1

4-Seminal vesicles​:
-It is a tubular, sac like, ​glandular structure​ , situated behind the neck
of the bladder. It's duct to join the vas deference to form common
ejaculatory ducts.
-The secretion of seminal vesicles is essential component of ​semen.
The bulk of semen (upto 70%) is formed by secretion of seminal
vesicles.

5-Prostate:
The prostate gland is a firm, dense structure that is located
just below the urinary bladder. It is about the size of a walnut and
surroundings the urethra. . It is ​fibro-musculo - glandular structure​.The
secretions of the prostate are thin, milky colored, and alkaline (it forms
about 20% volume of semen) They function to enhance the motility of
the sperm.

6-Cowper's gland (bulbo-urethral gland)​ :

The paired bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands are small, about
the size of a pea, and located near the base of the penis. In response
to sexual stimulation, the bulbourethral glands secrete an alkaline
mucus-like fluid. ​This fluid neutralizes the acidity of the urine residue
in the urethra, helps to neutralize the acidity of the vagina, and
provides some lubrication for the tip of the penis during intercourse.

7-Urethra:
The urethra extends from the urinary bladder to the external
urethral orifice at the tip of the penis. It provides common pathway for
flow ​urine​ and ​semen. ​ It is long tube like structure, about 20cm long.
It is divided into ​three parts--

1
 2

1-Prostatic urethra​-it is upper part of urethra. It arises from the neck

of the bladder. It carries only urine.
2-Membranous urethra​ - it is small middle part, situated below
prostate. It receives the opening of ejaculatory ducts and ducts from
prostate and Cowper's gland. It carries both urine and semen.
3-Penile urethra- ​It passes through the penis and open to outside.

8-Penis:

- The penis, the male copulatory organ, is a cylindrical

pendant organ located anterior to the scrotum and functions to
transfer sperm to the vagina. The penis consists of three columns of
erectile tissue​ that are wrapped in connective tissue and covered with
skin. The ​two dorsal columns are the corpora cavernosa.​ The single,
midline ventral column surrounds the urethra and is called the ​corpus
spongiosum

-The penis has a ​root, body (shaft), and glans penis​. The corpus
spongiosum expands at the distal end to form the glans penis. . A
loose fold of skin, called the ​prepuce, or foreskin​, covers the glans
penis.(some time it removed surgically called, ​circumcision).

-The spongy and eretile tissue of penis are richly supplied with blood
vessels and contains blood sinuses

-Under sexual stimulation, blood rapidly enters these sinuses, that

makes penis stiff and rgid.

-Penis is used to pass out urine and it also used to deposit semen into
vagina.

2
 3

Semen:
● semen is viscous, whitish, liquid, which is ejaculated through
penis during extreme sexual stimulation. It is alkaline in nature.
Semen contain sperms.
● The bulk of semen is formed by the secretions of seminal
vesicles, prostate and cowper's gland.
Amount & sperm counts:
● The volume of semen in a single ejaculation may vary from 1.5
to 6.0 ml. There are usually between ​50 to 150 million sperm per
milliliter of semen.​ Sperm counts below 10 to 20 million per
milliliter, there is usually, ​sterility​(I.e ​inability to fertilize an ovum)
.
● Even in normal semen, sterility may results, when there are too
many ​none-motile sperms​ in the semen

(​Note-​ sterility should not be confused with impotence. ​Sterility​ is

unability of sperms to fertilize ovum. On other hand, ​Impotency​ is
associated with dysfunction in penile erection)