You and the Natural World Science Matter 7) CuSO4 ∙ 5 H2O

Chapter 5 The Mole Concept 8) If 10 grams of hydrated salt, MgSO4 ∙ H2O

5.1 The Mole loses 5.12 grams of water of hydration upon
Find the number of individual atoms. heating, find the percentage of water of
1) one molecule of ammonia, NH3 hydration.
2) one dozen of ammonia, NH3 9) Four grams (4.0 g) of sulfur combine with 6.0
3) one mole ammonia, NH3 g of oxygen. What is the percentage
4) one molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) composition of the compound?
5) one mole of glucose (C6H12O6) 10) When 6.2 g of phosphorus was combined
5.2 Molar Mass with oxygen 14.2 g of the oxide compound of
Find the molar mass of the following phosphorus was produced. What is the
elements or compounds. Express your answers in percentage composition of the compound
g/mol. A. Completion. Write the correct answer.
1) Al One dozen of carbon dioxide is
2) Cu equal to (1) _____________ CO2 molecules.
3) MgCl2 In one dozen CO2 molecules, there is a total
4) C2H4 of (2) ______________ atoms consisting of
5) NH4Cl (3) _________________ carbon atoms and
6) C12H22O11 (4) __________________ oxygen atoms.
5.3 Molar Mass and Avogadro’s Number One mole of carbon dioxide
1) How many grams are there in three moles of molecules is equal to (5) _______________
calcium chloride, CaCl2? carbon dioxide molecules. In one mole of
2) Between each of the given pair, which has CO2 molecules, there is a total (6)
the greater number of particles (atoms, _______________ atoms consisting of (7)
molecules, and ions)? Show your solution. _______________ C atoms and (8)
a) 27 g aluminum, Al or 4 g helium, He ________________ oxygen atoms.
b) 2 moles sodium chloride, NaCl or B. Problem Solving
18 g water, H2O 1) Sodium hydroxide, NaOH is used in
c) 10 g hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 or 20 soap making. If a manufacturer
g methane, CH4 produces about 1 x 1013 g of
d) 14g iron (III) oxide, Fe2O3 or 14 g sodium hydroxide, how many
uranium, U formula units of this compound are
e) 0.5 mole methane, CH4 or 10 g made available to the consumer?
ethyne, C2H2 2) It seems incredible that 1 mole of
5.4 Percentage Composition hydrogen gas (H2) could weigh only
Find the percentage composition of the 2.0 g. What is the mass of 1
following: molecule of hydrogen gas?
1) Mg(OH)2 3) Let us suppose that one mole of
2) Fe2(CO3)3 feathers weighs 1 x 1022 g. How
3) C3H5(NO2)3 many feathers will be present in 1 x
4) C4H8 103 g of feathers?
5) Na2SO4 4) The smell of rotten egg is caused
Find the percentage of the hydrate in: by hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas. How
6) CaSO4 ∙ 2 H2O many grams of hydrogen sulfide is
 contained in 0.40 mole? How many 6.2 Why and How Atoms Combine: Electron
grams of hydrogen and sulfur? Transfer
5) What mass of sulfur contains the 1) Show the ionic bond formation between the
same number of moles as there are given elements. Predict the formula of the
in 10.0 g in Fe? compound.
6) What mass of calcium chloride Ionic Bond
Given Formula
(CaCl2) contains the same number Formation
of calcium atoms as 100 g of a) Ca and S
calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)? b) Al and S
c) Li and O
7) What is the percentage composition
d) Na and N
of nitrogen in NaC5H8NO4 e) K and Cl
(monosodium glutamate or vetsin) 2) Use the periodic table to compare the
8) What is the percentage of hydration ionization energies of the pair of elements in
in C45H69N11 ∙ 3 H2O? a given question 1.
9) Compare the percentage of N in 6.3 Why and How Atoms Combine: Electron
NO and NO2. Sharing
10) If 4 g of sulfur combines with 6 Using LEDS, show the covalent bond
grams of oxygen, what is the formation in:
percentage composition of the a) SiH4
atoms in the compound? b) PCl3
Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding c) CH4
6.1 Revisiting the Periodic Table and Periodic d) NF3
Properties e) ClBr
Given the following elements: f) H2O
Na, C, N, Si, F 6.4 Electronegativity Values versus Type of
1) Write the electronic configuration of each, Bonding
2) Use the chart to identify the position of the Given the following pairs of elements, predict
elements in the periodic table. which pair will form an ionic bond, a polar covalent, or
Group a non-polar covalent bond. What is the basis of your
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 prediction?
1 a) K and Cl
Period

2
b) Cl and Br
3
4 c) Ca and O
3) Arrange the elements in order of increasing d) C and O
atomic size. e) Al and S
4) Which element has the smallest radius? the f) Br and Br
largest radius? 6.5 Ions and Ionic Compounds
5) Which element has the highest ionization 6.6 Covalent Compounds: Properties, Formulas,
energy? the lower ionization energy? and Others
6) Which element is the most electronegative? 1) Give three properties of covalent
the least electronegative? compounds.
2) Predict the formula of the covalent
compounds that form between:
a) P and F
 b) Se and H 14) It can form an ionic bond with atom B.
c) Br and I 15) It can form a single covalent bond with itself.
d) As and H B. Ionic Bonds. Show the ionic bond formation
e) C and I of the following pair of elements. Predict the
3) Give the empirical formula of the following formula of the compound.
compounds: 16) Al and S
a) C2H4O2 acetic acid 17) Ba and O
b) C4H10 butane C. Covalent Bonds. Show the covalent bond
c) C5H10 pentene formation in:
d) H2O2 hydrogen peroxide 18) SO3
e) C8H10 octane 19) SC4-2
4) Write the Lewis structure and predict the You and the Natural World Chemistry
molecular geometry of the following: Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding
a) PF3 6.1 Why Do Atoms Combine?
b) CS2 Predict whether the bond between then
c) ClO2 following pairs of elements will be ionic, polar, or
d) NSF nonpolar.
e) SF4 1) C and Cl
f) SO4-2 2) F and F
A. Multiple Choice. For numbers 1 – 5 chose 3) O and F
from the following options: 4) Mg and Cl
a. ionic bond 5) Na and O
b. pure covalent bond 6) Cl and Cl
c. hydrogen bonding 7) O and H
d. polar bond 8) Al and S
1) Bond in Al2O3 9) N and O
2) Bond in oxygen molecule (O2) 10) Na and F
3) Bond formed by magnesium and oxygen 1) Write the Lewis electron dot structure
4) Bond formed between water molecules (LEDS) of the following:
5) Bond between hydrogen and oxygen (H – O) a) S
For numbers 6 – 15, refer to the following b) K
electronic configurations: c) I
a. A – 1s22s1 d) Si
b. B – 1s22s22p5 e) Br
c. C – 1s22s22p3 f) Ar
d. D – 1s22s22p6 2) Given the following pairs of elements, predict
6) It is a metal. which pair will form an ionic bond, a polar
7) It is a noble gas. covalent, or a nonpolar covalent bond.
8) It can form a cation. a) K and Cl
9) It can form ionic bond with A. b) Cl and Br
10) It has seven valence electrons. c) Ca and O
11) It will unlikely form a compound. d) C and O
12) It can form three covalent bonds. e) Al and S
13) It can form a triple bond with itself. f) Br and Br
3) Show the ionic bond formation between:
a) Ca and S
b) Al and Cl
c) Mg and O
d) Li and Br
e) K and O
4) Show the covalent bond formation between:
a) SiH4
b) PCl3
c) CH4
d) NF3
e) ClBr