(/)

Round Robin Scheduling Algorithm with Example

What is Round-Robin Scheduling?
The name of this algorithm comes from the round-
robin principle, where each person gets an equal
share of something in turns. It is the oldest, simplest
scheduling algorithm, which is mostly used for
multitasking.

In Round-robin scheduling, each ready task runs turn

by turn only in a cyclic queue for a limited time slice.
This algorithm also offers starvation free execution of processes.

In this Operating system tutorial, you will learn:

What is Round-Robin Scheduling?

Characteristics of Round-Robin Scheduling
Example of Round-robin Scheduling
Advantage of Round-robin Scheduling
Disadvantages of Round-robin Scheduling
Worst Case Latency

Characteristics of Round-Robin Scheduling

Here are the important characteristics of Round-Robin Scheduling:

Round robin is a pre-emptive algorithm

The CPU is shifted to the next process after fixed interval time, which is called time
quantum/time slice.
The process that is preempted is added to the end of the queue.
Round robin is a hybrid model which is clock-driven
Time slice should be minimum, which is assigned for a specific task that needs to be
processed. However, it may differ OS to OS.
It is a real time algorithm which responds to the event within a specific time limit.
Round robin is one of the oldest, fairest, and easiest algorithm. /
 Widely used scheduling method in traditional OS.

Example of Round-robin Scheduling

Consider this following three processes

Process Queue Burst time

P1 4

P2 3

P3 5

(/images/1/122319_0836_RoundRobinS1.png)

Step 1) The execution begins with process P1, which has burst time 4. Here, every process
executes for 2 seconds. P2 and P3 are still in the waiting queue.

/
 (/images/1/122319_0836_RoundRobinS2.png)

Step 2) At time =2, P1 is added to the end of the Queue and P2 starts executing

(/images/1/122319_0836_RoundRobinS3.png)

Step 3) At time=4 , P2 is preempted and add at the end of the queue. P3 starts executing.

/
 (/images/1/122319_0836_RoundRobinS4.png)

Ad

Real-time suggestions whenever you write. Try

Grammarly today

Grammarly Download

Step 4) At time=6 , P3 is preempted and add at the end of the queue. P1 starts executing.

/
 (/images/1/122319_0836_RoundRobinS5.png)

Step 5) At time=8 , P1 has a burst time of 4. It has completed execution. P2 starts execution

(/images/1/122319_0836_RoundRobinS6.png)

Step 6) P2 has a burst time of 3. It has already executed for 2 interval. At time=9, P2 completes
execution. Then, P3 starts execution till it completes.

/
 (/images/1/122319_0836_RoundRobinS7.png)

Step 7) Let's calculate the average waiting time for above example.

Wait time
P1= 0+ 4= 4
P2= 2+4= 6
P3= 4+3= 7

Advantage of Round-robin Scheduling

Here, are pros/benefits of Round-robin scheduling method:

It doesn't face the issues of starvation or convoy effect.

All the jobs get a fair allocation of CPU.
It deals with all process without any priority
If you know the total number of processes on the run queue, then you can also assume the
worst-case response time for the same process.
This scheduling method does not depend upon burst time. That's why it is easily
implementable on the system.
Once a process is executed for a specific set of the period, the process is preempted, and
another process executes for that given time period.
Allows OS to use the Context switching method to save states of preempted processes.
It gives the best performance in terms of average response time.
/
Disadvantages of Round-robin Scheduling
Here, are drawbacks/cons of using Round-robin scheduling:

If slicing time of OS is low, the processor output will be reduced.

This method spends more time on context switching
Its performance heavily depends on time quantum.
Priorities cannot be set for the processes.
Round-robin scheduling doesn't give special priority to more important tasks.
Decreases comprehension
Lower time quantum results in higher the context switching overhead in the system.
Finding a correct time quantum is a quite difficult task in this system.

Worst Case Latency

This term is used for the maximum time taken for execution of all the tasks.

dt = Denote detection time when a task is brought into the list

st = Denote switching time from one task to another
et = Denote task execution time

Formula:

T = {(dti+ sti + eti ), + (dti+ sti + eti )2 +...+ (dti+ sti + eti )N., + (dt
worst
i+ sti + eti + eti) N} + tISR
t,SR = sum of all execution times

Summary:

The name of this algorithm comes from the round-robin principle, where each person gets
an equal share of something in turns.
Round robin is one of the oldest, fairest, and easiest algorithms and widely used scheduling
methods in traditional OS.
Round robin is a pre-emptive algorithm
The biggest advantage of the round-robin scheduling method is that If you know the total
number of processes on the run queue, then you can also assume the worst-case response
time for the same process.
This method spends more time on context switching
/
 Worst-case latency is a term used for the maximum time taken for the execution of all the
tasks.

 Prev (/inter-process-communication-ipc.html) Report a Bug

Next  (/process-synchronization.html)

YOU MIGHT LIKE:

SDLC R PROGRAMMING R PROGRAMMING

(/stack-vs-heap.html) (/r-random-forest- (/r-while-loop.html)

(/stack-vs- tutorial.html) (/r- (/r-while-loop.html)
heap.html) random-forest- While Loop in R with Example
Stack vs Heap: Know the tutorial.html) (/r-while-loop.html)
Di erence R Random Forest Tutorial
(/stack-vs-heap.html) with Example
(/r-random-forest-
tutorial.html)

COURSE DEVOPS SDLC

(/qlikview-tutorial.html) (/ansible-tutorial.html) (/knapsack-problem-

(/qlikview- (/ansible- dynamic-
tutorial.html) tutorial.html) programming.html)
Qlikview Tutorial For Ansible Tutorial: Installation, (/knapsack-
Beginners: Learn in 1 Hour! Playbook, Roles, Commands problem-dynamic-
(/qlikview-tutorial.html) (/ansible-tutorial.html) programming.html)
Knapsack Problem: Dynamic
Programming Example
(/knapsack-problem-
dynamic-programming.html)

Operating System Tutorial

16) Introduction to DEADLOCK (/deadlock-in-operating-system.html)
/
17) FCFS S h d li Al ith (/f f h d li ht l)
17) FCFS Scheduling Algorithm (/fcfs-scheduling.html)

18) Paging in Operating System (/paging-in-operating-system.html)

19) Livelock (/what-is-livelock-example.html)

20) Inter Process Communication (/inter-process-communication-ipc.html)

21) Round Robin Scheduling Algorithm (/round-robin-scheduling-example.html)

22) Process Synchronization (/process-synchronization.html)

23) Process Scheduling (/process-scheduling.html)

24) Priority Scheduling Algorithm (/priority-scheduling-program.html)

25) Memory Management in OS (/os-memory-management.html)

26) Shortest Job First (SJF) (/shortest-job-first-sjf-scheduling.html)

 (https://www.facebook.com/guru99com/)
 (https://twitter.com/guru99com) 
(https://www.linkedin.com/company/guru99/)

(https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC19i1XD6k88KqHlET8atqFQ)

(https://forms.aweber.com/form/46/724807646.htm)

About
About Us (/about-us.html)
Advertise with Us (/advertise-us.html)
Write For Us (/become-an-instructor.html)
Contact Us (/contact-us.html)

Career Suggestion
SAP Career Suggestion Tool (/best-sap-module.html)
Software Testing as a Career (/software-testing-career-
complete-guide.html)

Interesting

/
eBook (/ebook-pdf.html)
Blog (/blog/)
Quiz (/tests.html)
SAP eBook (/sap-ebook-pdf.html)

Execute online
Execute Java Online (/try-java-editor.html)
Execute Javascript (/execute-javascript-online.html)
Execute HTML (/execute-html-online.html)
Execute Python (/execute-python-online.html)

© Copyright - Guru99 2020

        Privacy Policy (/privacy-policy.html)  |  Affiliate
Disclaimer (/affiliate-earning-disclaimer.html)  |  ToS
(/terms-of-service.html)