27,
p. 72.
[89] Pachymeres Vol II, Andronicus Palæologus, Liber V, 12,
p. 396.
[90] Buchon, J. A. (trans.) (1827) Chronique de Ramon
Muntaner (Paris), Tome II, CXCXI, p. 131.
[91] Nicol (1972), p. 136.
[92] Ramon Muntaner, Tome II, CCXIII, p. 167.
[93] Miller, W. (1908) The Latins in the Levant. A History of
Frankish Greece (1204-1566) (Cambridge and New York), p.
212.
[94] Ramon Muntaner, Tome II, CXCIV, p. 111.
[95] Miller (1908), pp. 212-14.
[96] Ramon Muntaner, Tome II, CXCXI and CCXII, pp. 131
and 164.
[97] Miller (1908), p. 215.
[98] Nicol (1972), p. 139-40.
[99] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. I, I, 18, p. 91.
[100] Miller (1908), pp. 258-9, which specifies that he was
killed in 1316 after governing the province for eight years,
which is inconsistent with the death date shown in ES III 197.
[101] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. I, II, 7, p. 353.
[102] Nikephoros Gregoras Vol. II, Historiæ Byzantinæ XII,
16, pp. 624 and 626.
[103] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. I, I, 24, p. 125.
[104] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. II, III, 41, pp. 248-9.
[105] Nikephoros Gregoras Vol. II, Historiæ Byzantinæ XIII,
1, p. 633.
[106] Nikephoros Gregoras Vol. II, Historiæ Byzantinæ XVI,
1, p. 797.
[107] Nikephoros Gregoras Vol. II, Historiæ Byzantinæ XII,
16, p. 624.
[108] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. II, III, 36, p. 218.
[109] Morris Bierbrier, in a private email to the author dated 6
Feb 2007.
[110] Fine (1994), p. 328.
[111] Fine (1994), p. 328.
[112] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. I, I, 56, p. 286.
[113] Trapp, E. Prosopographisches Lexikon der
Palaiologisichen-Zeit, cited by Morris Bierbrier in a private
email to the author dated 6 Feb 2007.
[114] Sturdza (1999), p. 524.
[115] Bekker, I. (ed.) (1838) Georgios Phrantzes, Corpus
Scriptorum Historiæ Byzantinæ (Bonn) ("Georgios
Phrantzes") Liber IV, 15, p. 387.
[116] Miller (1908), pp. 456-7.
[117] Georgios Phrantzes Liber IV, 15, p. 387.
[118] Georgios Phrantzes Liber IV, 15, p. 387.
[119] Georgios Phrantzes Liber IV, 23, p. 449.
[120] Morris Bierbrier, in a private email to the author dated 6
Feb 2007.
[121] Meineke, A. (ed.) (1835) Nicetæ Choniatæ Historia,
Corpus Scriptorum Historiæ Byzantinæ (Bonn) ("Niketas
Choniates"), Liber III Rerum a Manuele Comneno Gestarum,
2, pp. 135-6.
[122] Sturdza (1999), p. 276.
[123] "Maria 20117" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3040.
[124] Sturdza (1999), p. 276.
[125] Kuršankis, M. ´Autour des sources Géorgiennes de la
foundation de l´empire de Trébizonde´, Archeion Pontou 30,
pp. 112-3, cited by Williams, J. W. ´A genealogy of the Grand
Komnenoi of Trebizond´, Foundations Vol. 2, number 3 (Jan
2007), p. 173.
[126] ES II 175.
[127] Morris Bierbrier, in a private email to the author dated
18 Jan 2007.
[128] Cedrenus II, col. 183.
[129] ES II 159 A.
[130] Sisic, F. (ed.), Stephenson, P. (trans. 1998) Chronicle of
the Priest of Duklja, Johannes Lucius (1666) De Regno
Dalmatiæ et Croatiæ (Amsterdam), available at
<http://homepage.mac.com/paulstephenson/trans/lpd.1.htm>
(10 Jan 2007) (extract only), XXXVI.
[131] Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja, XXXVIII.
[132] Adontz, N. (1938) Samuel l´Arménien, roi des Bulgares
(Mémoires publiés par l´Académie royale de Belgique), p. 51
(also published in Adontz, N. (1965) Etudes arméno-
byzantines (Fondation Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisbon), pp. 347-
409).
[133] Cedrenus II, col. 235.
[134] Cedrenus II, col. 363.
[135] Cheynet, J.-C. and Vannier, J.-F. (1986) Etudes
prosopographiques, Les Dalessenoi, pp. 75-115, cited by
Morris Bierbrier in a private email to the author dated 6 Feb
2007.
[136] "Ioannes 20165" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 546.
[137] Migne, J. P. (1887) Ioannes Zonaræ Annales,
Patrologiæ cursus completus, Series Græca Tomus CXXXV
(Paris) ("Zonaras II"), II, Liber XVII, X, col. 172.
[138] Cedrenus II, col. 218.
[139] Zonaras II, Liber XVII, XIV, col. 183.
[140] Cedrenus II, col. 254.
[141] Mikhael Psellos, Chronographia: Sewter, E. R. A.
(trans.) (1966) Fourteen Byzantine Rulers, the Chronographia
of Mikhael Psellos (Penguin Books) ("Psellos"), pp. 333-4.
[142] Zonaras II, Liber XVII, XIV, col. 183.
[143] ES II 168.
[144] Morris Bierbrier, in a private email to the author dated 6
Feb 2007.
[145] Cedrenus II, col. 210.
[146] "Theophylaktos 102" in PBW (2006.2), citing Skylitzes
404.52.
[147] "Theophylaktos 102" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 37.
[148] "Theophylaktos 102" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 512.
[149] Cedrenus II, col. 254.
[150] Cedrenus II, col. 254.
[151] "Adrianos 20106" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 1681.
[152] Cedrenus II, col. 254.
[153] Morris Bierbrier, in a private email to the author dated 6
Feb 2007.
[154] Zonaras II, Liber XVII, XI, col. 172.
[155] Meineke, A. (ed.) (1836) Ioannes Cinnamus,
Nicephorus Bryennius, Corpus Scriptorum Historiæ
Byzantinæ (Bonn) ("Nikephoros Bryennios") Liber I, 2, p. 19.
[156] Nikephoros Bryennios Liber I, 2, p. 19.
[157] Alexeiad, Book 2, p. 83.
[158] REB 63 (2005), pp. 41-71.
[159] "Theodoros 126" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 55.
[160] "Theodoros 126" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3841.
[161] "Theodoros 126" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seals 55 and
3840.
[162] "Theodoros 20256" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3843.
[163] Skylitzes, col. 422.
[164] "Konstantinos 20220" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal
1683.
[165] "Konstantinos 20153" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal
873.
[166] "Konstantinos 20221" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal
1684.
[167] "Theophylaktos 20114" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal
1682.
[168] "Nikephoros 20149" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 1685.
[169] "Theodoros 215" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seals 2842,
2838 and 3839.
[170] "Theodoros 215" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 199.
[171] Niketas Choniates, Liber VII de Rebus Gesti Manuelis
Comneni, 1, p. 68.
[172] "Romanos 20148" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 4373.
[173] Lupus Protospatarius 1017, MGH SS V, p. 58.
[174] Lupus Protospatarius 1017, MGH SS V, p. 58.
[175] Annales Barenses 1040, MGH SS V, p. 54.
[176] Annales Barenses 1040, MGH SS V, p. 54.
[177] Cedrenus II, col. 277.
[178] Cedrenus II, col. 331.
[179] Alexeiad, Book 1, p. 37.
[180] Alexeiad, Book 1, p. 37.
[181] "Eustathios 20132" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 4375.
[182] "Stephanos 20217" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 4376.
[183] "Theodoros 20281" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 4374.
[184] Nikephoros Bryennios Liber II, 25, p. 92.
[185] Alexeiad, Book 12, pp. 390 and 414.
[186] Alexeiad, Book 7, pp. 218 and 220.
[187] Alexeiad, Book 10, p. 301.
[188] Zonaras XVIII, 22, p. 739.
[189] Alexeiad, Book 10, p. 301.
[190] Meineke, A. (ed.) (1836) Ioannes Cinnamus,
Nicephorus Bryennius, Corpus Scriptorum Historiæ
Byzantinæ (Bonn) ("Ioannes Kinnamos") Liber V, 9, p. 228.
[191] REB 63 (2005), pp. 41-71.
[192] Bryer, A. 'The Gabras Family', Birmingham Historical
Journal 12, pp. 164-87, cited by Morris Bierbrier, in a private
email to the author dated 6 Feb 2007.
[193] Cedrenus II, col. 263.
[194] "Leon 20249" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 2815.
[195] Alexeiad, Book 8, p. 265.
[196] Alexeiad, Book 8, p. 265.
[197] Zonaras XVIII, 22, p. 739.
[198] Zonaras XVIII, 22, p. 739.
[199] Alexeiad, Book 8, p. 265.
[200] Sturdza (1999), p. 247.
53
[201] Alexeiad, Book 6, p. 197.
[202] Alexeiad, Book 10, p. 301.
[203] Morris Bierbrier, in a private email to the author dated 6
Feb 2007.
[204] Extrait de la Chronique intitulée Kamel-Altevarykh par
Ibn-Alatyr, RHC Historiens Orientaux I, p. 341.
[205] "Konstantinos 20110" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal
184.
[206] "Konstantinos 20110" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal
3926.
[207] Ioannes Kinnamos Liber V, 8, p. 226.
[208] Niketas Choniates, Liber III Rerum a Manuele
Comneno Gestarum, 2, p. 135.
[209] Niketas Choniates, Liber IV Rerum a Manuele
Comneno Gestarum, 1, p. 173.
[210] Ioannes Kinnamos Liber V, 8, p. 226.
[211] "Katakalon 20105" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3927.
[212] "Ioannes 20186" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 749.
[213] Kennedy, S. (trans.) (2008) The Chronicle of Michael
Panaretos, 99, available at
<http://scotisc.blogspot.com/2008/12/history-of-michael-
panaretos.html> (6 Dec 2008).
[214] Massarelli, A. Dell'Imperadori Constantinopolitani Vat.
Lat. 12127 f. 349v-353. [MB]
[215] Morris Bierbrier in a private email to the author dated
10 Dec 2006.
[216] Theodore Spandounes (Spandugnino), De la origine deli
Imperatori Ottomani, Sathas, C. N. (ed.) (1890) Documents
inédits relatifs à l'histoire de la Grèce au moyen âge, IX
(Paris), pp. 159-60, cited in Nicol, D. M. (1994) The
Byzantine Lady: Ten Portraits 1250-1500 (Cambridge
University Press), p. 123.
[217] Massarelli, A. Dell'Imperadori Constantinopolitani Vat.
Lat. 12127 f. 349v-353. [MB]
[218] ES III 173, extinct in the male line after 1514.
[219] ES III 173.
[220] "Leon 20226" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3098.
[221] "Leon 20226" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 2560.
[222] "Theodoros 20293" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 4832.
[223] Bekker, I. (ed.) (1836) Michael Glycas, Corpus
Scriptorum Historiæ Byzantinæ (Bonn) ("Mikhael Glykas")
IV, p. 597.
[224] "Michael 111" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3300.
[225] "Michael 111" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3301.
[226] "Konstantinos 20271" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal
2290.
[227] "Konstantinos 6010" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 593.
[228] Morris Bierbrier, in a private email to the author dated 6
Feb 2007.
[229] REB 63 (2005), pp. 41-71.
[230] Alexeiad, Book 15, p. 511.
[231] Zonaras XVIII, 22, p. 739.
[232] REB 63 (2005), pp. 41-71.
[233] "Adralestos 20102" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 1729.
[234] "Adralestos 20103" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 1730.
[235] "Nikephoros 20205" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 4170.
[236] Sturdza (1999), p. 293.
[237] Ioannes Kinnamos Liber V, 6, p. 216.
[238] Runciman (1951, 1952 and 1954) A History of the
Crusades (Penguin Books, 1978), Vol. 2, p. 365.
[239] Runciman (1978), Vol. 2, p. 367.
[240] Runciman (1978), Vol. 2, pp. 369-70.
[241] Rüdt-Collenberg, W. H. (1968) 'L'Empereur Isaac de
Chypre et sa fille (1155-1207)', Byzantion XXXVIII,
reprinted in Familles de l'Orient latin XIIe-XIVe siècles
(Variorum Reprints, London, 1983), I, p. 130.
[242] Runciman (1978), Vol. 2, p. 364.
[243] Rüdt-Collenberg (1968), p. 130.
[244] "Anonymus 20173" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 1735.
[245] "Epiphanios 20107" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3855.
[246] "Epiphanios 20107" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 1743.
[247] "Epiphanios 20107" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 1744.
[248] "Epiphanios 20107" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 1745.
[249] "Theodoros 13104" in PBW (2006.2), citing Nesbitt, J.
and J. Wiita, J. 'A Confraternity of the Comnenian Era',
Byzantinische Zeitschrift 68 (1975), 144.
[250] "Basileios 20190" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 2026.
[251] "Basileios 207" in PBW (2006.2), citing Branouse, E.
and Nystazopoulou-Pelekidou, M. (1980) Βυζαντινὰ ἔγγραφα
τῆς μονῆς Πάτμου 1. Αὐτοκρατορικά, 2. Δημοσίων
λειτουργῶν (Athens) Vol. 1, p. 339.219.
[252] "Gregorios 141" in PBW (2006.2), citing Branouse, E.
and Nystazopoulou-Pelekidou, M. (1980) Βυζαντινὰ ἔγγραφα
τῆς μονῆς Πάτμου 1. Αὐτοκρατορικά, 2. Δημοσίων
λειτουργῶν (Athens) Vol. 1, p. 339.219.
[253] "Georgios 20140" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 1793.
[254] Niketas Choniates, Imperiii Alexii Comneni fratris
Isaacii Angeli, Liber 1, 1, p. 601.
[255] Niketas Choniates, Imperiii Alexii Comneni fratris
Isaacii Angeli, Liber 2, 2, p. 642.
[256] Gardner, A. (1912) The Lascarids of Nicæa, The Story
of an Empire in Exile (Methuen, London), p. 90.
[257] Niebuhr, B. G. (ed.) (1840) Ephræmii Monachi
Imperatorum et Patriarcharum, Corpus Scriptorum Historiæ
Byzantinæ (Bonn) ("Ephræmius") 7565, p. 306.
[258] "Basileios 20178" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 186.
[259] "Basileios 20178" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 1750.
[260] "Basileios 20178" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 2836.
[261] Ioannes Kinnamos Liber V, 4, p. 209.
[262] Niketas Choniates, Imperiii Alexii Comneni fratris
Isaacii Angeli, Liber 2, 2, p. 642.
[263] "Basileios 20105" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 89.
[264] Sturdza (1999), p. 277.
[265] Rüdt-Collenberg (1968), p. 127.
[266] Niketas Choniates, 14.
[267] Rüdt-Collenberg (1968), p. 128, footnote 1.
[268] Niketas Choniates, 376.
[269] ES II 177.
[270] Bekker, I. (ed.) (1837) Constantinus Manasses, Ioel,
Georgius Acropolita, Corpus Scriptorum Historiæ Byzantinæ
(Bonn) ("Georgius Akropolites") 6, p. 13.
[271] "Eustathios 102" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 1753.
[272] "Eustathios 102" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 4683.
[273] Alexeiad, Book 8, p. 267.
[274] Alexeiad, Book 11, p. 348.
[275] Alexeiad, Book 14, p. 452.
[276] Zonaras XVIII, 27, p. 756.
[277] "Konstantinos 20111" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seals
390, 397.
[278] "Konstantinos 20111" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal
1751.
[279] "Manuel 20114" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 1752.
[280] "Manuel 20114" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 1752.
[281] Georgios Akropolites 12, p. 22.
[282] Fine (1994), pp. 31-2.
[283] Fine (1994), p. 30.
[284] Fine (1994), p. 32.
[285] Cedrenus II, col. 223.
[286] Cedrenus II, col. 222.
[287] Cedrenus II, col. 231.
[288] Skylitzes, col. 422.
[289] "Niketas 20259" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 4840.
[290] "Niketas 108" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3614.
[291] "Niketas 108" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3615.
[292] Alexeiad, Book 7, p. 233.
[293] Alexeiad, Book 12, p. 382.
[294] "Konstantinos 20106" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal
148.
[295] "Michael 20374" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3610.
[296] "Nikephoros 20170" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 2501.
[297] "Nikephoros 20156" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 1773.
[298] "Nikephoros 20154" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 1771.
[299] Niketas Choniates, Imperiii Andronici Comneni, Liber
1, 2, p. 365.
[300] "Demetrios 20118" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3928.
[301] "Leon 20339" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 4839.
[302] "Nikephoros 20155" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 1772.
[303] "Nikephoros 20192" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3616.
[304] "Nikephoros 20154" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 1770.
[305] "Eustathios Kastamonites" in PBW (2006.2), citing
Branouse, E. and Nystazopoulou-Pelekidou, M. (1980)
Βυζαντινὰ ἔγγραφα τῆς μονῆς Πάτμου 1. Αὐτοκρατορικά, 2.
Δημοσίων λειτουργῶν (Athens) Vol. 2, p. 92.16, 122.13.
[306] "Ioannes 20453" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 2843.
[307] "Konstantinos 222" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 1774.
[308] Cedrenus II, col. 263.
[309] Cedrenus II, col. 283.
[310] Cedrenus II, col. 363.
[311] Cedrenus II, cols. 363 and 366.
[312] Cedrenus II, cols. 363 and 366.
[313] Niebuhr, B. G. (ed.) (1853) Michael Attaliota, Corpus
Scriptorum Historiæ Byzantinæ (Bonn) ("Mikhael Attaliota"),
p. 56.
[314] Grégoire, H. Revue de l'instruction en Belgique 52
(1909), pp. 152-61, and Darrouzes, J. 'Demetrios and
Georgios Tornikes', Lettres et Discours (1972), cited by
Morris Bierbrier, in a private email to the author dated 6 Feb
2007.
[315] "Konstantinos 20335" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal
3365.
[316] "Michael 20385" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 4540.
[317] "Michael 20385" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3775.
[318] Alexeiad, Book 13, p. 414.
[319] Alexeiad, Book 13, p. 414.
[320] "Stephanos 20185" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3737.
[321] "Stephanos 20185" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 2577.
[322] "Stephanos 20104" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 76.
[323] Ioannes Kinnamos Liber III, 4, p. 97, and Liber V, 6, p.
217.
[324] Niketas Choniates, Liber II Rerum a Manuele Comneno
Gestarum, 2, p. 103.
[325] Ioannes Kinnamos Liber II, 3, p. 33.
[326] Ioannes Kinnamos Liber IV, 24, p. 199.
[327] Ioannes Kinnamos Liber V, 4, p. 208.
[328] "Ioannes 392" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 81.
[329] "Ioannes 392" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 4053.
[330] Ioannes Kinnamos Liber V, 5, p. 211.
[331] "Alexios 20117" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 4002.
[332] "Alexios 20119" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 4054.
[333] Ioannes Kinnamos Liber II, 3, p. 33.
[334] Ioannes Kinnamos Liber III, 4, p. 97, and Liber V, 6, p.
217.
[335] Niketas Choniates, Imperium Alexii Comneni
Porphyrogeniti Manuelis filii, 7, p. 313.
[336] "Andronikos 20132" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal
4055.
[337] Ioannes Kinnamos Liber V, 6, p. 217.
[338] Runciman (1978), Vol. 2, pp. 384-8.
[339] Ioannes Kinnamos Liber V, 4, p. 210.
[340] "Eudokia 20106" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 2545.
[341] "Isaakios 20111" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3929.
[342] "Nikephoros 132" in PBW (2006.2), citing Lefort, J.,
Oikonomidès, N., Papachryssanthou, D., Métrévéli, H.,
Kravari, V. (1985-1990) Actes d'Iviron, Actes de l'Athos XIV
and XVI, (Paris), 2.228.7 .
[343] "Nikephoros 150" in PBW (2006.2), citing Branouse, E.
and Nystazopoulou-Pelekidou, M. (1980) Βυζαντινὰ ἔγγραφα
τῆς μονῆς Πάτμου 1. Αὐτοκρατορικά, 2. Δημοσίων
λειτουργῶν (Athens) Vol. 2, p. 110.1, 116.16.
[344] Niketas Choniates, Imperiii Alexii Comneni fratris
Isaacii Angeli, Liber 2, 2, p. 642.
[345] Niketas Choniates, Imperiii Alexii Comneni fratris
Isaacii Angeli, Liber 1, 2, p. 605.
[346] Ephræmius 6440, p. 263.
[347] Niketas Choniates, Imperiii Alexii Comneni fratris
Isaacii Angeli, Liber 3, 2, p. 674.
[348] Schreiner, P. "Eine unbekannte Beschreibung der
Pammakaristos-kirche (Fethiye Camii) und weitere Texte zure
Topographie Konstantinopels," Dumbarton Oaks Papers 25
(1971), pp. 217-48, cited by MB in a private email to the
author dated 8 Nov 2006.
[349] Ioannes Kinnamos Liber III, 15, p. 124.
[350] Georgios Akropolites 40, p. 71.
[351] Georgios Akropolites 48, p. 94.
[352] "Georgios 20181" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 655.
[353] "Theodoros 20220" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 2736.
[354] Cedrenus II, col. 263.
[355] Niebuhr, B. G. (ed.) (1853) Michael Attaliota, Corpus
Scriptorum Historiæ Byzantinæ (Bonn) ("Mikhael Attaliota"),
p. 56.
[356] Psellos, p. 343.
[357] Niebuhr, B. G. (ed.) (1853) Michael Attaliota, Corpus
Scriptorum Historiæ Byzantinæ (Bonn) ("Mikhael Attaliota"),
p. 56.
[358] Nikephoros Bryennios Liber I, 6, p. 23.
[359] Psellos, p. 343, footnote 3.
[360] Psellos, pp. 348-9.
[361] Ioannes Kinnamos Liber II, 12, p. 67.
[362] "Maria 20107" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 662.
[363] "Maria 20108" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 663.
[364] "Theodoros 20131" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 671.
[365] "Theodoros 20130" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 670.
[366] "Theodoros 20132" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seals 672,
673.
[367] "Ioannes 20177" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 656.
[368] "Ioannes 20179" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 659.
[369] "Symeon 20109" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 668.
[370] "Symeon 20110" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 669.
[371] "Thomas 20104" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 675.
[372] "Leon 20127" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 661.
[373] "Michael 20158" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seals 665,
666.
[374] "Theodoros 20133" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 674.
[375] "Ioannes 20178" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seals 657,
658.
[376] "Ioannes 20176" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 653.
[377] "Ioannes 20180" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 660.
[378] "Eumathios 20102" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seals 651,
652.
[379] "Michael 20159" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 667.
[380] "Michael 20159" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 667.
[381] "Ioannes 20591" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 4500.
[382] "Paulos 20108" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 1832.
[383] "Michael 20250" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 1833.
[384] Sturdza (1999), p. 478.
[385] Niketas Choniates, Liber de Rebus post captam urbem
gestis, 16, p. 842.
[386] Nicol (1972), p. 169.
[387] Nicol (1972), pp. 167 and 169.
[388] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. I, I, 43, p. 209.
[389] Pseudo-Symeon, pp. 603-760, 630-2.
[390] Theophanes Continuatus, III, Theophili Michaelis filii
Imperium, 18, p. 108.
[391] Theophanes Continuatus, III, Theophili Michaelis filii
Imperium, 5, p. 90.
[392] Theophanes Continuatus, III, Theophili Michaelis filii
Imperium, 18, p. 107.
[393] Reiske, J. J. (ed.) (1829) Constantini Porphyrogeniti
Imperatoris De Ceremoniis Aulæ Byzantinæ, Corpus
Scriptorum Historiæ Byzantinæ (Bonn) Book II, ch. 42, p.
645.
[394] Theophanes Continuatus, III, Theophili Michaelis filii
Imperium, 18, p. 109.
[395] Cedrenus II, col. 78.
[396] Cedrenus II, col. 78.
[397] "Leon 20286" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3560.
[398] "Eugenios 20102" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3559.
[399] "Michael 20366" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seals 3561,
3562.
[400] "Theophano 20102" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3467.
[401] Ioannes Kinnamos Liber II, 18, p. 83.
[402] Georgios Akropolites 55 and 60, pp. 116 and 131.
[403] Gardner (1912), pp. 201, 212 and 231.
[404] Pachymeres Vol I, De Michaele Palaeologo, Liber I, 8,
p. 24.
[405] Pachymeres Vol I, De Michaele Palaeologo, Liber II,
13, p. 108.
[406] Georgios Akropolites 60, p. 131.
[407] Pachymeres Vol I, De Michaele Palaeologo, Liber I, 8,
p. 24.
[408] Pachymeres Vol I, De Michaele Palaeologo, Liber I, 8,
p. 24.
[409] Pachymeres Vol I, De Michaele Palaeologo, Liber II,
13, p. 109.
[410] Pachymeres Vol I, De Michaele Palaeologo, Liber I, 8,
p. 24.
[411] Pachymeres Vol I, De Michaele Palaeologo, Liber VI,
24, p. 484.
[412] Pachymeres Vol II, Andronicus Palæologus, Liber II,
26, pp. 180-1.
[413] "Leon 20216" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3344.
[414] Cedrenus II, col. 235.
[415] Cedrenus II, col. 199.
[416] "Leon 20119" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 381.
[417] "Leon 2103" in PBW (2006.2), citing 'Ἐπιτάφιος εἰς
Εἰρήνην καισάρισσαν', in Kurtz, E. and Drexl, F. (1936)
54
Michaelis Pselli Scripta minora magnam partem adhuc inedita
I (Milan), pp. 155-189, 159.
[418] "Leon 2103" in PBW (2006.2), citing 'Ἐπιτάφιος εἰς
Εἰρήνην καισάρισσαν', in Kurtz, E. and Drexl, F. (1936)
Michaelis Pselli Scripta minora magnam partem adhuc inedita
I (Milan), pp. 155-189, 159.
[419] REB 63 (2005), pp. 41-71.
[420] "Theodoros 20238" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3797.
[421] "Theodoros 20238" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3384.
[422] "Theodoros 20238" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3276.
[423] "Leon 20193" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 1902.
[424] "Leon 20193" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 1903.
[425] Morris Bierbrier, in a private email to the author dated 6
Feb 2007.
[426] Niketas Choniates, Liber II Rerum a Manuele Comneno
Gestarum, 4, p. 110.
[427] Ioannes Kinnamos Liber VII, 1, p. 292.
[428] "Anna 20111" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3033.
[429] Ioannes Kinnamos Liber VI, 3, p. 260.
[430] "Nikephoros 175" in PBW (2006.2), citing Lemerle, P.,
Dagron, G., Ćirković, S. (1982) Actes de Saint-Pantéléèmon,
Archives de l’Athos XII (Paris), p. 69.1 and 70.29.
[431] Georgios Akropolites 24, p. 42.
[432] Georgios Akropolites 24, p. 42.
[433] "Theodora 20113" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 4244.
[434] Georgios Akropolites 40, p. 71.
[435] Georgios Akropolites 49, p. 98.
[436] Ephræmius 8655, p. 348.
[437] Nicol (1994), p. 15.
[438] Fine (1994), p. 160.
[439] Nicol (1994), p. 16.
[440] Georgios Akropolites 49, p. 98.
[441] Georgios Akropolites 80, p. 177.
[442] Georgios Akropolites 49, p. 97.
[443] Sturdza (1999), p. 210.
[444] Charles I King of Sicily [Anjou-Capet] briefly
appointed the son of Philippe Chinard as captain of Corfu in
Jan 1267 after learning of Philippe's murder, see Miller
(1908), p. 515. This son must have been born from an earlier
marriage, unless he was illegitimate.
[445] Miller (1908), pp. 514-5.
[446] Georgios Akropolites 59, p. 126.
[447] Pachymeres Vol I, De Michaele Palaeologo, Liber III,
16, p. 206.
[448] Pachymeres Vol I, De Michaele Palaeologo, Liber III,
16, p. 206.
[449] Pachymeres Vol II, Andronicus Palæologus, Liber III,
9, p. 210.
[450] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. I, II, 29, p. 479.
[451] Pachymeres Vol I, De Michaele Palaeologo, Liber II,
13, pp. 109-10.
[452] Georgios Phrantzes Liber III, 1, p. 205.
[453] Bekker, I. (ed.) (1838) Theophanes Continuatus,
Ioannes Cameniata, Symeon Magister, Georgius Monachus
Continuatus, Corpus Scriptorum Historiæ Byzantinæ (Bonn)
("Symeon Magister") (referred to as Pseudo-Symeon in PBE I
CD-Rom), De Michaele et Theodora, 29, p. 668.
[454] Symeon Magister (referred to as Pseudo-Symeon in
PBE I CD-Rom), De Michaele et Theodora, 29, p. 668.
[455] Theophanes Continuatus, IV, Michaelis Theophili filii
Imperium, 22, p. 175.
[456] Symeon Magister (referred to as Pseudo-Symeon in
PBE I CD-Rom), De Michaele et Theodora, 29, p. 668.
[457] Laourdas, B. and Westerink, L. G. (1983-85) Photius,
Epistulæ 3 vols. (Leipzig), quoted in PBE I (CD-Rom).
[458] Laourdas, B. and Westerink, L. G. (1983-85) Photius,
Epistulæ 3 vols. (Leipzig) Ep. 234, quoted in PBE I (CD-
Rom).
[459] Laourdas, B. and Westerink, L. G. (1983-85) Photius,
Epistulæ 3 vols. (Leipzig) Ep. 234, quoted in PBE I (CD-
Rom).
[460] Laourdas, B. and Westerink, L. G. (1983-85) Photius,
Epistulæ 3 vols. (Leipzig) Ep. 135, 196, and 255, quoted in
PBE I (CD-Rom).
[461] Laourdas, B. and Westerink, L. G. (1983-85) Photius,
Epistulæ 3 vols. (Leipzig) Ep. 138, quoted in PBE I (CD-
Rom).
[462] Laourdas, B. and Westerink, L. G. (1983-85) Photius,
Epistulæ 3 vols. (Leipzig) Ep. 51, 55, 73, 145, 161, and 200,
quoted in PBE I (CD-Rom).
[463] Symeon Magister (referred to as Pseudo-Symeon in
PBE I CD-Rom), De Constantino Porphyrogenneto et
Romano Lecapeno, 52, p. 750.
[464] Symeon Magister (referred to as Pseudo-Symeon in
PBE I CD-Rom), De Constantino Porphyrogenneto et
Romano Lecapeno, 52, p. 750.
[465] Symeon Magister (referred to as Pseudo-Symeon in
PBE I CD-Rom), De Michaele et Theodora, 29, p. 668.
[466] Fassoulakis, S. (1973) The Byzantine Family of Raoul-
Ral[l]es, cited by Morris Bierbrier in a private email to the
author dated 6 Feb 2007.
[467] Alexeiad, Book 1, pp. 67-8.
[468] Sturdza (1999), p. 383.
[469] Alexeiad, Book 1, p. 68.
[470] Ioannes Kinnamos Liber III, 14, pp. 122-3, and 17, p.
178.
[471] Alexeiad, Book 12, p. 379.
[472] Ioannes Kinnamos Liber II, 3, p. 36.
[473] "Anna 20111" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3033.
[474] "Niketas 20122" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 454.
[475] "Manuel 20128" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3930.
[476] Georgios Akropolites 40, p. 71.
[477] Pachymeres Vol II, Andronicus Palæologus, Liber II,
19, p. 155.
[478] Georgios Akropolites 49, p. 99.
[479] Pachymeres Vol I, De Michaele Palaeologo, Liber I, 8,
p. 24.
[480] Pachymeres Vol I, De Michaele Palaeologo, Liber II,
13, p. 109.
[481] Georgios Akropolites 77, p. 171.
[482] Pachymeres Vol I, De Michaele Palaeologo, Liber II,
13, p. 108.
[483] Nicol (1994), pp. 35-6.
[484] Pachymeres Vol I, De Michaele Palaeologo, Liber II,
13, p. 108.
[485] Pachymeres Vol II, Andronicus Palæologus, Liber I, 26,
p. 69.
[486] Pachymeres Vol I, De Michaele Palaeologo, Liber VI,
16, p. 459, and 24, p. 484.
[487] Pachymeres Vol I, De Michaele Palaeologo, Liber VI,
16, p. 459, and 24, p. 484.
[488] Pachymeres Vol II, Andronicus Palæologus, Liber II,
18, p. 153.
[489] Pachymeres Vol II, Andronicus Palæologus, Liber II,
19, p. 155.
[490] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. I, I, 54, p. 273.
[491] Sturdza (1999), p. 383.
[492] Sturdza (1999), p. 383.
[493] Georgios Phrantzes Liber IV, 16, p. 393.
[494] Massarelli, A. Dell'Imperadori Constantinopolitani Vat.
Lat. 12127 f. 349v-353. [MB]
[495] Georgios Phrantzes Liber IV, 19, p. 410.
[496] Massarelli, A. Dell'Imperadori Constantinopolitani Vat.
Lat. 12127 f. 349v-353. [MB]
[497] Massarelli, A. Dell'Imperadori Constantinopolitani Vat.
Lat. 12127 f. 349v-353. [MB]
[498] Georgios Phrantzes Liber IV, 16, p. 393.
[499] "Ioannes 20390" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 2392.
[500] Georgios Akropolites 49, p. 97.
[501] "Alexios 20114" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3060.
[502] Georgios Akropolites 57, p. 120.
[503] Georgios Akropolites 77, p. 171.
[504] Georgios Akropolites 75, p. 165.
[505] Pachymeres Vol II, Andronicus Palæologus, Liber II,
19, p. 154.
[506] Pachymeres Vol II, Andronicus Palæologus, Liber II,
19, pp. 154-5.
[507] Pachymeres Vol II, Andronicus Palæologus, Liber I, 17,
p. 52.
[508] Morris Bierbrier, in a private email to the author dated 6
Feb 2007.
[509] "Nikephoros 20200" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3833.
[510] Cedrenus II, col. 259.
[511] "Basileios 20111" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 240.
[512] "Anonyma 12101" in PBW (2006.2), citing Zepos, I.
and Zepos, P. 'Πεῖρα Εὐσταθίου τοῦ ῾Ρωμαίου', Jus
Graecoromanum vol.4 (Athens 1931) 17.19.
[513] "Theodoulos 102" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3866.
[514] Skylitzes, col. 475.
[515] Skylitzes, col. 475. The Greek text is quoted in full in
Kerbl (1979), pp. 2-3, from Tsolakes, E.T. Tsolakes Ἡ
συνέχεια τῆς Χρονογραφίας τοῦ Ἰωάννου Σκυλίτση (Ioannes
Skylitzes Continuatus), Ἑταιρεία Μακεδονικῶν Σπουδῶν,
Ιδρυμα Μελετῶν Χερσονήσου τοῦ Αἵμου 105, Thessalonike
(1968), pp. 103-186, 185.
[516] Kerbl (1979), p. 1, citing Horvát, I. (1834) Tudományos
Gyüjtemény (Budapest), p. 95.
[517] Kerbl (1979), p. 1, citing Wertner, M. (1892) Az
Árpádok családi története (Nagy Becskerek), p. 186.
[518] Kerbl (1979), p. 1, citing Wertner, M. (1892) Az
Árpádok családi története (Nagy Becskerek), p. 186.
[519] Laurent, V. Chronologie, p. 246 (28), cited in Kerbl
(1979), p. 18.
[520] Kerbl (1979), pp. 15-16 and 18-19.
[521] Alexeiad, Book 2, p. 75.
[522] Alexeiad, Book 4, p. 148.
[523] Skylitzes, col. 458.
[524] Skylitzes, col. 458.
[525] "Ioannes 119" in PBW (2006.2), citing Synod of 1094
217.
[526] "Michael 20166" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 717.
[527] Sturdza (1999), p. 425.
[528] Schreiner, P. "Eine unbekannte Beschreibung der
Pammakaristos-kirche (Fethiye Camii) und weitere Texte zure
Topographie Konstantinopels," Dumbarton Oaks Papers 25
(1971), pp. 217-48, cited by MB in a private email to the
author dated 8 Nov 2006.
[529] Georgios Akropolites 23, p. 38.
[530] Pachymeres Vol I, De Michaele Palaeologo, Liber V,
27, p. 411.
[531] Nicol (1972), p. 70.
[532] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. I, I, 8, p. 37.
[533] Nicol (1972), pp. 163-4.
[534] Nicol (1972), p. 173.
[535] Nicol (1972), pp. 186-7.
[536] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. II, III, 11, p. 77.
[537] Nicol (1972), p. 200.
[538] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. I, I, 24, p. 125.
[539] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. I, I, 27, p. 133.
[540] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. I, I, 2, p. 118.
[541] Nicol (1972), p. 163.
[542] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. I, I, 22, p. 109.
[543] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. I, II, 4, p. 334.
[544] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. I, I, 24, p. 122.
[545] Nicol (1972), pp. 163 and 166.
[546] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. I, II, 4, p. 329.
[547] Nicol (1972), pp. 173 and 181.
[548] Nikephoros Gregoras Vol. II, Historiæ Byzantinæ XII,
15, p. 623.
[549] Rüdt-Collenberg, W. H. (1963) The Rupenides,
Hethumides and Lusignans, The Structure of the Armeno-
Cilician Dynasties (Paris, Librairie Klincksieck), p. 74, 179
ter.
[550] Rüdt-Collenberg (1963), p. 74, 179.
[551] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. I, II, 4, p. 333.
[552] Morris Bierbrier, in a private email to the author dated 6
Feb 2007.
[553] Giovanni Stefanelli of Mondragone, Caserta, in a
private email to the author dated 13 Aug 2006.
[554] "Joseph 20121" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3943.
[555] Skylitzes, col. 422.
[556] "Katakalon 61" in PBW (2006.2), citing Gautier, P.
(1975) Nicéphore Bryennios: Histoire. Introduction, texte,
traduction et notes (Brussels) 201.22.
[557] "Katakalon 61" in PBW (2006.2), citing Gautier, P.
(1975) Nicéphore Bryennios: Histoire. Introduction, texte,
traduction et notes (Brussels) 201.22.
[558] "Katakalon 61" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seals 3951,
3953, 3954.
[559] "Katakalon 61" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3952.
[560] Alexeiad, Book 1, p. 40.
[561] "Michael 20394" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seals 3948,
3949.
[562] "Michael 20114" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 176.
[563] "Basileios 20265" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3944.
[564] "Basileios 20265" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3945.
[565] "Basileios 20265" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3736.
[566] "Basileios 20265" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3946.
[567] "Basileios 112" in PBW (2006.2), citing Skylitzes
494.36.
[568] "Gregorios 20156" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3955.
[569] "Gregorios 20157" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3956.
[570] "Gregorios 20157" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3957.
[571] Schreiner, P. "Eine unbekannte Beschreibung der
Pammakaristos-kirche (Fethiye Camii) und weitere Texte zure
Topographie Konstantinopels," Dumbarton Oaks Papers 25
(1971), pp. 217-48, cited by MB in a private email to the
author dated 8 Nov 2006.
[572] "Michael 20395" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3958.
[573] "Konstantinos 20448" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal
4864.
[574] "Ioannes 20539" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3860.
[575] "Makarios 20102" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3961.
[576] "Konstantinos 20384" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal
3950.
[577] "Ioannes 20540" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3962.
[578] Nikephoros Bryennios Liber III, 67, p. 109.
[579] "Ioannes 20534" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3879.
[580] "Ioannes 20539" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seals 3964,
3965, 3966.
[581] "Ioannes 20332" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seals 1970,
3963.
[582] Georgios Akropolites 40, p. 71.
[583] Georgios Akropolites 23, p. 38.
[584] Georgios Akropolites 40, p. 71.
[585] Georgios Akropolites 36, p. 60.
[586] Ephræmius 8255, p. 332.
[587] Bekker, I. (ed.) (1839) Codinus Curopalates, Corpus
Scriptorum Historiæ Byzantinæ (Berlin) ("Codinus
Curopalates") II, p. 8.
[588] Pachymeres Vol II, Andronicus Palæologus, Liber I, 12,
p. 38.
[589] Pachymeres Vol II, Andronicus Palæologus, Liber I, 12,
p. 38.
[590] Pachymeres Vol I, De Michaele Palaeologo, Liber IV,
18, p. 292.
[591] Pachymeres Vol I, De Michaele Palaeologo, Liber IV,
19, p. 296.
[592] Pachymeres Vol I, De Michaele Palaeologo, Liber I, 12,
p. 34.
[593] Pachymeres Vol II, Andronicus Palæologus, Liber I, 12,
p. 38.
[594] Pachymeres Vol I, De Michaele Palaeologo, Liber II,
13, p. 109.
[595] Pachymeres Vol I, De Michaele Palaeologo, Liber III,
16, p. 205.
[596] Codinus Curopalates II, p. 8.
[597] Nicol (1972), p. 70.
[598] Nicol (1972), p. 122.
[599] Pachymeres Vol I, De Michaele Palaeologo, Liber III,
16, p. 206.
[600] Pachymeres Vol II, Andronicus Palæologus, Liber III,
9, p. 210.
[601] Pachymeres Vol II, Andronicus Palæologus, Liber III,
9, p. 214.
[602] Pachymeres Vol II, Andronicus Palæologus, Liber I, 26,
p. 69.
[603] Pachymeres Vol II, Andronicus Palæologus, Liber III,
9, p. 210.
[604] Nicol (1972), p. 132.
[605] Nicol (1972), p. 166.
[606] Pachymeres Vol II, Andronicus Palæologus, Liber III,
9, p. 214.
[607] Pachymeres Vol II, Andronicus Palæologus, Liber III,
11, p. 226.
[608] Pachymeres Vol I, De Michaele Palaeologo, Liber II,
13, p. 109.
[609] Pachymeres Vol I, De Michaele Palaeologo, Liber IV,
26, p. 308.
[610] Sturdza (1999), p. 211.
[611] Pachymeres Vol I, De Michaele Palaeologo, Liber II,
13, p. 109.
[612] Pachymeres Vol II, Andronicus Palæologus, Liber I, 12,
p. 38.
[613] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. I, II, 8, p. 362.
[614] Pachymeres Vol II, Andronicus Palæologus, Liber V,
28, p. 445.
55
[615] Nicol (1972), p. 123.
[616] Nikephoros Gregoras Vol. II, Historiæ Byzantinæ XII,
16, p. 626.
[617] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. II, III, 10, p. 72.
[618] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. III, IV, 26, p. 196.
[619] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. III, IV, 30, p. 221.
[620] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. III, IV, 32, p. 237.
[621] Garsoïan, Nina 'The Byzantine Annexation of the
Armenian Kingdoms in the Eleventh Century', Hovannisian,
R. G. (ed.) (2004) Armenian People from Ancient to Modern
Times, Vol I (St Martin's Press, New York), p. 189.
[622] Rüdt-Collenberg (1979), p. 125, footnote 30, citing
Adontz, N. 'Les Taronites en Arménie et à Byzance',
Byzantion, IX, X, and XI.
[623] Bekker, I. (ed.) (1840) Constantini Porphyrogeniti De
Thematibus et De Administrando Imperio, Corpus Scriptorum
Historiæ Byzantinæ (Bonn) 43, p. 184.
[624] Garsoïan 'The Byzantine Annexation of the Armenian
Kingdoms in the Eleventh Century' (2004), p. 189.
[625] Cedrenus II, col. 107.
[626] Adontz, N. (1965) Etudes arméno-byzantines
(Fondation Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisbon) ´Observations sur la
généalogie des Taronites: réponse au R. P. V. Laurent´, p. 339
(first published in Byzantion 1939).
[627] Cedrenus II, col. 182.
[628] Cedrenus II, col. 182.
[629] Cedrenus II, col. 183.
[630] Fine, J. V. A. (1991) The Early Medieval Balkans, A
Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century
(Ann Arbour, University of Michigan Press), p. 195, and
Cedrenus II, col. 183.
[631] Cedrenus II, col. 183.
[632] Prokić, V. B. (1906) Die Zusätze in der Handschrift des
Iohannes Skylitzes (München), p. 29, s. 14, cited by Adontz
(1938), p. 52.
[633] Adontz (1965) ´Observations sur la généalogie des
Taronites´, p. 339.
[634] Cedrenus II, col. 107.
[635] Adontz (1965) ´Observations sur la généalogie des
Taronites´, p. 339.
[636] "Pankratios 12101" in PBW (2006.02), citing Schmink,
A. 'Vier eherechtliche Entscheidungen aus dem 11.
Jahrhundert', Fontes Minores 3 (1979) 221-279, II, 11-12.
[637] "Pankratios 12101" in PBW (2006.02), citing Schmink,
A. 'Vier eherechtliche Entscheidungen aus dem 11.
Jahrhundert', Fontes Minores 3 (1979) 221-279, II, 11-12, 17-
18.
[638] Adontz (1965) ´Observations sur la généalogie des
Taronites´, p. 339.
[639] Adontz (1965) ´Observations sur la généalogie des
Taronites´, p. 339.
[640] Adontz (1965) ´Observations sur la généalogie des
Taronites´, p. 339.
[641] "Pankratios 12101" in PBW (2006.02), citing Schmink,
A. 'Vier eherechtliche Entscheidungen aus dem 11.
Jahrhundert', Fontes Minores 3 (1979) 221-279, II, 23-24.
[642] "Gregorios 102" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3746.
[643] Cedrenus II, col. 263.
[644] "Gregorios 20131" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 2738.
[645] Alexeiad, Book 12, p. 387.
[646] Nikephoros Bryennios Liber I, 11, p. 32.
[647] Alexeiad, Book 3, IV, p. 112.
[648] Codinus Curopalates II, p. 7.
[649] Alexeiad, Book 9, pp. 285-6.
[650] REB 63 (2005), pp. 41-71.
[651] Private e-mail to the author, dated 14 Aug 2006.
[652] Nikephoros Bryennios Liber I, 2, p. 19.
[653] Nikephoros Bryennios Liber I, 6, p. 24.
[654] Alexeiad, Book 3, I, p. 103.
[655] Alexeiad, Book 3, IV, p. 112.
[656] REB 63 (2005), pp. 41-71.
[657] Alexeiad, Book 3, p. 103.
[658] Alexeiad, Book 10, p. 298.
[659] Leroy-Molinghen, A. ´Les deux Jean Taronite de l
´Alexeiade´, Byzantion 14 (1939), p. 150, citing Montfaucon,
B. de (1715) Bibliotheca Coisliana olim Segueriana (Paris),
reproduced in Migne Patrologia Græca Tome CXXVII, pp.
972-3.
[660] "Ioannes 20174" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 611.
[661] "Konstantinos 130" in PBW (2006.2), citing
Theophylact of Ohrid 191.13.
[662] Alexeiad, Book 12, p. 387.
[663] Niketas Choniates, De Iohanne Comneno, 3, p. 13.
[664] Leo Allatius (1648) De Ecclesiæ occidentalis atque
orientalis perpetua consensione (Cologne), Tome II, chap.
XII, col. 684, cited in Leroy-Molinghen, A. ´Les deux Jean
Taronite de l´Alexeiade´, Byzantion 14 (1939), p. 152 note 5.
[665] RHC (1881) Historiens Grecs (Paris), Tome II, pp. 288-
93, 292.
[666] Rüdt-Collenberg (1975), p. 125, footnote 30.
[667] ES II 177.
[668] Chuat, J. C. (2006) De Chemins en Jalons, Vol. II.
Jalons vers l´antiquité (privately published by the author), pp.
21-2.
[669] Alexeiad, Book 12, p. 387.
[670] "Gregorios 20131" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 1971.
[671] "Gregorios 20110" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 867.
[672] "Gregorios 20132" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seals 1972,
1973, 3747.
[673] "Gregorios 20142" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seals 1974,
3748.
[674] "Gregorios 106" in PBW (2006.2), citing Theophylact
of Ohrid 363.1.
[675] Alexeiad, Book 12, VII, p. 386.
[676] Alexeiad, Book 12, VIII, pp. 387-8.
[677] Alexeiad, Book 13, I, p. 395.
[678] Leroy-Molinghen, A. ´Les deux Jean Taronite de l [737] Pachymeres Vol I, De Michaele Palaeologo, Liber III,
´Alexeiade´, Byzantion 14 (1939), pp. 147-53. 27, p. 243.
[679] Leroy-Molinghen, A. ´Les deux Jean Taronite de l [738] Georgios Akropolites 49, p. 97.
´Alexeiade´, Byzantion 14 (1939), p. 150, citing Montfaucon, [739] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. I, I, 11, p. 54.
B. de (1715) Bibliotheca Coisliana olim Segueriana (Paris), [740] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. I, I, 11, p. 54.
reproduced in Migne Patrologia Græca Tome CXXVII, pp. [741] Ioannes Kantakouzenos Vol. I, I, 51, p. 263.
972-3.
[680] "Theodoros 190" in PBW (2006.2), citing Branouse, E.
and Nystazopoulou-Pelekidou, M. (1980) Βυζαντινὰ ἔγγραφα
τῆς μονῆς Πάτμου 1. Αὐτοκρατορικά, 2. Δημοσίων
λειτουργῶν (Athens) Vol. 2, p. 93.25.
[681] Darrouzes, J. 'Demetrios and Georgios Tornikes',
Lettres et Discours (1972) (not yet consulted), cited by Morris
Bierbrier, in a private email to the author dated 6 Feb 2007.
[682] Konstantinos Porphyrogenitos De Administrando
Imperio 43, p. 190.
[683] Theophanes Continuatus De Constantino
Porphyrogenito 2, p. 437.
[684] Cedrenus II, col. 58.
[685] Konstantinos Porphyrogenitos De Ceremoniis Aulæ
Byzantinæ, I, 96, p. 435.
[686] Theophanes Continuatus De Constantino
Porphyrogenito 2, p. 437.
[687] Cedrenus II, col. 58.
[688] Lupus Protospatarius 1017, MGH SS V, p. 57.
[689] "Michael 20381" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3697.
[690] "Michael 20318" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 3699.
[691] "Michael 20318" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 2780.
[692] Zonaras XVII, 23, p. 625.
[693] Psellos, pp. 205-219.
[694] Cedrenus II, cols. 295-6 and 298.
[695] Dulaurier, E. (trans.) (1858) Chronique de Matthieu d
´Edesse avec la continuation de Grégoire le Prêtre (Paris)
("Matthew of Edessa (Dulaurier)"), I, LXXII, p. 82.
[696] Muratori, L. A. (ed.) (1724) Anonymi Barensis
Chronicon, Rerum Italicarum scriptores V (Milan), p. 151,
cited in PBW (2006.2).
[697] "Romanos 20135" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seals 2858,
2859.
[698] "Romanos 20134" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 2857.
[699] "Georgios 20150" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 1986.
[700] Psellos, p. 205.
[701] Zonaras XVII, 23, p. 625.
[702] Alexeiad, Book 1, p. 50.
[703] "Niketas 20170" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 1988.
[704] "Ioannes 20639" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 4867.
[705] "Michael 20143" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 498.
[706] Niketas Choniates, Imperium Alexii Comneni
Porphyrogeniti Manuelis filii, 16, p. 345.
[707] "Demetrios 20120" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal 4034.
[708] Adontz (1965) ´Les Taronites en Arménie et à Byzance
´, p. 258.
[709] "Konstantinos 20248" in PBW (2006.2), citing Seal
1987.
[710] Niketas Choniates, De Alexio Isaacii Angeli, III, p. 696.
[711] "Konstantinos 216" in PBW (2006.2), citing Branouse,
E. and Nystazopoulou-Pelekidou, M. (1980) Βυζαντινὰ
ἔγγραφα τῆς μονῆς Πάτμου 1. Αὐτοκρατορικά, 2. Δημοσίων
λειτουργῶν (Athens) Vol. 2, p. 131.14.
[712] Niketas Choniates, Urbs Capta, p. 848.
[713] Darrouzès, ´Les discours d´Euthyme Tornikes´, Revue
des études byzantines 26 (1968), pp. 92 and 108 (information
supplied by Don C. Stone in a private email to the author
dated 7 May 2010).
[714] Niketas Choniates, Urbs Capta, p. 848.
[715] Varzos, K. (1984) He Genealogia ton Komnenon, 1, p.
476 (information supplied by Don C. Stone in a private email
to the author dated 7 May 2010).
[716] Adontz (1965) ´Les Taronites en Arménie et à Byzance
´, p. 258.
[717] Georgios Akropolites 40, p. 71.
[718] Darrouzès, ´Les discours d´Euthyme Tornikes´, REB 26
(1968), pp. 92 and 108 (information supplied by Don C. Stone
in a private email to the author dated 7 May 2010).
[719] Boehmer, F. (1868) Fontes rerum Germanicarum, Vol.
IV, p. 323.
[720] Hiestand, R. Jarhbuch für österreichischen Byzantinistik
47 (1997), pp. 199-208.
[721] "Konstantinos 216" in PBW (2006.2), citing Branouse,
E. and Nystazopoulou-Pelekidou, M. (1980) Βυζαντινὰ
ἔγγραφα τῆς μονῆς Πάτμου 1. Αὐτοκρατορικά, 2. Δημοσίων
λειτουργῶν (Athens) Vol. 2, p. 131.14.
[722] Stone, D. C. & Owens, C. R. (2010) Eirene (?)
Tornikaina, First Wife of Emperor Isaakios II Angelos (pre-
publication draft sent to Medieval Lands by the authors 4 May
2010).
[723] Adontz (1965) ´Les Taronites en Arménie et à Byzance
´, p. 258.
[724] Georgios Akropolites 40, p. 71.
[725] Georgios Akropolites 50, p. 100.
[726] Georgios Akropolites 50, p. 100.
[727] Georgios Akropolites 57, p. 120.
[728] Georgios Akropolites 75, p. 165.
[729] Pachymeres Vol I, De Michaele Palaeologo, Liber II, 5,
p. 97.
[730] Ephræmius 9430, p. 377.
[731] When her husband married his second wife.
[732] Pachymeres Vol I, De Michaele Palaeologo, Liber III,
21, p. 216.
[733] ES III 198.
[734] MB in a private email to the author dated 10 Dec 2006.
[735] Brosset, M.-F. (trans.) (1849) Histoire de la Géorgie
Vol. I (St Petersburg) ("Georgian Chronicle (18th century)"),
p. 610.
[736] Pachymeres Vol I, De Michaele Palaeologo, Liber II,
13, p. 108.
56