Design of Short Columns

Subject to Axial Load and

Bending

1
Axial Load and Bending

All columns are subject to axial load and

bending

Must be designed to resist both

Axial load equations presented in Chapter 9

address accidental (small) eccentricity

Chapter 10 deals with applied moments

2
Axial Load and Bending

Moments produce compression on one side of

the column and tension on the other

Depending of the magnitude of the axial

compressive load, all of the column cross-
section may be in compression, or a portion
may be in tension
Column reaches is capacity when the concrete
strain reaches 0.003
3
Column Strains

4
Large Axial Load and Negligible
Moment
Failure occurs by
crushing of the
concrete

5
Large Axial Load and Small
Moment
Entire column is in
compression –
compressive
stress is larger
on one side of
the column
than the other

6
Tension on One Side of Column

Part of the
column cross-
section is in
tension – steel
has tensile
stress but less
than yield

7
Balanced Condition

Tension bars at
yield and
concrete has
reached
maximum
compressive
stress 0.85 fc'

8
Large Moment with Small Axial
Load
Tension bars at
yield but
concrete as
the
compression
side crushes

9
Large Moment

Negligible axial
load - column
fails as a beam

10
Plastic Centroid
Eccentricity is the distance from the point of
application of the axial load and the plastic
centroid
The plastic centroid is the location of the
resultant force produced by the
reinforcing steel and concrete
The plastic centroid is the point on the
column cross-section through which the
resultant load must pass to produce
uniform strain at failure
11
Plastic Centroid
To locate the plastic centroid, all of the
concrete is assumed to be stressed to
0.85fc’ and the reinforcing steel is all
stressed to fy in compression
If the column has an axis of symmetry, the
plastic centroid will be on that axis

12
Interaction Diagram
As the axial load on the column varies, the
moment that the column can resist also
varies

As a result of strain linearity, a strain at the

faces of the column can be assumed, and
the strain in all parts of the column cross-
section can be computed.

13
Interaction Diagram
Assume that the maximum compressive strain at
one of the two faces of the column is 0.003
Maintain the compressive strain at 0.003 and
consider a series of strains on the
opposite face
Calculate Pn and Mn for each of the strain
series considered
Plot the Pn , Mn pairs
14
Interaction Diagram

15
Interaction Diagram

16
Interaction Diagram

17
Interaction Diagram

18
Equivalent Rectangular Column

19
ACI Based Interaction Diagrams

20
Code Modifications to Interaction
Diagrams
Strength reduction factor

Transition region for f

Upper limit cutoff for ACI Equations 10-2

and 10-3

21
Code Modifications to Interaction
Diagrams

22
Column Design Examples

23
Example 10.3

The short 500x 300mm column is to be used to

support the following loads: Pn = 1200 kN
and ex = 300mm. Select reinforcing bars to
be placed in the column faces only. The
concrete strength is 28 MPa and the steel is
Grade 60.

24
Example 10.3

25
Example 10.3

Rn=Kn x (e/h) =0.1716

26
ID L4-60.7

rg = 0.0220

27
 ID L4-60.8
rg = 0.0185

28
Example 10.3

Interpolate on g in Graphs 3 and 4 in Appendix A.

l 0.70 0.72 0.80
rz 0.016 0.0155 0.013

Additional Code requirements as shown in

Example 9.1 must be checked

29
Example 10.4

Design a short square column is to be used to

support the following: Pu = 2650 kN and Mu
= 170 kN-m. Place the bars uniformly around
the four faces of the column. The concrete
strength is 28 MPa and the steel is Grade
60.

30
Example 10.4

Assume that the column has an average

compression stress of 0.6 f’c=16.84 MPa

Ag = Pu/0,6 f’c =2650 x1000/16.84

Ag =157,700 mm2
Try a 400 x 400mm column (Ag = 160,000 mm2)

31
Example 10.4

Assume Ф =0.65, e=Mu/Pu=64.15mm

Pn=Pu/Ф=2650/0.65=4,076.92 kN
Kn=Pn/(f’c Ag)=4,076.92X1000/28 X 400X400=0.9098
Rn=Kn X (e/h)=0.9098 X 64.15/400=0.146
ɣ=h-cover/h=400-2X70/400=0.65
From graphs 6 & 7
l 0.60 0.65 0.70
rg 0.041 0.039 0.037
Ρ=0.039 fs/fy<1 then assumption is ok
As=ρ Ag=0.039X160000=6,240 mm2
32
ID R4-60.6

rg = 0.041

33
ID R4-60.7

rg = 0.037

34
Example 10.5

Select reinforcement for a short round spiral

column to be used to support the following
loads: Pu = 2207.25 kN and Mu = 302.74
kN-m. The concrete strength is 27.6 MPa
and the steel is Grade 60.

35
Example 10.5

36
Example 10.5

Assume Ф =0.75, e=Mu/Pu=137.16mm

Pn=Pu/Ф=2207.25/0.75=2943.15 kN
Kn=Pn/(f’c Ag)=2943.15/27.6 X 202683=0.53
Rn=Kn X (e/h)=0.53 X 137.16/508=0.143
ɣ=h-cover/h=381/508=0.75
From graphs 11 & 12
l 0.70 0.75 0.80
rz 0.024 0.0235 0.023
Ρ=0.0235 fs/fy<1 then assumption is ok
As=ρ Ag=0.0235X202683=4763 mm2
37