Homework 6 MATH2023 Homework 6 MATH2023

Exercise 14.1 Exercise 14.2

Qu. 17 By symmetry Qu. 12
ZZ p Z aZ a p
ZZ
2 3
a2 − y 2 dA = a2 − y 2 dxdy
(4x y − x + 5) dA 0 y
T
x2 +y 2 61 Z a p
= 0 + 0 + 5 × (area of disk with radius 1) = 5π. = (a − y) a2 − y 2 dy
0
Z a p Z a p
2 3
The first two terms of the integral equal to 0 because 4x y is odd function in y and x is odd =a (a2 − y 2 ) a2 − y 2 dy − y a2 − y 2 dy
0 0
function in x. a
πa2 1
Z
1

(see also page 15) =a· + (a2 − y 2 ) 2 d(a2 − y 2 )

4 2 0
a
π 3 12 2 3

= a + (a − y 2 ) 2 
4 23
Qu. 22

0
 
π 1
a3 .
ZZ p
= −
b2 − y 2 dA 4 3
R

= volume of the quarter cylinder shown in the figure.

1
= (πb2 ) · a
4
1
= πab2 .
4

Qu. 18 The domain of integration:

1
from y = x to y = x 3
from x = 0 to x = 1
1
Z 1Z x3 p
1 − y 4 dydx
0 x
ZZ p
= 1 − y 4 dA (R as shown)
R
Z 1Z y3 p
= 1 − y 4 dxdy
0 y
Z 1 p Z 1 p
= y 1 − y 4 dy − y3 1 − y 4 dy
0 0
1 1
1 1
Z p Z
1
= 1 − u2 du + (1 − y 4 ) 2 d(−y 4 ), let u = y 2 , then du = 2ydy
2 0 4 0

3 1

1 π 1 2(1 − y 4 ) 2 
= ( × 12 ) +
2 4 4 3


0

π 1
= − .
8 6

–1– –2–
 Homework 6 MATH2023 Homework 6 MATH2023

Qu. 22 (see also page 15) Qu. 30 Since F ′ (x) = f (x) and G′ (x) = g(x) on a 6 x 6 b, we have

ZZ
I1 = f (x)g(y) dA
T
Z bZ x
= f (x)g(y) dydx
a a
z1 = 1 − y 2 and z2 = x2 intersect on the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 1. The volume lying below Z b Z x 
z = 1 − y 2 and above z = x2 is = f (x) G′ (y) dy dx
a a
ZZ
b
V = (z1 − z2 ) dA
Z
= f (x)[G(x) − G(a)] dx
x2 +y 2 61 a
ZZ Z b Z b
= (1 − y 2 − x2 ) dA = f (x)G(x) dx − G(a) f (x) dx
a a
x2 +y 2 61
Z b
√
Z 1Z 1−x2 = f (x)G(x) dx − G(a)F (b) + G(a)F (a).
2 2
=4 (1 − x − y ) dydx a
0 0
√
 1−x2 OR
1
y 3 
Z 
=4 (1 − x2 )y − dx
3 

0 ZZ
0
1
I2 = f (x)g(y) dA
8
Z
3
= (1 − x2 ) 2 dx, let x = sin u, then dx = cos u du T
3 0 Z bZ b
π
8 = f (x)g(y) dxdy
Z 2
4
= cos u du a y
3 0 !
π
Z b Z b
2
Z 2
= g(y) f (x) dx dy
= (1 + cos 2u)2 du a y
3 0
π Z b
2 1 + cos 4u
Z 2
= (1 + 2 cos 2u + ) du = g(y) [F (b) − F (y)] dy
3 0 2 a
b
2 3 π
Z
= × × = F (b)G(b) − F (b)G(a) − F (y)g(y) dx.
3 2 2 a
π
= .
2 I1 = I2 , thus
Z b Z b
Alternatively, using polar, we have
f (x)G(x) dx = F (b)G(b) − F (a)G(a) − F (y)g(y) dy.
 1 a a
Z 2πZ 1  2 4
r r  π
V = (1 − r 2 )r drdθ = 2π −  = .
0 0 2 4  2
0

–3– –4–
 Homework 6 MATH2023 Homework 6 MATH2023
3 1
Exercise 14.3
Z Z
Qu. |x| sin πy dydx.
−2 0
Qu. 4
Z 1Z 2x
1 1
ZZ
√ dA = √ dy
x y 0 x x y
3
T
√ 1 √
2x − x
Z
2
=2 dx
z 1
-2
0 x
-1 Z 1
0
0
√ 1
0.2 = 2( 2 − 1) √ dx
0.4 1 x
0 x
y
0.6
2 √
0.8 = 4( 2 − 1) (converges) (why!!).
13

This is the volume of the region bounded by z = |x| sin πy, the xy-plane, and the planes
x = −2, x = 3, y = 0 and y = 1. The volume is
Qu. 5
Z 3 Z 1
x2 + y 2 x2
ZZ ZZ
V = |x| sin πy dydx dA = 2 dA (by symmetry)
−2 0 (1 + x2 )(1 + y 2 ) (1 + x2 )(1 + y 2 )
1 Q Q
3
|x|
Z 
= − cos πy  dx ∞
x2 ∞
1
 Z Z
−2 π  =2 dx × dy
0
0 1 + x2 0 1 + y2
3
2
Z
∞
x2
Z
= |x| dx. =π dx
−2 π 1 + x2
0

At this point we use the definition of absolute value to split this into two quantities which diverges to infinity, since
0 3
2 2
Z Z
x2 1
V = − x dx + x dx > on [1, ∞)
−2 π 0 π 1 + x2 2
4 9
= + or
π π
13 x2
= . →1 as x → ∞.
π 1 + x2

(see also page 15)

–5– –6–
 Homework 6 MATH2023 Homework 6 MATH2023

Qu. 21 Qu. 30 If R = {(x, y)  a 6 x 6 a + h, b 6 y 6 b + k}

Z 1Z 1
x−y x−y
ZZ
dA = dydx, let u = x + y, then du = dy ZZ Z a+hZ b+k
(x + y)3 0 0 (x + y)3 fxy (x, y) dA = fxy (x, y) dydx
S
0 b
Z 1Z x+1 R
2x − u
= dudx Z a+h
0 u3
x = [fx (x, b + k) − fx (x, b)] dx
 x+1 a
Z 1
1 x 
= − 2  dx = f (a + h, b + k) − f (a, b + k) − f (a + h, b) + f (a, b).
0 u u 
x
1 Similarly,
1 1
Z
= dx = .
0 (1 + x)2 2 ZZ Z b+kZ a+h
fyx (x, y) dA = fyx (x, y) dxdy
other iteration: b a
R
Z 1Z 1
x−y x−y
ZZ
dA = dxdy, let u = x + y, then du = dy = f (a + h, b + k) − f (a + h, b) − f (a, b + k) + f (a, b).
(x + y)3 0 0 (x + y)3
S
Z 1Z y+1 Thus
u − 2y
= dudy
u3
ZZ ZZ
0 y
fxy (x, y) dA = fyx (x, y) dA.
Z 1  y+1 R R
y 1 
= − dy
u2 u 

0
y
Divide both sides of this identity by hk and let (h, k) → (0, 0) to obtain, using the mean-value
1
1 1
Z
=− dy = − . theorem,
0 (1 + y)2 2
fxy (a, b) = fyx (a, b).

These seemingly contradictory results are explained by the fact that the given double integral
is improper and does not, in fact, exist, that is, it does not converge. To see this, we calculate
the integral over a certain subset of the square S, namely the triangle T defined by 0 < x < 1,
0<y<x
Z 1Z x
x−y x−y
ZZ
dA = dydx, let u = x + y, then du = dy
(x + y)3 0 0 (x + y)3
T
Z 1Z 2x
2x − u
= dudx
0 xu3
Z 1  2x
1 x 
= − 2  dx
0 u u 
x
100
1
1
Z
dx 50
= z
4 0 x 0
1
-50
0.8
which diverges to infinity. -100
1 0.6
0.8
0.6 0.4 x
0.4
y 0.2
0.2
00

–7– –8–
 Homework 6 MATH2023 Homework 6 MATH2023

Exercise 14.4 Qu. 22

Qu. 11 x2 + y 2 + z 2 = a2

a This is a sphere centre at (0, 0, 0) with radius a. In cylind. coord. r 2 + z 2 = a2

ZZ Z π3 Z
(x + y) dA = (r cos θ + r sin θ)r drdθ
0 0  a 2  a 2
S x2 + y 2 = ax ⇒ x− + y2 = .
π
a 2 2
r3
Z 3

= (cos θ + sin θ) dθ
 a
3
 a
0 
0
This is a cylinder centre at , 0 with radius .
2 2
 π3
a3  In polar coord. r = a cos θ.
= [sin θ − cos θ]

3  By symmetry, one quarter of the required
0
√ volume lies in the first octant.
( 3 + 1) 3
= a .
6

(see also page 15)

Qu. 14
ZZ p
ZZ Z 2πZ 1 V =4 a2 − x2 − y 2 dA
2 2 2
ln(x + y ) dA = (ln r ) · r drdθ D
0 0+
x2 +y 2 61 Z π Z a cos θ
2 p
Z 1 =4 a2 − r 2 · r dr
= 4π r ln r dr 0 0
0+ π
a cos θ
4
Z 2
Z
1

1  =− (a2 − r 2 ) 2 d(a2 − r 2 )
r2  Z 1 2
r 1  2 0 0
= 4π  ln r  − dr

2 + 0 2 r
Z π
2 2 2 a cos θ
0 = −2 (a − r 2 )3/2  dθ

  0 3 0
1
= 4π 0 − 0 − 4
Z π2 
4

3
= − a3 |sin θ| − 1 dθ
3 0
= −π.
Z π
4 3 2 π
= a (1 − sin3 θ) dθ since sin θ > 0 for 06θ6
3 0 2
Z π2
Note that the integral is improper, but converges since 4 π 4
= a3 + a3 (1 − cos2 θ) d(cos θ)
3 2 3 0
lim r 2 ln r = 0.   π2
r→0+ cos3 θ 

2 4
= πa3 + a3 cos θ −
3 3 3


0
 
2 3 4 3 1
= πa + a −(1 − )
3 3 3
2 3
= a (3π − 4).
9

–9– – 10 –
 Homework 6 MATH2023 Homework 6 MATH2023

Qu. 26 One quarter of the required volume V is shown in the figure. Qu. 37
x x
x2 + y 2 = 2y 2 2
Z Z
2 2
Erf(x) = √ e−t dt = √ e−s ds.
2 2 2 π 0 π 0
x + (y − 1) = 1
Thus
4
ZZ
2
+t2 )
This is a circle centre at (0, 1) with radius 1. [Erf(x)]2 = e−(s dsdt,
π
In polar coord. r = 2 sin θ. S

where S is the square


S = {(s, t)  0 6 s 6 x, 0 6 t 6 x}.


By symmetry,

8
ZZ
2
+t2 )
[Erf(x)]2 = e−(s dsdt,
π
T
√
ZZ
∴V =4 y dA 
where T = {(s, t)  0 6 s 6 x, 0 6 t 6 s}.

D
Z π
2
Z 2 sin θ √
=4 r sin θ rdrdθ
0 0
π
2 sin θ
2 5/2 
Z 2
=4 sin θ r  dθ
0 5 
0
√ Z π
32 2 2 In polar, we have
= sin3 θ dθ
5 0 π
x sec θ
8
Z 4
Z
√ [Erf(x)]2 =
2
e−r r drdθ
64 2 π
= . 0 0
15 π
4 2 x sec θ
Z 4

= (−e−r ) dθ
π 0 0
π
4
Z 4  
2 2
= 1 − e−x / cos θ dθ.
π 0
2 2 2
Since cos2 θ 6 1, we have e−x / cos θ 6 e−x , so
Z π4 
4 2

[Erf(x)]2 > 1 − e−x dθ
π 0
2
= 1 − e−x

p
∴ Erf(x) > 1 − e−x2 .

– 11 – – 12 –
 Homework 6 MATH2023 Homework 6 MATH2023

Qu. The cone z 2 = x2 + y 2 and the sphere x2 + (y − a)2 + z 2 = a2 intersect where Alternatively, let V4 be the volume inside the cone and outside the sphere, then

x2 + y 2 = a2 − x2 − y 2 + 2ay − a2

i.e. on the cylinder

x2 + y 2 = ay ZZ Z √a2 −x2 −(y−a)2

1
 a 2  a 2 V4 = √ dzdA
x2 + y − = . 4 x2 +y 2
2 2 D
ZZ hp p i
In polar = a2 − x2 − (y − a)2 − x2 + y 2 dA
D
r = a sin θ. ZZ p ZZ p
= a2 − x2 − (y − a)2 dA − x2 + y 2 dA
D D

= V1 − V2 ,
The volume V lying outside the cone and inside the sphere lies on four octants; one quarter where
ZZ p
of it is in the first octant. To calculate V , we first calculate the volume V1 under the cone and
V1 = a2 − x2 − (y − a)2 dA, let y′ = y − a
inside the cylinder, i.e.
D
ZZ p ZZ p
V1 = x2 + y 2 dA = a2 − x2 − (y ′ )2 dA′ , where dA′ = dxdy ′
D D′
Z π
2
Z a sin θ 12 3
= r · r drdθ = a (3π − 4) (from Ex. 14.4 Qu. 22)
0 0
49
π
a3
Z ZZ p
2
= sin3 θ dθ V2 = x2 + y 2 dA
3 0
D
2 3
= a . 2 3
9 = a (from above).
9

Then calculate ∴ V = (volume of the entire sphere) − V4

V2 = the volume inside the sphere and inside the cylinder 16 3 2π 3

= a + a .
9 3
2 3
= a (3π − 4) (see Ex. 14.4 Qu. 22)
9

∴ The volume inside the sphere and outside the cylinder

4 3
V3 = πa − V2 .
3

∴ The required volume V

V = 4V1 + V3
8 3 4 3 2 3 8 3
= a + πa − πa − a
9 3 3 9
16 3 2π 3
= a + a .
9 3

– 13 – – 14 –
Homework 6 MATH2023

6
x
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1

5
z
0.75

z
0.5
4

-1 0.25
-0.5
3 0 x
0
-1 0.5 0
-0.5 0 0.25
0.5 1 0.5
1 0.75
y y 1

Ex. 14.1, Qu. 17 Ex. 14.2, Qu. 22

f (x, y) = 4x2 y 3 − x + 5

x
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1

0.75 1
-10
z z
0.5
-5
0.5
0.25
0 x
0
-10 0
5 0
-5
0 0.2
0.4
5 0.6
y 0.8
1010 y

Ex. 14.3, Qu. 5 Ex. 14.4, Qu. 11

x2 + y 2 f (x, y) = x + y
f (x, y) =
(1 + x2 )(1 + y 2 )

-1
-0.5
1.5 x
0
0.5
1 1
-1
z 1
0.75
0.5 z
0.5
0 x 0.25
0 0
0 -1
0.5 0
1 1
1.5 1
y y
2 2

Ex. 14.4, Qu. 26 page 13, Qu.

– 15 –