Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
The variety of uses for the hardware, software and firmware (hereinafter “Products”) described in this
Documentation, mandates that those responsible for the application and use of those Products must satisfy
themselves that all necessary steps have been taken to ensure that each application and actual use meets all
performance and safety requirements, including any applicable laws, regulations, codes and standards in addition
to any applicable technical documents.
In no event will Rockwell Automation, Inc., or any of its affiliate or subsidiary companies (hereinafter “Rockwell
Automation”) be responsible or liable for any indirect or consequential damages resulting from the use or
application of the Products described in this Documentation. Rockwell Automation does not assume
responsibility or liability for damages of any kind based on the alleged use of, or reliance on, this Documentation.
No patent liability is assumed by Rockwell Automation with respect to use of information, circuits, equipment, or
software described in the Documentation.
Except as specifically agreed in writing as part of a maintenance or support contract, equipment users are
responsible for:
• properly using, calibrating, operating, monitoring and maintaining all Products consistent with all Rockwell
Automation or third-party provided instructions, warnings, recommendations and documentation;
• ensuring that only properly trained personnel use, operate and maintain the Products at all times;
• staying informed of all Product updates and alerts and implementing all updates and fixes; and • all other
factors affecting the Products that are outside of the direct control of Rockwell Automation.
Reproduction of the contents of the Documentation, in whole or in part, without written permission of Rockwell
Automation is prohibited.
Throughout this manual we use the following notes to make you aware of safety considerations:
4 of 32
Motor Control: Using the Variable Frequency Drive, PLC and HMI
This section will walk you through the steps to program and operate the VFD and its motor all through CCW.
Never under any circumstances remove or tamper with any of the covers of the VFD or Motor- or expose any
wiring!
5 of 32
Motor Control: Using the Variable Frequency Drive, PLC and HMI
To: PLC
To: HMI
UNMANGED
To: VFD
SWITCH
To: Computer
To: Ethernet
Wall Connection
6 of 32
Motor Control: Using the Variable Frequency Drive, PLC and HMI
Check IP Address of the computer: Start Menu (Bottom Right Corner) > Type Command Prompt >
Select Command Prompt
Type ipconfig > Write down the IPv4 Address and Sub-Net Mask Address
The Listed IP Address and Sub-Net Mask will be used for setting up the PLC, VFD, and HMI
NOTE: These addresses are unique to the computer. (The addresses show are for the teacher’s
computer)
Windows Operating Systems may vary, but this is typically done via the PC’s Local Area Connection or
EtherNet port Configuration
7 of 32
Motor Control: Using the Variable Frequency Drive, PLC and HMI
From what you learned in Section 1 about changing the VFD’s parameters on the Keypad- set the
following.
(Refer back to Tutorial1: VFD and Powerflex Interface Tutorial for reference to the Keypad symbols)
In the Communication Parameters Enter the Following (Use IP Address IPv4 from Ipconfig step and
make sure the 4th number set is different than the computer: Since this is the VFD make it a number
between 21-30)
Parameter Description Enter
C128 Enable Address Select 1
NOTE: Example to
C129 IP address 1st Octet #.x.y.z 10 the right is setup for
the Teachers
C130 IP address 2nd Octet x.#.y.z 56 computer. USE the
IP address from the
C131 IP address 3rd Octet x.y.#.z 13 current computer
(See Step Above)
C132 IP address 4th Octet x.y.z.# 21 and change the
C132 (4th Octet to a
C133 Subnet Mask 1st Octet #.x.y.z 255 number between
21-30)
C134 Subnet Mask 2nd Octet x.#.y.z 255
8 of 32
Motor Control: Using the Variable Frequency Drive, PLC and HMI
STOP: Check to see if IP Address and Subnet Mask is set in CCW and HMI
Example IP Setup from teachers Computer:
CCW: 10.56.13.1
HMI: 10.56.13.11
VFD: 10.56.13.21
9 of 32
Motor Control: Using the Variable Frequency Drive, PLC and HMI
To verify the integrity of your network and configuration of the devices on the network:
If you have not opened CCW and connected to the PLC yet- use the following
From your PC’s Windows Start Menu;
Click on All Programs and select Rockwell Software
Select RSLinx
Select the application called RSLinxs Classic
Select Configure Driver
10 of 32
Motor Control: Using the Variable Frequency Drive, PLC and HMI
Select Pull Down Menu Available Driver Types > Select Ethernet/IP Driver > Select Configure
11 of 32
Motor Control: Using the Variable Frequency Drive, PLC and HMI
Select + sign next to AB_EthIP-1, Ethernet > The PLC, Powerflex and HMI if it is the T7T model
should show up if the Ethernet cords are plugged in and powered up thru the unmanaged switch
Troubleshooting RS Linx > If the HMI, Powerflex or PLC do not show up check to see if the IP
Address is being used.
Disconnect the Device from the Unmanaged Switch (i.e. remove the Ethernet cord)
Start Menu > Command Prompt > Be sure only g:\ or c:\ is showing (NOTE: if not type
cd.. > enter to back out of a folder (i.e. g:\windows/system folder: Type cd.. >Enter Key; New
listing g:\windows: Type cd.. > Enter Key; g\>)
Type: ping (IP Address) > Enter Key
i.e 10.56.13.21
Used IP Address: Note Packets Sent =4,Received = 4, Lost =0: This shows this
IP Address is being used by a device somewhere in the district (Notice the 4th Octet is
changed to )
Not Used IP Address: Note Packets Sent =4,Received = 0, Lost =4: (NOTICE
the 4th Octet (4th set number was changed to 77)
NOTE: If IP Address is Being Used Change the 4th Octet to a different number > Check by pinging the Address and
then reprogram the device once a non-used IP Address is found
12 of 32
Motor Control: Using the Variable Frequency Drive, PLC and HMI
13 of 32
Motor Control: Using the Variable Frequency Drive, PLC and HMI
If a device was never configured, it would never show up here. Or if the device was at one time on the
Network but is not now, it will be displayed with a red X on it. Meaning communications to the device that was
there has failed for some reason.
Note: the PanelViewR-T7T when connected will show up in this network listing, (the T6T will not)
Example of a VFD that got disconnected from the Network
NOTE: If your PC were connected to a M850 via the USB cable- the M850 would show up as a node on the
USB connection
.
The USB connection is a single device (Node) connection- not a Network.
The USB connection will only work when a PC is connected to the M850- not the PanelView800 or VFD.
As you continue on with M850, PanelView800-T7T and VFD labs- remember RSLinx. It is the Network trouble
shooting application.
Industry wise- this network would sow all the PLC’s, VFD’s and a host of other devices on a system line as
each PLC would be controlling multiple device and passing data to & from other PLC’s.
14 of 32
Motor Control: Using the Variable Frequency Drive, PLC and HMI
RSLinx will launch your Connection Browser showing the available Networks
15 of 32
Motor Control: Using the Variable Frequency Drive, PLC and HMI
Click on the AB_ETHIP-1, Ethernet Network connection to expand the Node display of devices on that
network.
If the IP addresses you set are correct, and all devices that are powered up and plugged into the Network
Switch should be displayed as a Node on your ENet network listing as shown. (Your PanelView800 and
Micro850 may or may not be on the Node List).
Your screen should now show that you are connected to the PowerFlex VFD via CCW and will display
some of the basic status of the VFD.
Note: in the up the upper the right hand corner it indicates if you are Connected and On-line to the VFD,
or Disconnected and Off-line.
Also- in the upper right hand corner you’ll see icons referencing Manual and Help.
If you don’t already have the User Manual for the FVD open, you can open CCW’s copy of it from here.
16 of 32
Motor Control: Using the Variable Frequency Drive, PLC and HMI
17 of 32
Motor Control: Using the Variable Frequency Drive, PLC and HMI
Next, since the parameters were uploaded are all factory default values (except for the IP address we
set in Section 2.1 and any changes to the Accel/Decel rates in Section 1.4) lets rename this VFD to
PowerFlex_1_Defaults
18 of 32
Motor Control: Using the Variable Frequency Drive, PLC and HMI
Then under the File pull-down of CCW- select ‘Save Project As’- and save it as
PowerFlex_1_Defaults
Once ‘Save Project As ‘is complete CCW redisplays the Project screen, but the VFD Display page has closed
out.
In the Project Organizer, click on the VFD called PowerFlex_1_Defaults
19 of 32
Motor Control: Using the Variable Frequency Drive, PLC and HMI
When you’re about to change the functionality or control of an Automated System- always make a copy of the
original before edits get made.
20 of 32
Motor Control: Using the Variable Frequency Drive, PLC and HMI
2.5 CCW’s VFD Shortcut Buttons, Parameter Edits and VFD control
In the Off-Line mode, notice the shortcut buttons of the PowerFlex VFD only show the following.
In the upper Right corner of the display, select the Connect button to go On-line to the VFD again.
Notice the shortcut buttons change:
Only look at the following- make NO EDITS at this time (we’ll get into more details later)
Download/Upload: Self explanatory
Compare: For comparing parameters from one VFD to another. i.e. we could use this to compare an
Off-line VFD’s parameters to that of an On-Line VFD, or between 2 Off-line VFD
Projects.
Parameters: List of all parameters or by function or by grouped parameters
The pull down under Group will allow you to look at certain ‘groups’ of
Parameters.
Properties: This shortcut displays information about the VFD as it was when we uploaded it.
Setup displays the VFD type and firmware level. DO NOT CHANGE ANYTHING
(Any Off-line changes to the type or revision of the VFD will then not load to the VFD if it’s a
mismatch)
Communication displays the IP address settings that we manually set in step Section
2.1 DO NOT CHANGE ANYTHING
(Changing the IP address will prevent communications to the VFD as this lab progresses)
Wizards: Easy to use & configure shortcuts to only the parameters we need.
Control Bar: Allows you to START/STOP & control the VFD from CCW (used in testing and
debug)
Faults: Will display live fault status of the VFD while On-line.
Reset: Resets the VFD if it is in a faulted state, (only if the fault is no longer present).
21 of 32
Motor Control: Using the Variable Frequency Drive, PLC and HMI
By selecting Basic Program we’ll see only the group of Parameters we’re
interested in at his time.
Look at Parameters #46 and #47; START Source 1 and SPEED Reference 1
22 of 32
Motor Control: Using the Variable Frequency Drive, PLC and HMI
Control Bar:
The Control Bar will allow us to operate the VFD from CCW.
However- since CCW will communicate to the VFD via Enet, had we not just changed the START and
SPEED from Keypad and Drive Pot- to EtherNet/IP- the Control Bar wouldn’t have been able to run the
VFD.
Safety Interlocks are electro mechanical devices that must be in place for safe operation of Automated
Equipment.
Example: A Maintenance person needs to open an access panel door on a machine to change belts on a
motor and pulley.
At a minimum, in order to open the access door he must -Stop the machine, take the VFD out of Auto
Mode AND install a lock on an electro mechanical device attached to that access door AND be sure he
has AND carries the only key for that lock with him at all times.
The PLC (via EtherNet IP) sees a signal from that interlocking device and completely disables all Start
commands to the VFD. (the rest of the machine could still be running- but all functionality behind that door
is disabled) AND the VFD through the interlock also wired to its Terminal block also sees the door is locked
open and disables any control at the local Keypad
Click OK and notice there is a control panel at the bottom of the display
Using the Control Panel within CCW is typically used on first time startups to check rotation and
mechanical linkages. It can also be used to troubleshoot M850 ladder logic to determine if the control
problem is within the ladder code- or with the communications to the VFD.
Leave the Source control of P46 and P47 set to Ethernet/IP as we will use these settings when we
write code for the M850 to control the VFD.
23 of 32
Motor Control: Using the Variable Frequency Drive, PLC and HMI
NOTICE- At this time we have changed (2) Parameters in the VFD and we are still On-line.
Upload the Parameters from the Drive into our CCW Project
Rename the VFD in the Project Organizer from PowerFlex_1_Defaults* to PowerFlex_1
Save the CCW Project by clicking on File- ‘Save Project As’ and save as PowerFlex_1
You now have (2) CCW Projects of the Parameters of the VFD. (1) with Defaults- and this copy with recent
edits. If anything goes wrong and you need to start over- the Default file will have the correct parameters for
basic startup / start over of this VFD.
It’s always good practice to save as you go. A good rule of thumb; Make a Project change, do a Project save.
After preforming the ‘Save Project As’…Reopen the VFD display by clicking on the PowerFlex_1 as
listed in the Project Organizer and click on Connect.
Stop the VFD if it’s still running.
24 of 32
Motor Control: Using the Variable Frequency Drive, PLC and HMI
2.6 Using the CCW Wizard to Setup and Tune the VFD for a specific
application
VFD’s are very versatile and can operate anything from a garage door opener to a highly sophisticated
centrifuge or turbine. Over the years the basic setup parameters for a specific application haven’t changed.
What has changed is the VFD’s ability to work with any application or function. All we need to do is configure
the VFD for the specific application, how we want to control it and what signals or data we want it to provide
back. Then tune the VFD/Motor specifically to the application.
That’s found in the Startup Wizard tab
If you aren’t already On-line and connected to the VFD, open your CCW Project, click on
PowerFlex_1 in the Project Organizer, then click on Connect.
Then Click on Wizards.
A window will pop up showing various
Wizards Select the PowerFlex 525 Startup
Wizard
You’ll notice it uploads a group of parameters then displays the following Startup Wizard display.
If there are any red ! shown, that means there’s a conflicting parameter set. We’ll get to those as we proceed.
25 of 32
Motor Control: Using the Variable Frequency Drive, PLC and HMI
What this does is puts the VFD in a Torque ref of Volts per Hertz. (Amount of Volts to the Motor per 1Hz of
Speed Ref).
i.e. 230 Volts DC on the Motor windings at 60Hz is 230/60 = 3.83vdc per 1hz of speed ref.
Remember: Speed is governed by the Voltage & Frequency as the magnets on the rotor of the motor are
pulled by the changing +/- polarity of the AC sinusoidal voltage on the motor windings.
Power (current or torque) required to maintain speed will be available from the VFD if needed. If the motor
demands more torque (current) for an increasing load- the width of the PWM signals will get wider- longer DC
pulses on the windings to create more ‘pulling’ torque on the rotor.
26 of 32
Motor Control: Using the Variable Frequency Drive, PLC and HMI
IMPORTANT Note: So, we’ve been talking about the VFD runs in Volts per Hertz…and that there will be
3.83Volts per 1Hz of commanded speed (230v to the motor at 60Hz, 230/60= 3.83v/Hz)
But what’s the actual RPM of the motor at a specific command speed frequency?
The Motor nameplate data tells us that ratio.
1600 max RPM / 60hz Max frequency= 26.66 RPM for every 1Hz of commanded speed reference So,
a 10Hz Command Speed Ref would rotate the motor at 266.66 RPM.
If I want that motor to turn specifically at 525 RPM, that would be (525RPM / 26.66 RPM(per HZ) = 19.7Hz
But what is rotation? What is this motor doing? - Well, what’s it connected to??
If connected to a
Fan We’d need to know the specs of the fan- the volume of air at a set speed (RPM of the fan) Pump
What is the volume output of the pump at a set RPM
Conveyor Belt What is the gear ratio (or belt ratio) between the motor and conveyor wheel, and 1RPM of the
conveyor drive shaft equals now much linear distance?
Linear travel On a table or linear slide. The motor would be connected to a screw (ball screw) and a nut
would be on that screw and welded to the table.
If the screw had a pitch of ¼ inch then 4 revolutions of the screw equals 1”.
If we want the table to move at 50”/min we would calculate the Command frequency to be:
Since 1600 RPM = 60hz
1600 RPM / 4Revs of the screw per inch = 400 IPM max linear speed at 60Hz max command freq.
400 IPM / 60Hz = 6.666 IPM” per 1Hz.
Desired linear speed is 50 IPM, so 50 IPM / 6.66”per 1Hz = 7.50Hz of commanded freq to achieve 50 IPM
linear speed.
Lets double check that:
Max IPM is 400, divide that by our desired speed of 50 IPM = 8 (50 IPM is 1/8th the Max IPM)
Since 50 IPM is at 7.5Hz, if we multiply both by 8, that validates that we’ll be at 400 IPM at 60Hz.
27 of 32
Motor Control: Using the Variable Frequency Drive, PLC and HMI
A Quadrature Encoder is an example of a simple feedback device that basically produces (x) amount of
digital pulses per 1 revolution. For example 1,024 5vdc pulses /1 rev and a Marker on the encoder
resets that count every revolution.
Speed Feedback typically ties the Encoder back to the drive to tell it what the actual speed is of the
device the motor is connected to. (referenced to as Closing the Velocity Loop).
Closing the Velocity Loop means the drive can monitor the speed of the device attached to
the motor and keep it at the commanded speed based on the Encoders pulses per rev it reads back.
(i.e. for every 1RPM command the drive should see 1024 Pulses per Min (PPM) back from the end
device).
• If the drive sees the end device is not traveling as fast as its being commanded (wrong
expected PPM vs RPM command) it will self-adjust its PWM Freq output (# of PWM pulses) to
get that end device to the correct speed.
• If the freq output increases and yet the speed hasn’t picked up than an increased load must be
the reason for the reduced speed. If this happens the PWM frequency pulses become wider
providing more torque to the motor to get that end device to the correct speed.
With Speed Feedback the desired effect is to know what the speed of the device connected to the
motor actually is- not what the motor speed is.
Position Feedback typically ties the Encoder back to the PLC if we are concerned about the position
of the end device. (referenced as Closing the Position Loop)
Closing the Position Loop would refer to a PLC controlled system that requires to move a
certain distance and stop, (called Point to Point Programming).
If a PLC commands a speed of 50 IPM and to move only 10”:
The Closed Velocity Loop to the drive will make the drive maintain the commanded speed.
The Closed Position Loop back to the PLC would accumulate the Encoder pulses (1024/rev or
4,096/inch based on 4 revs = 1”), and know the end device has actually mover 10” after its counted
40,096 pulses and stop (0) the Command Speed.
.
Stop/Brake Mode Only used to change how the VFD decelerates or brakes to a stop.
28 of 32
Motor Control: Using the Variable Frequency Drive, PLC and HMI
Directional Test TEST This tests the polarity of rotation based off of a FORWARD command.
As the programmer you would check with the Mechanical Eng. to define the names of
direction, and if those directions are defined as forward or reverse.
i.e. Is clockwise motor shaft rotation to be called “forward” or “reverse”,
“up” or “down, “in” or “out” direction for the system?
This page lets you test the direction the motor will turn when given the FORWARD command.
(Notice the warnings on this page).
At this point (in the real world) you’d look at the rotation of the motor and determine if you want this
‘Forward” command to rotate in this direction.
Check the Yes box on the direction correct question before proceeding.
Auto Tune TEST Auto Tune fine-tunes the VFD to the characteristics of the Motor. Read
the procedure and tune.
Ramp Rates Used to set the Acceleration, Deceleration and ‘S’ curve.
The (3) SPEED Ref Sources the VFD may use is determined by Digital Inputs wired to the VFD if 2 or 3
sources are required. We’ll use the default Speed Source.
Notice this Parameter Group has a red ! (you may or may not have this as well).
This indicates that there is a conflict or illegal parameter setting.
29 of 32
Motor Control: Using the Variable Frequency Drive, PLC and HMI
Hover over the ! to see what’s wrong (if you have one)
The same SPEED Ref Source cannot be used on multiple Speed Ref Inputs. So this is telling us that a
Source is being used more than once.
Remember in Section 2.5 we changed the START and SPEED Ref Source from Keypad to
Ethernet/IP?
Ethernet/IP (by Factory Defaults) was already programmed as Speed Ref 3, and in Section 2.4 we also
made Speed Ref (0) - Ethernet/IP. So that caused a conflict of the same SPEED Source being used
twice.
For this lab, set Speed Ref 3 to Drive Pot while leaving the Speed Reference tab set to Ethernet/IP
Relay Outputs The VFD has (2) hardwired Relay contacts that can open/close depending on the
user defined function
30 of 32
Motor Control: Using the Variable Frequency Drive, PLC and HMI
Analog Outputs Provides a hardwired analog output of used defined functionality- typically an
analog meter.
This is the same software that we will be using to create our M850 Ladder Logic code to communicate and
control the VFD and we’ll be doing that with the PanelView800 HMI- which is why we had to change the
Source of where the VFD will be getting the START and SPEED Ref from.
In the next section we’ll be Importing M850 and HMI code to control the VFD with the PanelView HMI via
EtherNet.
In changing the Source inputs we discussed how there are (3) Source inputs for the START and SPEED Ref.
We also configured and tuned the VFD for the type of Motor it will be running.
In a real application, if the motor ever had to be replaced, the VFD should be re-tuned to the new motor. Even
if it’s the exact same kind of motor as characteristics of the same type of Motors can vary. Motor Name Plate
Data should only change if the new Motor has a different RPM range, Overload Current, voltage etc.
As in a normal installation startup, we operated the VFD and Motor from CCW’s Control Bar and there were
some warnings… Just like the (3) START and SPEED Source inputs that the VFD can operate from- great
care should be taken when operating a VFD from a remote source. Typically Safety Interlocks are physically
paced on the machine to prevent a remote signal from operating the VFD while the machine is in an unsafe
condition. These are typically via a Safety disable switch or input at the machine that maintenance would use
to disable all remote control of the VFD while he/she is working on it.
Your PowerFlex VFD has now been tuned to the specific characteristics of its motor and EtherNet IP has been
configured to control the Start and Speed Reference which will lead into the next section of HMI and PLC code
to control the VFD over Ethernet/IP
31 of 32
Motor Control: Using the Variable Frequency Drive, PLC and HMI
32 of 32