Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
B/Bn/C/Cn
GRAMMAR
Exercise 2: Complete the sentences with go, play, get, do, ride or drive.
0. I can’t _play_ tennis this weekend.
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"Teachers open the door, but you must enter by yourself." - Chinese Proverb
Exercise 3: Complete the text with the present continuous or the past simple form of
the verbs in brackets.
Last year I (0)_was_ (be) in my home country. I (1) _____________ (live) at home with my
family and I (2) _____________ (not work). Now it is all different. This month I (3) _____________
(stay) in Belgrade. Last month, I (4) _____________ (be) in Llubijana and the month before I (5)
_____________ (go) to Berlin and Vienna. What (6) _____________ (I do) this year? I (7) _____________
(travel) by train all over Europe and I (8) _____________ (learn) languages. Last year, I (9)
_____________ (can not) speak any Serbo-Croat. Now I can say ‘hello’, ‘goodbye’, ‘please’ and
‘thank you’. This year, I (10) _____________ (work) in a shop in the middle of Belgrade and I have
no problem speaking. Last year I (11) _____________ (can) only speak one language. Now I can
speak a little of six languages! Last year I (12) _____________ (not know) anything about the
world. Now, I (13) _____________ (travel) all over the world!
Exercise 4: Fill in the blanks using either the present simple, present continuous, past
simple or past continuous forms.
Steve Evans and Mike Brockall 0____are____ athletes but they 1_____________ (have) different
hopes. Steve 2_____________ (run) in the London Marathon this week. Mike 3_____________ (be) at
home this week. He 4_____________ (break) his leg last week and cannot run for eight months.
How 5_____________ he _____________ (break) his leg? He 6_____________ (climb) a hill as part of his
training when a tree 7_____________ (fall) on him during a storm. Steve 8_____________ (hope) to
win a marathon. Mike only 9_____________ (want) to run again.
A photographer’s life
Martha Schwarz, 29, freelance photographer
I’ve had three different homes ………………… I was born. My family and I lived in a small
flat ………………… the first years of my life, then we moved to a larger one. My parents have
lived there ………………… then.
I moved out when I got engaged and I’ve lived in a small house near the Danube
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"Teachers open the door, but you must enter by yourself." - Chinese Proverb
………………… the last seven years. My husband and I have been married …………………
almost five years now.
I’ve been a professional photographer ………………… nearly six years now and I love it. I
worked for Newsweek ………………… four years and I’ve been freelance ………………… I left. I
much prefer working for myself.
My favourite camera is my old Nikon 601. I’ve had it ………………… my 21st birthday. It
still works perfectly.
b) Complete the questions. Use How long or When and the verb in brackets.
1. …………………………. Martha …………………………. ? (move out)
When she got married.
2. …………………………. she and her husband…………………………. married ? (be)
For almost five years.
3. …………………………. she…………………………. a professional photographer? (become)
Nearly six years ago.
4. …………………………. she…………………………. freelance? (be)
Since she left Newsweek.
5. …………………………. she…………………………. her Nikon 601? (get)
She got it for her 21st birthday.
STUDY TIP
(He’s on his way to Scotland or he’s there now. He hasn’t come back yet.)
(He has visited Munich, but he isn’t there now. He has come back.)
Exercise 8: Complete the text with the correct form of the verb.
Hayao Miyazaki
The Japanese film director Hayao Miyazaki is one of the greatest animators in modern
cinema. Films like Heidi, 3000 Miles in Search of Mother and Marco ………………….. (make) him
famous all over the world.
When Hayao………………….. (be) at secondary school he ………………….. (see) his first
cartoon film, The Legend of the White Snake. It ………………….. (be) this film which
………………….. (start) his interest in animation.
In 1985 he and his friend Takahata ………………….. (start) a film studio called Studio
Ghibli. Since then Miyazaki ………………….. (direct, write and produce) many other films with
Takahata. All of these films ………………….. (be) major successes, particularly Princess
Mononoke and Spirited Away.
Exercise 9: Complete the spaces in the text below with an appropriate form of the verb
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"Teachers open the door, but you must enter by yourself." - Chinese Proverb
Exercise 10: Complete the text with the correct form of the verb in brackets, past,
present perfect or with will.
Next year, in June, the World Student Games (0)_will be_ (be) in Bangkok. There (1)
………………….. (be) 11 student games so far and the last one (2) ………………….. (be) in Izmir
last year. In Izmir, 15 countries (3) ………………….. (send) over 2,000 students to the games.
This means that in 11 games, over 20,000 students (4) ………………….. (play) a sport or (5)
………………….. (do) an athletic event. Next year, again, many people (6) ………………….. (win)
gold, silver or bronze medals. This is very expensive. The games in Izmir (7) …………………..
(cost) over 2.5 million pounds and the International University Sports Federation (FISU) (8)
………………….. (spend) over 25 million pounds for all 11 games. Next year, more than 5,000
students (9) ………………….. (attend) the games and the cost (10) ………………….. (be) higher
than any other games. FISU (11) ………………….. (not decide) what to do yet but I am sure they
(12) ………………….. (increase) the price of tickets. We hope there (13) ………………….. (be) a
discount for students.
Exercise 11: Complete the sentences using the correct form of the adjectives in
brackets. Add than, the where necessary.
1. Baseball is ……………………..……… sport in the USA. (popular)
2. She's much ……………………..……… her brother. (serious)
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"Teachers open the door, but you must enter by yourself." - Chinese Proverb
Exercise 12: Put the adjectives in brackets into the comparative or superlative form by
adding any necessary words.
Dear Marie,
I’m writing to tell you about Merryville’s Country Fair which took place last weekend.
It was ………………….. (big) event of the year!
There were more people at the fair than there were last year. People were selling
………………….. (nice) ornaments and ………………….. (wonderful) arts and crafts I had ever seen.
I bought a beautiful hand-woven rug. It is ………………….. (big) and much ………………….. (thick)
the old one I have. Luke found an unusual painting and we decided to buy it and hang it in our
living room. It looks ………………….. (good) the old picture we had there.
Although it was getting really cold as it got dark, people stayed to listen to the band
which was playing …………………………. (fantastic) dance music I had ever heard. As we watched
the band perform, we ate …………………………. (delicious) toffee-apples I had ever had in my
life!
And guess who this year’s winner of …………………………. (large) pumpkin contest was!
My granddad!
I hope you’ll be in town for next year’s fair. I’ve heard that it’s going to be
…………………………. (good) this year’s!
Take care,
Suzanne
Exercise 13: Complete the text with the words or phrases in the box.
the can’t (x2) worst the best any lot can cheaper many most of a (x2)
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"Teachers open the door, but you must enter by yourself." - Chinese Proverb
1-) If Tom (finish) ……………… his homework quickly, he (come) ……………… with us this
evening.
2-) If you (smoke) ……………… in here, people (be) ……………… angry.
3-) I (get) ……………… a cake if we (have) ……………… visitors tonight.
4-) If I ……………… (go) to bed late, I always ……………… (get up) late.
5-) The road is slippery. You (skid) ……………… if you (brake) ……………… suddenly.
6-) If I……………… (watch) that programme, I always ……………… (get) angry.
7-) My neighbour (be) ……………… furious if you (park) ……………… in his parking space.
8-) If they (study) ……………… for the exam, I (not disturb) ……………… them.
9-) Laura never ……………… (want) breakfast if she ……………… (go)for an early-morning run.
10-) If Jane (misbehave) ……………… one more time, the teacher (ask) ……………… her to leave
the class.
Exercise 17: Fill in must, mustn’t or don’t have to. (Optional: Not for C Level.)
BOSS: Have you typed those letters yet?
SECRETARY: No, I haven’t finished. 1-) ……………… I type them all this morning?
BOSS: Yes, you 2-) ……………… I’m afraid.
SECRETARY: Very well, sir. 3-) ……………… I also photocopy them?
BOSS: No, you 4-) ………………. Eric can do that. Just ask him.
SECRETARY: OK, I’ll do that. Oh, sir. You’ve got an appointment with Mr. Lee
at 6 o’clock. It’s almost 5.30. You 5-) ……………… be late.
BOSS: Oh, dear! I forgot. I’ll go now.
SECRETARY: Do you want me to call your wife and tell her that you’ll be late?
BOSS: No, you 6-) ……………… do that. I’ll call her.
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"Teachers open the door, but you must enter by yourself." - Chinese Proverb
Exercise 18: Underline the correct verb form. (Optional: Not for C Level.)
1-) You mustn’t / don’t have to tell Mary what I told you. It’s a secret.
2-) The museum is free. You mustn’t / don’t have to pay to get in.
3-) You mustn’t / don’t have to drive with an expired licence.
4-) Terry’s a millionaire. He mustn’t / doesn’t have to go to work.
5-) I mustn’t / don’t have to do my washing. My mother does it for me.
6-) We mustn’t / don’t have to rush. We’ve got enough time.
7-) You mustn’t / don’t have to play with guns. They’re dangerous.
8-) This is my favourite pen. You can borrow it, but you mustn’t / don’t have to
lose it.
9-) ‘Shall I come with you?’
‘You can if you want, but you mustn’t / don’t have to.’
10-) We have a lot of work tomorrow. You mustn’t / don’t have to be late.
11-)You've been late for work twice this week. You mustn't/ don’t have to be late
again tomorrow.'
12-) You mustn't/don't have to open the door before the train stops. You could fall
out.
13-) We mustn't/don't have to make any noise going into the house. It's very late and
everybody is asleep.
14-) You mustn't/don't have to phone the station about the time of the trains. I've got
a timetable.
15-) I mustn't/don't have to go now. I can stay a bit longer if you want me to.
Exercise 19: Make sentences. Use the linking words in brackets. Make any necessary
changes without changing the order of the words. Be careful about the punctuation.
1. Good nutrition/ eating/ healthy food /be/ essential/ good health. (and)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Sugar / fat /can /cause /serious health problems/ high blood / heart disease. (and/such
as/or)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3.Food/ influence/ our mental health/ chocolate /can/ change/ your mood. (also/for
example)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4.Vegetables/fish/help/ reduce/ minor problems / lack /concentration/ poor memory / poor
motivation. (and(2), such as)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5.With regard to/ more physical illnesses/ Mediterranean diet/ may/ protect you /
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"Teachers open the door, but you must enter by yourself." - Chinese Proverb
Alzheimer’s disease.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. Illness/ early death/serious disease /weaken / country /in /economic / social ways.
(and/both…and…)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. Most illnesses/this area/ be/ minor now/ we/be/ closing /one /clinics (so)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. Lack of food/ children/ be/ suffering / malnutrition. (because of)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Exercise 21: Complete the sentences using relative clauses. Use who, which or that.
1. A Scot is a person (live in Scotland)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Nessie is a monster (live in Loch Ness)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3.A fridge is a thing (keep food cool)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. A DJ is someone (play music in a disco)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. A bee is an insect (make honey)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. A lemon is a fruit (be yellow and sour)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. A watch is a thing (tell the time)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. A ferry is a ship (carry people across the water)
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"Teachers open the door, but you must enter by yourself." - Chinese Proverb
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
9. A shop assistant is someone (work in a shop)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
10. A key is a thing (can open and lock doors)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Rewrite exercises:
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"Teachers open the door, but you must enter by yourself." - Chinese Proverb
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
15. Jane is planning to have a holiday in Caribbean this summer. (going to)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
16. John is always late for the class. Tomorrow is not a different day. (will)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
17. The students went into the director’s office, the teachers waited outside. (however)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
18. He could hardly walk because of the terrible accident that he had. (because)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
19. I waited for half an hour before the manager took me into his office. (after)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
20. She smokes 40 cigarettes a day, but she looks healthy. (although)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
21. I have never read a book by Yaşar Kemal before. (the first time)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
22. It has been two years since I last saw them. (for)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
23. The teacher is sick. She will probably not come to the class tomorrow. (may)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
24. Newspapers are important means of communication. You can read them anywhere.
(that/which)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
25. Leonardo Da Vinci was a painter. He also invented many things. (who)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
26. Sally got up early in order not to miss the bus. (so that)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
27. You should come to the class in time. (It’s important)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
***
VOCABULARY
Exercise 2: Match the adjectives in the box with the people below. You will not need to use
them all.
TIM
PAULA
He doesn’t like meeting people.
She always has a smile on her face.
………………….
………………….
He doesn’t talk very much.
She knows the answers to all my
questions.
………………….
………………….
He never smiles.
………………….
He can do lots of different things.
………………….
He doesn’t like work.
………………….
Exercise 4: Complete the text with the types of film, a) to g). (Optional)
a) Science fiction
b) Action
c) Western
d) Musical
e) Horror
f) War
g) Comedy
This (0)_horror_ movie is very long but very good. The story is about a woman. She stays in a
house with ghosts for one night. The ghosts want her to leave by morning and do many things
to make her leave. Penelope Beech is excellent as Emily. I am sure you will be very frightened!
This (1)____ film is very old but still very good. The story is about two armies fighting on the
night of October 31st. The film shows two soldiers thinking about home and their family in
the battle. The film won two Oscars.
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"Teachers open the door, but you must enter by yourself." - Chinese Proverb
This lovely (2)____ will make you sing and cry. It has great songs and a great story. I can still
sing the best songs a week later.
This (3)____ is very disappointing and is the worst film at the cinema this week. This film is
not funny at all. In fact, I think the film was sad. The comedian, Paul Blue was terrible.
This (4)_____ movie is quite good because of the special effects but the story is not very good.
Why are the monsters from space always green? Why do the Russian astronauts speak in
English? We don’t see the future in this film, we see people’s silly ideas about the future!
This (5)_____ movie is very exciting. Rob Bexx again plays Jim Blonde the secret agent and, as
always, he is the best actor in the film. Of course there are lots of stunts, lots of action and lots
of dead people at the end of the film.
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"Teachers open the door, but you must enter by yourself." - Chinese Proverb
This classic (6)_____ movie is showing again at the Alcatraz. Sebastian Cottle got an Oscar for
his role as the blind cowboy. The cowboy fights bad men, catches animals, falls in love and
saves good people. It’s great fun.
Exercise 6: Put the words in the box under the correct headings.
microscope sofa
luggage needle
interest aisle
wardrobe scalpel
lend board
Microscope
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"Teachers open the door, but you must enter by yourself." - Chinese Proverb
rude drama
dedicated fog
mild fame
surgery
humid
treatment chatty
episodes clinic
rude
READING
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"Teachers open the door, but you must enter by yourself." - Chinese Proverb
READING TEXT I
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. They teach English, French, German, Spanish and Italian as well as Turkish and Arabic.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. They give a dictionary to all students who registered for the courses.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
READING TEXT II
Read the text and answer the questions about the text.
Only a Game?
1 “Kill him! Kill him!” I was watching my son play with a friend’s video game. He was
having fun, but there was one problem – he wasn’t killing fast enough.
2 Most people don’t seem to worry about this kind of violence. Games with a lot of killing
are now acceptable for children in our society. Although they really like it, as a mother, I
am concerned about the violence in children’s video games and movies. A few years ago,
I became so concerned about it that I decided to leave my job as a journalist and spend
my life researching the problem of violent children’s entertainment. In my research, I
have found out some very interesting things.
3 The first thing that I have learned is this: while aggression is a part of human nature,
violence is learned. Children learn violent behavior by copying, like they learn
everything else.
4 The second thing that I have learned is that children under the age of eight cannot
separate fact from fiction: that is why they worry about monsters under their beds. This
is also the reason that children may not understand why it is acceptable for television
characters to hit, kick, and shoot each other-but it is not acceptable for children to do
this at school.
5 Hundreds of scientific studies show that viewing violence increase violence. Researchers
have found out that young children become more aggressive after playing violent video
games or watching violent television programs.
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"Teachers open the door, but you must enter by yourself." - Chinese Proverb
6 This frightens me. What are we parents teaching our young children when we allow
them to watch violent TV programs and play with violent toys and games?
8 Arthur Pober, executive director of the Entertainment Software Review Board, thinks
parents need to pay careful attention. “Parents have to understand what their children
are doing,” he says. “Certain types of entertainment are not made for children.”
9 I agree that parents are responsible for their children’s entertainment, but the problem
is that the companies are marketing the games directly at children. I think the video
game companies need to stop the marketing of violent games to young children. They
should also clearly label all games with the level of violence they contain. Manufacturers
must take responsibility.
C. Write T (true) or F (false) for each statement. Correct the false statements according to the
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"Teachers open the door, but you must enter by yourself." - Chinese Proverb
text.
1. Most people think it’s no problem for children to play violent video games. __________
2. Children copy violence they see in video games and movies. __________
3. Children know the difference between a game and real life. _________
4. Children who play violent video games are more violent themselves. __________
5. Playing violent video games is safer than watching violent movies. _________
6. Companies that make video games clearly indicate their level of violence. ________
1 If you enjoy water sports, Hawaii is the place for you! You can go swimming all year
round in the warm water of the Pacific Ocean. You can go sport fishing from the shore or from
a boat. If you like boats, you can go sailing, canoeing, or windsurfing. Or, you can also try some
other water sports that are especially popular in Hawaii: surfing, snorkeling and scuba diving.
6 Surfing is a sport which started in Hawaii many years ago. The Hawaiians called it
"he'enalu," which means "to slide on a wave." Long before the arrival of the Europeans, the
Hawaiians used to ride on the waves on long, narrow wooden boards. When the first
Europeans came to the islands, they were amazed by these surfing Hawaiians. Since that
time, surfing has been a very popular sport on the California coast and in Australia, among
other places.
12 If you want to try surfing, you need, first of all, to be a good swimmer. You also have
to have an excellent sense of balance. You must swim out from the beach with your surfboard
under your arm. When you get to where the waves begin to break, you wait for a calm
moment. Then you try to stand up on the board. The wave will begin to rise under you. You
must try to steer the board with your feet so that you can stay on top of the wave. The
important thing is to keep your balance and not to fall down. If you can manage this, you will
have an exciting ride all the way in to the shore.
19 Scuba diving and snorkeling are two ways to get a close look at the beauty lying
below the surface of the ocean. The waters of the Hawaiian Islands are clean, clear, and warm.
They contain hundreds of kinds of colorful fish. The undersea world is made even more
colorful by the coral reefs of red, gold, white, and light purple. There are larger fish or sea
turtles that inhabit these reefs.
24 Scuba diving allows you to see the most interesting undersea sights. "SCUBA"
means "Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus," that is, equipment for breathing
and swimming around far under water. In Hawaii, you can take special courses to learn how
to scuba dive. After the courses, you can get a certificate that will allow you to dive alone.
Since it can be dangerous, proper instruction and great care are always necessary when you
are scuba diving.
30 If you are less adventurous, you might try snorkeling instead of scuba diving. Less
equipment is needed: just a face mask, a breathing tube (snorkel), and flippers for your feet. It
only takes a few minutes to learn how to snorkel. Although you cannot dive deep into the
water, you can swim with your face below the surface. Breathing through the tube, you float
on the surface and keep yourself moving with your flippers. Even from the surface like this,
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"Teachers open the door, but you must enter by yourself." - Chinese Proverb
b) Find the words in the text that mean the SAME as the following. Write only one word
in each blank.
c. Mark the following True (T) or False (F) according to the information in the text. And
correct the false sentences.
T F 1. Surfing began as a sport in Australia when the first Europeans arrived there.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
T F 2. Surfing involves a combination of skills.
________________________________________________________________________________________________
T F 3. Surfers should stay away from places where the waves start breaking.
________________________________________________________________________________________________
T F 4. Coral reefs are probably colorful fish.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
READING TEXT IV
Scan the newspaper article and answer the questions.
(Note to the students: The newspaper article below includes grammar and vocabulary
that you haven’t studied before. It might seem a bit difficult but the question asks you
to scan the text. Although it is difficult, you can answer the scanning questions. Give it a
try )
22
"Teachers open the door, but you must enter by yourself." - Chinese Proverb
The chart shows the results of a survey about the most important inventions in the last
300 years. Tick the correct statements below.
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"Teachers open the door, but you must enter by yourself." - Chinese Proverb
1...√… Many people selected the bicycle as the most important invention.
2……… For males, invention of the Internet is less important than the radio.
3…√… Both females and males think that invention of the Internet is more important than
the computer.
4…√… Women think that invention of mobile phone is more important than car.
5……… Computer is more popular among women than men.
6…√…. More females than males chose the bicycle.
7…√.... Internet is more popular among men than mobile phone.
8…….. The least important invention is car for females.
9…….. For men, cars are more useful than bicycle.
10...√… TV is the least important invention for both sexes.
***
SAMPLE EXAM
GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY
30. If you don’t pay the rent, you will be thrown out of the flat.
a) As you don’t pay the rent, you will have to move out of the flat.
b) Unless you pay the rent, they will throw you out of the flat.
c) As the rent hasn’t been paid, they will not throw you out of the flat.
d) Unless you pay the rent, you will not have to move out of the flat.
31. Scientists around the world are developing the technology to make space tourism
available for everybody. The most important step is cheap and reusable spacecraft. Other
plans are more adventurous. ……………………………………………………………. On the other hand,
Japanese airlines are working on plans for a sightseeing spaceship. So, space tourism will be a
new experience for ordinary people in the near future.
b) For instance, an American firm is building seven space stations with 100 space shuttles.
c) When tourists eventually start arriving in space, they will need more spacecrafts.
d) A spacecraft is still like a flying bomb which can be dangerous for space tourism.
32. Primitive people were less greedy than ‘civilised’ man. Due to their dependence on nature,
they lived in balance with it. …………………………………………………………………….. This is because
they believed that there was no need to be greedy because nature offered people enough to
satisfy their needs and we should be happy with what we’ve got.
The fast, high-tech lives of Americans have had a big (33) …………….. on American
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"Teachers open the door, but you must enter by yourself." - Chinese Proverb
society. Bad manners and behavior (34) …………….. typical in our hurried world. Many
Americans believe that manners have got worse and official figures confirm this. In a recent
survey, (35) …………….. 70 % said that people are ruder than they were 20 or 30 years ago.
This is true of both large and small towns, although 74 % of those living in cities said that
people have become ruder, compared with 67 % in (36) …………….. areas. (37) …………….., few
people believe that they have had bad manners themselves.
48. Your exams results are not good, but I ____________ your effort.
a) appreciate b) praise c) avoid d) affect
49. My friend ________ very pale when he lost his wallet full of money.
a) came b) took c) got d) went
50. It is a very quiet time of the year in this resort. Everywhere is ____________.
a) crowded b) empty c) vivid d) busy
51. I prefer __________ seats on a plane. I don’t like looking out because I am frightened.
a) aisle b) window c) business d) arrival
52. Tomorrow I have a speaking exam, so I am very _____________.
a) exciting b) excited c) nervous d) amazing
53. The price of the cars will _________ in 2012. You had better buy one before the New Year.
a) decrease b) increase c) decline d)fall
54. There are many cliffs along the _____.
a) lagoon b) wave c) coast d) sand
55. If you buy an extra 5,000, I’ll give you a _____.
a) quantity b) delivery c) import d) discount
READING
American and British people both speak English, of course, but sometimes it does not
seem like the same language. In fact, there are some important differences between British
and American English.
First of all, they sound very different. Often, Americans don’t say all the letters in each
word, especially consonants like “t” and “d”. For example, Americans may say “I dunno”
instead of “I don’t know,” or they may say “Whaddya say?” instead of “What do you say?”
However, the British usually pronounce their consonants more carefully.
Also, some letters have different sounds. For example, Americans say the “a” in “half”
like the “a” in “cat”, but the British say the “a” in “half” like the “o” in “soft”. The “r” is
sometimes said differently, too. When an American says “farmer,” you can usually hear the “r”.
But you cannot hear the “r” in British English. The British say “fahmah.”
Sound is not the only difference between British English and American English. The
two languages have different words for some things. For example, the words for clothing are
different. Americans use the word “sweater”, but the British say “jumper”. Americans wear
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"Teachers open the door, but you must enter by yourself." - Chinese Proverb
“vests” over their shirts, but in England they wear “vests” under their shirts. An American
man wears a “tuxedo” to a very fancy party, but an English man wears a “dinner-jacket.”
Americans talk about “pants” or “slacks”, but the British talk about “trousers”.
Many expressions are also different in the two countries. In England, if you are going
to telephone friends, you “ring them up”. In America, you “give them a call”. The British use
the word “lovely” to describe something they like. Americans use the word “nice” or “great”.
There are also some differences in grammar. For example, Americans almost always
use the helping word “do” with the verb “have”. They might say, “Do you have an extra pen?”
The British often ask the question in a different way. They might say, “Have you got an extra
pen?”
These differences can be confusing if you are learning English. But there is a reason for
the difference. Languages change over time. When the same language is used in different
places, it changes differently in each place. This is what happened to English. It also happened
to other languages, such as French. Many people in Canada speak French, but their French is
different from the French spoken in France.
REFERENCES
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar
www.sac.metu.edu.tr
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"Teachers open the door, but you must enter by yourself." - Chinese Proverb
MANILLA, Nov. 10- The Phillippine Air Force ferried medical teams and relief supplies today to
provinces ravaged by Typhoon Agnes. The authorities said 515 people died in the typhoon and more
than 400 were missing.
An Air Force spokesman said more than 163 tones of food, medicine and clothing had been
sent to the Visayan region, 300 miles South of Manila and more aids was on the way.
The typhoon hit the region on Monday. The spokesman said helicopters were rescuing people
stranded by floods that remained chest-deep today in some areas of Panay Island, which appeared to
have been hit the worst. Most of the fatalities and missing were on the island, where 445,000 people
were homeless.
The Philippine National Red Cross reported that 90 percent of the 86,000 houses in Capiz
Province on Panay were destroyed. Many of the dead were children who drowned as 30-foot waves
smashed into coastal villages.
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