European Journal of Scientific Research

ISSN 1450-216X / 1450-202X Vol. 138 No 3 March, 2016, pp.123-132

http://www.europeanjournalofscientificresearch.com

Design and Simulation of Free Energy

Permanent Magnet Motor (FEPMM)

Amel A. Ridha
Communication and Electronics Engineering Department
Engineering Faculty, Kufa University, Najaf, Iraq
E-mail: amala.alsudani@uokufa.edu.iq
Tel: +9647506545602

Abstract

The objective of this work is to study the free energy permanent magnet motor,
where the natural repulsion or the attraction characteristic of magnet poles creates a
perpetual motion which can be harnessed by the magnet motor. In the present work, a
magnetic motor employing two parts of stator and rotor was designed and its operation was
analyzed. The essential idea of this work have started by taking advantage of permanent
magnet properties in these machines when replacing electric coils by permanent magnets,
to build a free energy magnetic motor . These magnets were selected according to the
characteristics and influencing factors such as temperature and stored energy. A two-
dimensional computer model of the motor was designed in order to perform a finite
element magnetic analysis.
The building engineering models using simulation software (FEMM4.2) ,Then
implementation the prototype by putting a disc(internal rotor part) between two discs
(external stators parts), the two motor's parts consist of magnets type (Nd Fe 38) which
spaced by equal distances. Series of internal and external parts were organized with
different opposite polarity that created a series of free movement of rotor.

Keywords: Attraction, Flux Density, Free Energy, Permanent Magnet Motor & Repulsion

I. Introduction
The Magnet motor ( free energy generator) is a respectable, intense and well-looking topology of a free
energy generator. It takes a shot at a guideline of the capable neodymium permanent magnets. In the
standard engine, the magnetic field is created by the electric curls, normally made of copper (Cu) or
infrequently aluminum (Al). Since both copper and aluminum are not superconductors (their resistance
is not zero), the customary electric motor persistently needs the electric energy to keep up the magnetic
field. [1]
The coils are squandering the force, transforming it into a heat, as a result of their resistance.
The electric energy needs to ceaselessly stream into the system, rewarding the energy losses. The
Magnet motor has no coils and accordingly no power losses and can be utilized even as a free energy
generator. It is utilizing the permanent magnetic field of the magnets to create the force moving the
rotor. [2]
Simulation of new designed electric machines are carry out in order to fault of design could be
discovered before manufacturing of prototype.

Plan: 1. Ultimate Energizer 2. Ether 3. Permanent Magnet 4. Atmospheric Electricity

 Design and Simulation of Free Energy Permanent Magnet Motor (FEPMM) 124

There are some programs for computing technical issues than commercial ones, like (FEMM)
finite element method program that requirements for users’ skills are also less. Another advantage of is
fully sufficient for solving some technical problems in industry [3].

II. Permanent Magnet Materials

There arefour types of the modern magnets, in view of their material structure. Inside every class is a
group of evaluations with their own particular magnetic properties. These classes are :Samarium
Cobalt ,Alnico ,Neodymium Iron Boron and Ceramic.
The magnetic measurements for the soft magnetic materials were carried out using
apermeameter. The purpose of a magnetic measurement is to extract the magnetic properties of a
material, such as coercivity. [4]
Because of both of SmCo and NdFeB materials composed from the Rare earth group of
elements they are known as Rare Earth magnets.NdFeB is the most new commercial addition to the
family of modern magnet materials. At room temperatures, NdFeB magnets show the most astounding
properties of all magnet materials. High coercivity and remanence for Nd-Fe-B this consider the main
advantages of Nd-Fe-B.[5]

III. Magnetic Circuits and Operating Point

In order to configure the magnetic circuit, an operating point has to be set that willdetermine the energy
transferred from the magnet to the gap. Consider an idealizedmagnetic circuit where the magnetic
permeability µr of the soft magnetic materialsare infinite so that their reluctances can be ignored. Since
the sum of MMF's in thecircuit equals zero, the line integral of the magnetic field along the path of the
circuitbecomes
( . ** +( . * =0
(1)
+ =0 (2)
Where
ℎ ℎ /
ℎ ℎ ℎ
ℎ ℎ /
ℎ ℎ ℎ
= − (3)
Curve is modelled,because the sign is negative.flux is continuos as not have a source or
sink,therefore the total flux in the magnet can be equated to the flux in external space:
= (4)
Multiplication of Equation 3 and 4 result in
=− (5)
=− (6)
The airgap = μ = −
The previous becomes:
"# $
= −μ … (7)
! " $#

The ratio is only dependent on the geometry of the magnetic circuit.

!
Seen from the eq.(7) ,the slope of the load line is only dependent on the geometry of the
magnetic circuit.However,since the airgap in the linear motors and actuators is of variable
dimensions,the load line will also vary,unlike with other magnetic circuits.In a practical situation its
safe practice to account for the magnetic flux leakage and the finite magnetic permeability. Two new
quantities are introduced,the leakage coefficient%& and the loss factor %' .[6]
Plan: 1. Ultimate Energizer 2. Ether 3. Permanent Magnet 4. Atmospheric Electricity
 125 Sumalatha V. and Santhi. R
+ ,-. /.01 23 425402, 678/0. /.019$8-:- 8 /.01
%& = = (8)
678/0. /.01 678/0. /.01
;- 38,24 ;;<
%' = (9)
678/0. ;;<
The load line equation (7) then becomes: [7]
= "# $
= −μ > (10)
! =? " $#

IV. Motor Design

1. Magnetic Field and Mathematical Description of the Circuit
The design of the model consists of a stator where 18 magnets are mounted on the plate with two
stages each one has 9 magnets the outer radius of stator is (@7 = 6.5 cm) and the inner radius is(@72 =
2cm)as shown in fig (1-a) and the rotor which consists of 16 magnets are fixed in two stages each
stages has 8 magnets the outer radius of rotor is (@5 = 6 cm) and the inner radius is (@52 = 1cm) as shown
in fig (1-b)

Figure 1: The configuration of (a) stator and (b) rotor

(a) (b)

It can be shown that the magnetic field gradient can be calculated analytically for any chosen
circular geometry.The Biot-Savart lawcan be invoked to give the elemental field dB at a radial distance
(r)from the source of the magneticfield:
&
= A ? (11)
5
The normalized field decay with respect to B_O will be given by
B?
= A ? ………………………………. (12)
-
The distance r from the magnetic field source can now be replaced by Equation 12, to describe
the field decay in terms of: [8]
B?
= (13)
C -?
quantities the field in the immediate vicinity of the magnet where a is the arc of the circle
and θ is the angle between two slots,
D D B? 'B
= E F = A ? …………………… (14)
DB DB -? -
Fig. 2 and fig. 3 illustrate a plot of Equation 13 for stator and rotor.

Plan: 1. Ultimate Energizer 2. Ether 3. Permanent Magnet 4. Atmospheric Electricity

 Design and Simulation of Free Energy Permanent Magnet Motor (FEPMM) 126
Fig
Figure 2: The normalized magnitude of B w.r.t. Bo as seen by the stator magnets, for a full rotation of 2π
2
radians

Fig
Figure 3: The normalized magnitude of B w.r.t. Bo as seen by the rotor magnets, for
for a full rotation of
2πradians

2.. Torque
D!
A magnetic dipole moment
moment subjected to a magnetic field gradient will experience a force equal to
DI
D!
F=μ (15)
DI
Eq.15 can be transformed from cartesian into polar coosdinates, and will become
D! D
F=μ (16)
DB DB
It was assumed that the magnetization of the rotor magnets will always be parallel to that of the
stator magnets, as the rotor rotates about its axis.Therefore the torque experienced by a rotor of radius
r when subjected
subjected to a force F will be:
1 J L
H = 0 @J @L = - 1 M@J KL @L KJ N
G= r HF (17)
0 KJ KL
Therefore to determine torque analytically,two quantities must be known( r & F). [9]
r = (0,r_y ,r_z ) and F=(0 ,F_y ,F_z)
,F_z
Fig. (4) the two factors which lie on the(y, z) plane in the context of the magnetic motor.

Plan: 1. Ultimate Energizer 2. Ether 3. Permanent Magnet 4. Atmospheric Electricity

 127 Sumalatha V. and Santhi. R
Figure 4: a- stator, b-Three dimensional motor design, c- rotor, d- the 3D of (FEPMM) and e- the rotation
force of stator and rotor magnetic field

(a) (b) (c)

(c) (d)

The induced torque on the rotor will therefore only have one component, that is the x- direction
(depending only on the choice of the plane where the forces lie).If the modulus of magnetization m is
taken to be the same value for all magnets,then the only quantity T will depend upon is the gradient
D
( ) .therefore
DB
D
G1 = @ (18)
DB

V. Measurements and Results

1. Practical Aspects of the Motor Design
1.1 Geometry
The purpose of the circular-shaped stator is to induce a torque on the rotor, via a magnetic field
gradient. In practice, a continuous gradient as implied by the expression dB/dθ, is possible only with a
permanent magnet, magnetized parallel to its thickness.
The flux density seen from the rotor magnets as the rotor rotates 2π radians would then
resemble very closely to the trend of fig.(2). it was decided that the magnetic field gradient could be
assumed continuous by placing numerous permanent magnets of small enough sizeas shown in
fig.(5)in a slots of stator and rotor with circular arrangement stages, as depicted in fig. (4-a&c).
However, this would inevitably lead to a B versus θplot that would deviate from fig.(2). The only
workaround to get a good approximation to a continuous gradient was to increase the density of the
magnets and therefore reduce the spacing between adjacent magnets, in order to get a higher spatial
resolution.

Plan: 1. Ultimate Energizer 2. Ether 3. Permanent Magnet 4. Atmospheric Electricity

 Design and Simulation of Free Energy Permanent Magnet Motor (FEPMM) 128
Figure 5: Isometric and top views of the magnets

(a) (b) (c) (d)

1.2 Material Selection

Initially, the idea was to permanently mount the magnets on a circular arrangement stages. However, it
then became apparent that there is a necessity of making the prototype as flexibleas possible, such as to
allow later modifications. Gluing the magnets was an option. The stator and rotor are made from
plastic with thickness of 2cm for stator and 1.2cmfor rotor,the rotor was putting between two stators as
shown in fig.(4-b )as it would interfere with the desired operation of the motor.Fig. (6-a) illustrate the
final design of the magnetic motor housing and fig. (6-b) the side view of the motor housing and the
three holes positions of stator screw.

Figure 6: Illustrate the final design of the magnetic motor housing

(a) (b)

The wide commercial availability ofNdFeB magnets made it possible to purchase magnets of
decent dimensions and BHmax at a relatively low cost.Also, the initial design depended a great deal on
the available magnet dimensions, since purchasing custom-made magnets would prove time and
money consuming .Table (1) lists the magnetic properties specific to that grade of NdFeB.

Table 1: NdFeB Material Properties

Intrensic Coersive Maximum Energy

Material Remanance (Br) Coersive force Hcb(Hc)
force Hcj(Hj) product (BH)max
Grade
mT G K A/m Oe K A/m Oe K J/OP MGOe
N38 1220 12200 899 11300 1355 17000 286 36

The magnetic properties of the plastic were negligible. Also, the stator and rotor core consist of
two stages each stage contains of 9 holes (slots) for stator and 8 for rotor,on which the magnets
(NdFeB 38) are put inside them as shown in fig.(4-a) and fig.(4-c).

VI. Model Design

1.Finite Element Analysis
In this work, the design of the proposedopen source magnet motor and analysis by simulation program
FEMM 4.2.
Plan: 1. Ultimate Energizer 2. Ether 3. Permanent Magnet 4. Atmospheric Electricity
 129 Sumalatha V. and Santhi. R

The Finite Element Method is a numerical analysis method of solving systems governed by
differential equations. It is used to predict the behavior of many different types of physical systems, by
enabling the conversion of a boundary value problem into a system of equations that is suited for
computer resolution.
The first step to work in FEMM is to build a geometric model by FEMM itself or using the
CAD software complex geometric models. In this work, the 2D geometric model was imported to the
FEMM 4.2 after processes and simulation using Auto Cadas shown in fig. (7).
The simulation was configured a series of permanent magnets oblique angle to get a positive
force in the direction of Fx .Where the string is made up of four parts, a two fixed outer series
represent the stator while the two inner moveable series represents the rotor. Also Number of magnets
consisting of a series in a linear arrangement was chosen using the trial and error method ,as well as,
rely on past experiences, so many that the number of attempts but we will review some of them for the
purpose of analysis and discussion. The simulation data which are average reaction Force Fx and Fy
for moveable series magnets.The geometric model diagram of the simulation of the magnet in linear
arrangement have same polarity of permanent magnet and dimensions in all cases, while αº is
deference between them and was changed the number and deviation angles for permanent magnets to
get get the best results . Dimensions and mesh processing for geometric model are shown in fig.(7).

Figure 7: Model of Magnets in Linear Arrangement for (FEPMM)

The simulationhad been performed to study the natural properties of the magnets and the
method to use the magnetic energy. The behavior of permanent magnets can be studied by knowing the
direction of the magnetic flux intensity lines and force of the magnetic field is produced as shown in
fig.(8),the horizontal and vertical force is calculated that affecting on the moving magnet (rotor) for
each vertical distance with (one magnet) step.

Figure 8: flux density for Model of Magnets in Linear Arrangement

It is clear from the results that horizontal force (Fx) is virtually non- existent on the contrary of
the vertical force (Fy). The vertical force (Fy) Inversely proportional with the spacing distance between
Plan: 1. Ultimate Energizer 2. Ether 3. Permanent Magnet 4. Atmospheric Electricity
 Design and Simulation of Free Energy Permanent Magnet Motor (FEPMM) 130

magnets, while because of existence of Symmetry in magnetic field on the both side of it, leading to a
state of equilibrium on vertical axis, which leads to the horizontal force be equal to be zero almost .It
can be noticed through the result that the vertical force be symmetrical around mid-point distance and
this shows that the vertical force required to access equal to the horizontal force generated by the exist
as shown in fig.(9).

Figure 9: The forces results of linear arrangments

The circular arrangement in fig.( 4 ) had been analyzed,The simulation data which are average
reaction Force Fx and Fy for moveable circular magnets as shown in the table of fig. (10),where it has
been found the output torque and all the losses by rotating the rotor in 360 degree.The result torque is
represents as in fig.(11) a positive torque represents a starting point toward movement while the
negative torque represents opposite of the movement, which represents weakening point.

Figure 10: circular design and analysis for Free Energy permanent magnet

Figure 11: result torque for 360°

Plan: 1. Ultimate Energizer 2. Ether 3. Permanent Magnet 4. Atmospheric Electricity

 131 Sumalatha V. and Santhi. R

2. Equivalent Magnetic Circuit

The magnetic circuit of this motoris illustrated in fig.(12). The magnetic circuit comprises of the
permanent magnetsof the rotor and stator, the air-gap reluctance, the back-iron reluctance and the
leakagereluctance as in sub fig.(11-a). When the position of the rotor is such that one of the
rotormagnets faces the electromagnet and not one of the stator magnets, the magnetic circuitof subfig.
(12-b) is in effect where one source of MMF is replaced by Ni ampere-turns.The total reluctance ST of
fig (12)will then be:
RS . R# R R
Q+ = + T+ T (19)
RS 9 R# ' '
Where Sb: is the back iron reluctance, Sg: is thegap reluctance and and Sl is theleakage
reluctance.
;;<
U + = 2 WS . W# (20)
WS X W#
9RT

Figure 12: Equivalent magnetic circuit for the (FEPMM) when the rotor position is such that the rotor magnet
is facing astator magnet

(a) (b)

V. Conclusion
The FEMM4.2 program is one of the best programs in the study and analysis of open source magnetic
motor because it provides a wide range of possibilities and analysis.
Cylindrical magnet shape is the best type found of various shape simulation due to the regular
distribution of the magnetic flux lines which seems the squirrel cage rotor which depends the
cylindrical shape as well as the ability to control the direction of magnetic lines.
Fy inversely proportional with the spacing distance between magnets, while because of
existence of symmetry in magnetic field on the both side of Y-axis, leading to a state of equilibrium on
vertical axis, which leads to the Fx be equal to zero.Fx be symmetrical around mid-point distance and
this shows that Fx required to access equal to thehorizontal force generated by the exist.
By examination of the simulated curve in fig.s (8) and (10) the flux density at 0 radiansholds a
value of 0:0076 T. The flux density of 0:0012 T at 90° is taken, since it isat that point where the peak is
located and therefore this marks one end.
The linear arrangement simulation found that the horizontal force is neglecting value, the
vertical force has positive values all time that means the( FEPMM) will don't stop during its rotation
,but it needs external force for braking.
The torque depending on the situation, a positive torque represents a starting point toward
movement and this .The torque values are positive any does not have points shall continue to weaken
the ongoing movement, and found the total loss for all cases equal to zero.

Plan: 1. Ultimate Energizer 2. Ether 3. Permanent Magnet 4. Atmospheric Electricity

 Design and Simulation of Free Energy Permanent Magnet Motor (FEPMM) 132

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[2] Cullity B. and Graham C. ,"Introduction to magnetic materials" ,2ndedition ,Wiley publishers, 2009.
[3] Svoboda J.,"Magnetic Techniques for the Treatment of Materials", Kluwer Academic Publishers,
2004.
[4] Patrick J. Kelly ," Practical guide to free energy devices", e-book, 2015.
[5] Adrwish, Salahadin Muhammed Ali,"The processing and characterizationofrecycled NdFeB
based magnets", Ph.D. thesis, University of Birmingham ,2013
[6] Griffiths D.J." Introduction to Electrodynamics", 3rd Edition. Prentice Hallof India, 2002.
[7] Melissa Styth ,"Excitons in a dilute magnetic semiconductor in the presence of an In
homogeneous magnetic field ", Doctoral thesis, University of Bath, Department of Physics, 2013.
[8] Aharoni A. ,"Introduction to the theory of Ferromagnetism", Oxford SciencePublications, 2nd
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[9] A. B. Dzyubenko.," Intraexcitonic transitions in two-dimensionalsystems in a highmagnetic
field."Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics ,1997.

Plan: 1. Ultimate Energizer 2. Ether 3. Permanent Magnet 4. Atmospheric Electricity