Theory of Structures (SEV320)

Week 1
Introduction, revision of statics

Dr Bidur Kafle
Email: bidur.kafle@deakin.edu.au
Deakin University CRICOS Provider Code: 00113B
 Outline
• Introduction
• Unit Overview
• Basic revision of statics

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 Introduction
Teaching Team:
Unit Chair, lecturer and tutor:
Bidur Kafle, PhD
School of Engineering, Deakin University
Email: bidur.kafle@deakin.edu.au
Phone: 52278327

Lecturer and tutor:

Mahbube Subhani, PhD
School of Engineering, Deakin University
Email: mahbube.subhani@deakin.edu.au
Phone: 52271358

Practical Demonstrator:
Saman Rahimi Reskati
School of Engineering, Deakin University
Email: srahimireskati@deakin.edu.au
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 Unit Overview
• What are the unit learning outcomes ?
• How will they be assessed? What types of assessments
are to be completed?
• How will I be taught in this unit?
• What is covered in the unit/ what are the resources
available to complete the assessments?
• What are the expectations in this unit? Any hurdle
requirements and pass mark ?

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 Unit Overview
• What are the unit learning outcomes ? Unit guide

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 Unit Overview
Assessments
• 2 Assignments
• Written calculations of problems
• Worth 20% each (40% of overall unit)
• Due in Week 6 (Friday, 24 April) and Week 10 (Friday, 22 May)
• Practical report
• 2 practicals in Week 4 & 5 (week 6 for cloud students)
• Worth 10% of overall unit
• Report due in Week 8 (Friday, 8 May)
• Hurdle requirement
• Final exam
• Calculations
• Worth 50% of overall unit
• Hurdle requirement
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 Unit Overview
Teaching and learning format
• Class – 2 hours/week
• Every Tuesday of the week
• Introduction of the basic theoretical concepts with examples
• Seminars – 2 hours/ week
• Problem solving exercises
• Good opportunity for discussion and individual feedback
• Seminars start in week 1 (Cloud seminar also from week 1
Wednesday at 7 pm)
• Practicals – 2 pracs @ 1 hour each = 2 hours in a trimester
• Truss (influence line diagram) and beam deflection
• Both practicals will be conducted in 2 hours slot (self enrol via STAR
• Practical report to be submitted
• Hurdle requirement
• Self guided study 7
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Weekly Schedule
Class Readings, Activities Assessment Seminar
Week Tuesday Book: Structural Analysis,
Thurs, Fri
17:00-18:50 R.C. Hibbeler, 9th edition
1) March 9 Mon - 13 Fri Introduction, revision of statics Chapters 1,2 and 3 Extra
Stability and determinacy of structure Seminars
Chapters 2 and 4
2) March 16 Mon - 20 Fri SF and BM diagrams on beams and frames are

Determinate
Influence lines for determinate structure Chapter 6
offered on

structure
3) March 23 Mon - 27 Fri
every
Influence lines for determinate structure
Chapter 6 Friday for
4) March 30 Mon - April 4 Fri
All Pracs are weeks 1-4
Deflection Calculation for determinate structures-
Chapter 8 in weeks 4 & 5
5) April 6 Mon - 10 Fri Double Integration method & Conjugate beam method

6) April 20 Mon - 24 Fri Deflection Calculation for determinate structures- Chapter 9 Intensive week
Energy method
Assignment 1 due (24 April)
7) April 27 Mon – May 1 Fri Force method of analysis (Indeterminate Structures) Chapter 10

Indeterminate
8) May 4 Mon – May 8 Fri Force method of analysis (Indeterminate Structures) Chapter 10
Practical report due (8 May)

structure
Displacement method of analysis- Moment distribution
9) May 11 Mon - 15 Fri Chapter 12
(Indeterminate Structures)

Displacement method of analysis- Moment distribution

10) May 18 Mon - 22 Fri
(Indeterminate Structures) Chapter 12
Assignment 2 due (22 May)

Influence lines for Indeterminate structures Chapter 10

11) May 25 Mon - 29 Fri
Review
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 Timetable
Practicals: Week 4 and 5 in KE2.114 (please register in STAR to attend)

Time Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

10:00-10:50 Seminar
11:00-11:50 KA4.412
12:00-12:50
13:00-13:50
14:00-14:50 Extra Seminar
15:00-15:50 IB3.232 (Week 1-4)
16:00-16:50 Seminar
17:00- 17:50 Class DD2.218
18:00- 18:50 KA3.411
Intensive week activities in Week 6
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 Resources
• Prescribed Textbook
• Hibbeler, RC, 2017 “Structural Analysis” 9th edition in SI units
• Cloud Unit site
• Class lecture slides and recordings
• Weekly seminar worksheet and solutions
• Discussion board
• Practice problems
• Unit Teaching Team

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 Unit Overview
Hurdle Requirement

• At least 40% in the examination

• At least 40% in practical report
• At least 50% in overall unit

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 Unit Overview

More questions:
• Will I work independently or in teams?
• Learn in teams and help each others, but finish
assignments independently
• How can I access staff and other types of support?
• Discussion board in CloudDeakin
• Make appointment through email
• After-class consultation

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 Unit Overview

How this unit will run?

Please see under Unit Information and Week 0 folder

under Resources tab

https://d2l.deakin.edu.au/d2l/le/content/883223/viewContent/4928103/View

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 Unit Overview
Excellence in Structural Analysis Award
• Sponsored by Institution of Structural Engineers (IStructE)-
Australia Regional Group- Victoria.
• Student who achieves the highest overall mark for the unit
SEV320 Theory of Structures
• Prize value is AU$750
• Eligibility:
• must be enrolled as a student member of IStructE (which
is free of cost).
https://www.istructe.org/membership/types-of-
membership/student-member
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 Engineering Structure

• Structure refers to a system of connected parts used to

support different actions, considering:
• Safety
• Serviceability
• Economic and environmental constraints
• Aesthetics
• Analysis of Structure: Assessment of various effects of
actions on structural systems .
What is structural Engineering (YouTube)

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 Engineering Structure

• Actions (for buildings):

• Permanent actions (Dead loads, G)
• Imposed actions (live loads, Q)
• Wind actions (Wu)
• Snow and ice actions (Su)
• Earthquake actions (Eu)
• Other actions: Liquid pressure, Ground water,
Rainwater ponding and Earth pressure
• Effects:
• Stresses
• Internal forces
• Displacements/deformations
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 Engineering Structure
• Structural Systems:

http://papundits.wordpress.com/2008/11/30/jørn-utzon-1918-2008/

Surface Structures
http://evstudio.wordpress.com/2009/08/16/types-and-design-of-wood-trusses/ http://http/image.made-in-china.com/2f0j00lvBESketsGrT/Frame-Structure.jpg

Trusses Frames

http://quazen.com/arts/architecture/famous-
commemorative-and-triumphal-arches-in-the-world/
http://www.wayfaring.info/category/activities/racing/page/3/ http://www.howardmodels.com/fun-stuff/golden-gate-bridge/index.html http://www.servicedapartments.net.au/2010/11/05/the-

Cables Arches
history-of-the-worlds-most-famous-bridge/

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 Engineering Structure

• SEV320 builds on prior knowledge from:

• 1st year: Physics & Materials
• 2nd year: Engg. mechanics, Stress Analysis & Structural
Design
• SEV320 prepares you for:
• Concrete, Steel and Timber design
• Civil/Structural Engineering career
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 Basic revision of Statics
Load path:

Actions

Structural system

Elements carrying primary loads

Various supporting members

Foundation

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 Basic revision of Statics
Free Body Diagram:

• Simplified models of structures

• Line diagrams, showing:
• Members (& lengths)
• Applied loads
• Support reactions
• Can also show:
• Internal member actions
• Joints & joint actions

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 Basic revision of Statics
Equations of Equilibrium:

∑ Fx = 0 ∑ Fy = 0 ∑ Fz = 0
∑ M x =0 ∑ M y =0 ∑ M z =0

For two dimensional structure

∑ Fx = 0
∑ Fy = 0
∑ M o =0
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 Basic revision of Statics
Principle of Supervision:
 The total displacement or internal loadings (stresses) at a point in a
structure subjected to several external loadings can be determined by
adding together the displacements or internal loadings (stresses) caused
by each of the external loads acting separately
 Linear relationship exist among loads, stresses & displacements
 2 requirements for the principle to apply:
- Material must behave in a linear-elastic manner, Hooke’s Law is valid
- The geometry of the structure must not undergo significant change
when the loads are applied, small displacement theory

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 Basic revision of Statics
Principle of Supervision:
22 kN

3m
RA = RA1 + RA 2 = 12 + 11 = 23 kN
RA =?
=
1 1
RA1 = × ( ×12 × 6) = 12 kN
3m 3 2
RA1 =? + +
22 kN
1
RA 2 = × 22 = 11 kN
3m 2
RA2 =?

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 Basic revision of Statics
Determine all the reactions of the beam loaded as
shown below

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 Basic revision of statics
� 𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴 = 0
4
90 ∗ 4 ∗ + 90 ∗ 4 − 𝐵𝐵𝑦𝑦 ∗ 8 = 0
2
1080
𝐵𝐵𝑦𝑦 = = 135𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
8
315 kN 135 kN
Ay By

� 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 = 0
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 − 90 ∗ 4 − 90 + 𝐵𝐵𝑦𝑦 = 0
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 450 − 135 = 315𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

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 Truss Analysis
• Method of Joints
• Work out external reactions (if required)
• Draw FBD of a joint
• 2 equilibrium equations for each joints
• Find member forces using equilibrium eqns on each joints

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 Truss Analysis
• Method of Sections
• Make a cut through the truss
• Draw FBD(s) with actions
• Establish the “sense” of cut member forces
• 3 equilibrium equations for the section
• Start with easiest equilibrium equation
• Important:
• Decide where to cut truss (always cut such that <= 3
members with unknown forces)
• Choose which side of section to consider for FBD
(LHS or RHS)
• Choose easiest equilibrium equation to solve
unknowns
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 Truss Analysis a

• Method of Sections
a

Left section Right section

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 Truss Analysis (Example)
• Determine the force in members ED, BD and BC of the truss
as shown below.

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 Truss Analysis (Example) a

• Find reaction at C, Cy
• Cut a section as shown
• Consider right section a

FED (↑ +) ∑F y =0
Cy =7 kN
C y − FBD × Sin 450 = 0

FBD FBD = 7 × 2 = 9.9 + ∑M A =0

FBD = 9.9 kN (T ) 6× 2 + 8× 2 − Cy × 4 = 0
C y = 28 / 4 = 7 kN
FBC
(→ + ) ∑ Fx = 0
Cy =7 kN 6 − FED − FBD × Cos 450 − FBC = 0
FED = 6 − 9.9 × Cos 450 − 0
+ ∑MD = 0 FED = −1
FBC × 2 = 0
FED = 1 kN (C )
FBC = 0

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 Summary
• Introduction and unit overview
• Basic revision of statics
–Free body diagram & Equilibrium equations
–Application of Equilibrium equations to find reactions
–Application on trusses to find member forces
• Method of Joints
• Method of Sections

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 Tasks

• Study – Textbook Chapters 1-3 are useful to revise

the basic statics
–Week 0 Preparatory Worksheet for revision
–And other selected problems for revision
–Seminar Week 1

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 Next

• Indeterminacy and Stability

• Shear Force Diagram (SFD) and Bending Moment
Diagram (BMD)

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 End of Lecture

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