Acronyms, abbreviations and symbols

A Heat transfer area, m2

AHEN,min Minimum heat transfer area for a HEN, m2
aL Regression parameter for the intercept ratio in a steam turbine, 1
AST Intermediate regression parameter in the steam turbine model, MW
atot Regression parameter for the total energy flow in a steam turbine,
MW
b0 Regression parameter in the steam turbine model, MW
b1 Regression parameter in the steam turbine model, MW/°C
b2 Regression parameter in the steam turbine model, 1
b3 Regression parameter in the steam turbine model, 1/°C
BCCs Balanced Composite Curves
BFW Boiler feed water
bL Regression parameter for the intercept ratio in a steam turbine, 1/°C
BST Intermediate regression parameter in the steam turbine model, 1
btot Regression parameter for the total energy flow in a steam turbine, 1
C Cooler / Cold utility
CC Composite Curve
CCC Cold Composite Curve
CHP ‘Combined Heat and Power’, usually meaning ‘Combined Heat and
Power Generation’
COND Condenser
COP Coefficient of performance for a thermodynamic machine – heat
pump, refrigerator, etc., (-)
CP Stream heat capacity flowrate, kW/°C or MW/°C
Cp,stream Stream specific heat capacity, kJ/(kg⋅°C)
CPC Heat capacity flowrate of a cold stream, kW/°C or MW/°C
CPH Heat capacity flowrate of a hot stream, kW/°C or MW/°C
CW Cooling Water
GCC Grand Composite Curve
H [heat Enthalpy flow, kW or MW
exchange]
H [topology] Heater / Hot utility
HCC Hot Composite Curve
HEN Heat Exchanger Network
HI Heat Integration
hIN,COLD Inlet enthalpy of a cold stream, kJ/kg
hIN,HOT Inlet enthalpy of a hot stream, kJ/kg
hOUT,COLD Outlet enthalpy of a cold stream, kJ/kg
hOUT,HOT Outlet enthalpy of a hot stream, kJ/kg
HP (steam) High pressure (steam)

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XII       Acronyms, abbreviations and symbols

hs / hstream Heat transfer coefficient (film) of a process stream, kW/(m2⋅°C)

hSTEXT Enthalpy of a steam turbine exhaust, MWh/t
hSTIN Enthalpy of a steam turbine inlet, MWh/t
IP (steam) Intermediate pressure (steam)
L Steam turbine intercept ratio for calculation of the Willan’s line coef-
ficients, 1
LP (steam) Low pressure (steam)
mCOLD Cold stream mass flow rate, kg/s
MER Maximum Energy Recovery
mHOT Hot stream mass flow rate, kg/s
mmax Maximum steam mass flow through a steam turbine, t/h
MP (steam) Medium pressure (steam)
mSTEAM Steam flow, t/h
mstream Stream mass flow rate, kg/s
NC Number of cold streams
NH Number of hot streams
nST Slope of the Willan’s line for steam turbines, MWh/t
PI Process Integration
PTA Problem Table Algorithm
Q Heat load/duty, kW or MW
QC Utility cooling demand/load, kW or MW
QCmin Minimum utility cooling, in the context of a process-level Pinch
Analysis, kW or MW
QDIST Heat load associated with a distillation column, kW or MW
QH Utility heating demand/load, kW or MW
QHE Heat exchanger duty, kW or MW
QHmin Minimum utility heating, in the context of a process-level Pinch
Analysis, kW or MW
QREC Heat Recovery load, kW or MW
qs / qstream Enthalpy change flow of a process stream or its part, kW or MW
Qsink Heat load supplied by a heat pump to a heat sink, kW or MW
Qsource Heat load drawn by a heat pump from a heat source, kW or MW
QSTREAM Heat load of a process stream, kW or MW
QUC,above Cold utility load above the Pinch, kW or MW
QUH,below Hot utility load below the Pinch, kW or MW
REB Reboiler
SUGCC Site Utility Grand Composite Curve
T Temperature, °C
T* Shifted temperature – mainly used in the process-level Pinch Analy-
sis, for the Grand Composite Curve, °C
T** Double-shifted temperature – used for representing the plots for
Total Site targeting, °C

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 Acronyms, abbreviations and symbols       XIII

T*PINCH Pinch shifted temperature, °C

TB Temperature boundary
TCOLD PINCH Pinch temperature for the cold streams, °C
THOT PINCH Pinch temperature for the hot streams, °C
TS Total Site
TS / Tstart Starting (supply) temperature, °C
TS* Shifted starting temperature, °C
Tsink Temperature of a heat sink (of a heat pump), °C
Tsource Temperature of a heat source (of a heat pump), °C
TSP Total Site Profile
TT / Tend Ending (target) temperature, °C
TT* Shifted target (end) temperature, °C
Tx Unknown temperature to be calculated, °C
U Overall heat transfer coefficient, kW/(m2⋅°C)
U, W Heat loads shifted via a HEN loop and HEN path, MW
VHP (steam) Very High Pressure (steam)
W Power, kW, MW
WINT Intercept of the Willan’s line for steam turbines, MW
WMAX Maximum power from a steam turbine, MW
Wtotal Total energy flow consumed from the fluid in a steam turbine, MW
XP Cross-Pinch heat transfer, kW or MW
ΔH Enthalpy difference (Enthalpy Flow), kW or MW
Δhis Isentropic enthalpy change across a steam turbine, MWh/t
ΔT Temperature difference, °C
ΔTinterval Temperature difference of a temperature interval, °C
ΔTLM Logarithmic-mean temperature difference (for a heat exchanger), °C
ΔTmin Minimum allowed temperature difference, °C
ΔTPUMP Temperature lift of a heat pump, °C
ΔTsat Saturation temperature drop across a steam turbine or an expansion
zone, °C
ηmech Efficiency of the mechanical transmission of a steam turbine
(eventually including the power generator), 1

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