Thermometry

• Thermometry is a branch of physics which

deals with the measurement of temperature.
 Ice point and steam point
• Ice point refers to the freezing point .
• Steam point refers to the boiling point of pure
water .
 Triple point
• Triple point of a substance is the temperature
at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and
solid) of that substance coexist .
• The triple point of pure water in different
scale given as 0.01°C , 273.16K, 32.01°F
 Temperature
• Temperature represents the degree of hotness
or coldness of a body.
• Temperature represents the thermal state of a
body and determines in which direction heat
will flow.
• The SI unit of temperature is kelvin (K),
whereas degree celsius (°C) is a commonly
used unit of temperature.
 Celsius Scale
• In this scale ice-point temperature as 0°C and
the steam point temperature as 100°C.
• The space between 0°C and 100°C marks is
equally divided into 100 intervals.
 Fahrenheit Scale
• In this scale ice-point temperature as 32°F and
the steam point temperature as 212°F.
• The space between 32°F and 212°F is divided
into 180 equal intervals.
 Kelvin scale
• In this scale ice-point temperature as 273.15K
and the steam point temperature as 373.15 K.
• The space between 273.15K and 373.15 K
marks is equally divided into 100 intervals.
 Fixed points in thermometer
• A thermometer has two fixed points namely
upper fixed point (U. F. P.) and lower fixed point
(L. F. P.)
• The difference between them is called
Fundamental interval (F. I.).
• Upper Fixed Point (U. F. P.) : It is that temperature
at which pure water boils under normal
atmospheric pressure.
• Lower Fixed Point (L. F.. P) : It is that temperature
at which pure ice melts under normal
atmospheric pressure.
Conversion of reading from
one scale to another
Relation between different
temperature scales
Relation between Celsius temperature
(0c) and Fahrenheit temperature (0F)
 Thermometric property
• A physical property that changes with
temperature is called a thermometric
property.
• Any thermometric property can be used to
establish a temperature scale.
Constant volume thermometer
Platinum resistance thermometer
Mercury thermometer
 Temperature of sample
(modern thermometry)
• In this thermometry there is only one fixed point that
is triple point of water
 Thermometer
• An instrument deviced to measure the
temprature of a body is called "thermoeter".
•
 Mercury thermometer
• The range mercury thermometer is - 38.87°C
and to 356°C but the upper limit can be
increased to about 500°C by filling the top of
the tube with nitrogen under pressure.
 Gas thermometer
• Thermometric property- pressure of gas
• Their temperature range is between - 260°C to
1600°C.
 Platinum resistance thermometer
• The platinum resistance thermometer works
on the principle of Wheatstone bridge .
• Thermometric property : resistance of
platinum wire
• In such thermometers "Stem Corrections" are
eliminated by the use of compensating leads.
• Range = (-182) °C to 1200°C.
 Thermoelectric Thermometers
• based on Seebeck effect
• Range : - 320°C to 1600°C
 Pyrometers
• based on Stefan's law
• Measure temperature by radiation .
 Vapour Pressure Thermometers
• based on the well-known fact that the vapour-
pressure of a liquid varies uniquely with the
temperature.
 Magnetic Thermometers
• It is based on Curie-Law according to which
magnetic susceptibility of a paramagnetic salt
varies inversely as its absolute temperature.
• Based on principle of adiabatic
demagnetisation.
Numerical bank
Thermometry

Ans-1
 Temperature
(introduction)
Temperature

Ans-1
Temperature

Ans-2
Temperature

Ans-4
Temperature scale relation
Temperature scale relation

Ans-3
Temperature scale relation

Ans-3
Temperature scale relation
(graph)

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Temperature scale relation
(graph)

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Temperature scale
(faulty)

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Temperature scale
(faulty)

Ans-4
Temperature scale
(faulty)

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Temperature scale
(new scale)

Ans-3
Temperature scale

Ans-1
Temperature change relation
Temperature change relation

Ans-2
Temperature change relation

Ans-4
Temperature change relation

Ans-3
Temperature change relation

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Temperature change relation

Ans-3
Temperature change relation

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Thermometric property
Thermometric property

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Thermometric property

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Thermometric property

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Thermometric property

Ans-2
Variation of pressure with temperature

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Thermometer
(range)

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Thermometer

Ans-1
Thermometer

Ans-3
Thermometer

Ans-1
Thermometer

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