2020 coronavirus

pandemic in India

The first case of the 2019–20 coronavirus

pandemic in India was reported on 30
January 2020, originating from China. As
of 3 May 2020, the Ministry of Health and
Family Welfare have confirmed a total of
39,980 cases, 10,633 recoveries (including
1 migration) and 1301 deaths in the
country.[5] Experts suggest the number of
infections could be much higher as India's
testing rates are among the lowest in the
world.[8] The infection rate of COVID-19 in
India is reported to be 1.7, significantly
lower than in the worst affected
countries.[9]
2020 coronavirus pandemic in India

Map of the pandemic in India (as of 3 May

2020)
   10000+ confirmed cases
   5000–9999 confirmed cases
   1000–4999 confirmed cases
   500–999 confirmed cases
   100–499 confirmed cases
    50–99 confirmed cases
   1–49 confirmed cases
   shifted to another state

Map of deaths due to the pandemic in India

(as of 3 May 2020)
    100+ death cases
   50–99 death cases
   10–49 death cases
   1–9 death cases

Disease Coronavirus disease

2019
(COVID-19)

Virus strain Severe acute

respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2)[1]
Location India

First outbreak Wuhan, Hubei,

China[2]

Index case Thrissur, Kerala[3]

Date 30 January 2020 –

ongoing
(3 months and 3 days)[4]

Confirmed cases 39,980[5][note 1]

Active cases 28,046[5]

Recovered 10,633[5][note 2]
Deaths 1,301[5][note 3]
Fatality rate 3.25%
Territories 27 states and 6 union
territories[5]

Official website

www.mohfw.gov.in
The initial growth of the pandemic in India was one of
doubling every four days

The outbreak has been declared an

epidemic in more than a dozen states and
union territories, where provisions of the
Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897 have been
invoked, and educational institutions and
many commercial establishments have
been shut down. India has suspended all
tourist visas, as a majority of the
confirmed cases were linked to other
countries.[10]

On 22 March 2020, India observed a 14-

hour voluntary public curfew at the
instance of the prime minister Narendra
Modi. The government followed it up with
lockdowns in 75 districts where COVID
cases had occurred as well as all major
cities.[11][12] Further, on 24 March, the
prime minister ordered a nationwide
lockdown for 21 days, affecting the entire
1.3 billion population of India.[13][14] On 14
April, the prime minister extended the
ongoing nationwide lockdown till 3 May.[15]

Michael Ryan, chief executive director of

the World Health Organisation's health
emergencies programme, said that India
had "tremendous capacity" to deal with the
coronavirus outbreak and, as the second
most populous country, will have
enormous impact on the world's ability to
deal with it.[16] Other commentators
worried about the economic devastation
caused by the lockdown, which has huge
effects on informal workers, micro and
small enterprises, farmers and the self-
employed, who are left with no livelihood
in the absence of transportation and
access to markets.[17][18]

Observers state that the lockdown has

slowed the growth rate of the pandemic by
6 April to a rate of doubling every 6
days,[19] and, by 18 April, to a rate of
doubling every 8 days.[20]

The Oxford COVID-19 Government

Response Tracker (OxCGRT), in its report
based on data from 73 countries, reports
that the Indian Government has responded
more stringently than other countries in
tackling the pandemic. It noted the
government's swift action, emergency
policy making emergency investment in
healthcare, fiscal measures, investment in
vaccine research and active response to
the situation, and scored India with a "100"
for its strictness[21][22]

As of 27 April the states of Goa, Sikkim,

Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur
and Tripura have been declared as "Covid-
19 Free" with zero active cases by the
Government of India. More states are
expected to join this list in a few
weeks.[23][24][25]

Background
On 12 January 2020, the World Health
Organization (WHO) confirmed that a
novel coronavirus was the cause of a
respiratory illness in a cluster of people in
Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, which
was reported to the WHO on 31 December
2019.[26][27]

The case fatality ratio for COVID-19 has

been much lower than SARS of 2003,[28][29]
but the transmission has been significantly
greater, with a significant total death
toll.[30][28]
Timeline
 COVID-19 cases in India  (v t e )
     Deaths        Recoveries        Active cases
# of # of
Date
cases deaths
2020- 1 0
01-30 (n.a.) (n.a.)
1
⋮
(=)
2020- 2 0
02-02 (+100%) (n.a.)
2020- 3 0
02-03 (+50%) (n.a.)
⋮ 3
 (=)
2020- 5 0
03-02 (+67%) (n.a.)
2020- 6 0
03-03 (+20%) (n.a.)
2020- 28 0
03-04 (+367%) (n.a.)
2020- 30 0
03-05 (+7.1%) (n.a.)
2020- 31 0
03-06 (+3.3%) (n.a.)
2020- 34 0
03-07 (+9.7%) (n.a.)
2020- 39 0
03-08 (+15%) (n.a.)
2020- 44 0
03-09 (+13%) (n.a.)
2020- 50 0
03-10 (+14%) (n.a.)
2020- 60 0
03-11 (+20%) (n.a.)
2020- 74 1
03-12 (+23%) (n.a.)
2020- 81 2
03-13 (+9.5%) (+100%)
2020- 84 2
03-14 (+3.7%) (=)
2020- 110 2
03-15 (+31%) (=)
2020- 114 2
03-16 (+3.6%) (=)
2020- 137 3
03-17 (+20%) (+50%)
2020- 151 3
03-18 (+10%) (=)
2020- 173 4
03-19 (+15%) (+33%)
2020- 223 4
03-20 (+29%) (=)
2020- 315 4
03-21 (+41%) (=)
2020- 360 7
03-22 (+14%) (+75%)
2020- 468 9
03-23 (+30%) (+29%)
2020- 519 10
03-24 (+11%) (+11%)
2020- 606 10
03-25 (+17%) (=)
2020- 694 16
03-26 (+15%) (+60%)
2020- 834 19
03-27 (+20%) (+19%)
2020- 918 19
03-28 (+10%) (=)
2020- 1,024 27
03-29 (+12%) (+42%)
2020- 1,251 32
03-30 (+22%) (+19%)
2020- 1,397 35
03-31 (+12%) (+9.4%)
2020- 1,834 41
04-01 (+31%) (+17%)
2020- 2,069 53
04-02 (+13%) (+29%)
2020- 2,547 62
04-03 (+23%) (+17%)
2020- 3,072 75
04-04 (+21%) (+21%)
2020- 3,577 83
04-05 (+16%) (+11%)
2020- 4,281 111
04-06 (+20%) (+34%)
2020- 4,789 124
04-07 (+12%) (+12%)
2020- 5,274 149
04-08 (+10%) (+20%)
2020- 5,865 169
04-09 (+11%) (+13%)
2020- 6,761 206
04-10 (+15%) (+22%)
2020- 7,529 242
04-11 (+11%) (+17%)
2020- 8,447 273
04-12 (+12%) (+13%)
2020- 9,352 324
04-13 (+11%) (+19%)
2020- 10,815 353
04-14 (+16%) (+9%)
2020- 11,933 392
04-15 (+10%) (+11%)
2020- 12,759 420
04-16 (+6.9%) (+7.1%)
2020- 13,835 452
04-17 (+8.4%) (+7.6%)
2020- 14,792 488
04-18 (+6.9%) (+8%)
2020- 16,116 519
04-19 (+9%) (+6.4%)
2020- 17,656 559
04-20 (+9.6%) (+7.7%)
2020- 18,985 603
04-21 (+7.5%) (+7.9%)
2020- 20,471 652
04-22 (+7.8%) (+8.1%)
2020- 21,700 686
04-23 (+6%) (+5.2%)
2020- 23,452 723
04-24 (+8.1%) (+5.4%)
2020- 24,942 779
04-25 (+6.4%) (+7.7%)
2020- 26,917 826
04-26 (+7.9%) (+6%)
2020- 28,380 886
04-27 (+5.4%) (+7.3%)
2020- 29,974 937
04-28 (+5.6%) (+5.8%)
2020- 31,787 1,008
04-29 (+6%) (+7.6%)
2020- 33,610 1,075
04-30 (+5.7%) (+6.6%)
2020- 35,365 1,152
05-01 (+5.2%) (+7.2%)
2020- 37,776 1,223
05-02 (+6.8%) (+6.2%)
2020- 39,980 1,301
 05-03 (+5.8%) (+6.4%)
Source: MoHFW

Timeline of the pandemic spread across India (since

30 January 2020 and till 3 April 2020)
On 30 January, India reported its first case
of COVID-19 in Kerala, which rose to three
cases by 3 February; all were students who
had returned from Wuhan, China.[31][32] No
significant rise in cases was seen in the
rest of February. On 4 March 22 new cases
came to light, including those of an Italian
tourist group with 14 infected
members.[33]

The transmission escalated during March,

after several cases were reported all over
the country, most of which were linked to
people with a travel history to affected
countries. On 12 March, a 76-year-old man
who had returned from Saudi Arabia
became the first victim of the virus in the
country.[34]

Confirmed cases crossed 100 on 15

March,[35] 1,000 on 28 March,[36] 5,000 on
7 April,[37] 10,000 on 14 April,[38] 20,000 on
22 April[39] and 30,000 on 29 April.[40] The
death toll crossed 50 on 1 April,[41] 100 on
5 April,[42] 500 on 19 April[43] and 1,000 on
29 April.[44]
A Sikh preacher that returned from travel
to Italy and Germany, carrying the virus,
turned into "super spreader" by attending a
Sikh festival in Anandpur Sahib during 10–
12 March.[45][46] Twenty-seven COVID-19
cases were traced back to him.[47] Over
40,000 people in 20 villages in Punjab
were quarantined on 27 March to contain
the spread.[46][48]

On 31 March, a Tablighi Jamaat religious

congregation event that took place in Delhi
in early March emerged as a new virus
hotspot after numerous cases across the
country were traced back to the event.[49]
Over 9,000 missionaries may have
attended the congregation, with the
majority being from various states of
India,[50][51] and 960 attendees from 40
foreign countries.[52] According to Ministry
of Health and Family welfare, 4,291 out of
14,378 confirmed cases were linked to this
event in 23 Indian states and union
territories till 18 April.[53]
On 6 April 2020, in Mumbai's Wockhardt
Hospital, 26 nurses and 3 doctors were
found to have been infected with the virus.
The hospital was temporarily shut down
and declared a containment zone.
Negligence of the hospital administration
has been blamed for the infections.[54]

On 2 May 2020, in Punjab, 137 pilgrims

who returned from Hazur Sahib in Nanded,
Maharashtra tested positive, which took
the total tally of Punjab to 585.[55]
Government responses

January–February

Protective measures were first applied in

January. India began thermal screening of
passengers arriving from China on 21
January.[56] Initially carried out at seven
airports, it was expanded to 20 airports
towards the end of January.[57] During
February, the screening was extended to
passengers from Thailand, Singapore,
Hong Kong, Japan and South Korea.[58]
Nepal, Vietnam, Indonesia and Malaysia
were added to the list towards the end of
February.[59] Very few new cases were
discovered during February, but Shashi
Tharoor pointed out that asymptomatic,
infectious persons could still slip through
the screening. He worried that no
comprehensive nationwide surveillance
system was in place, testing infrastructure
was inadequate, and the public awareness
was minimal.[60] In fact, the Indian Council
of Medical Research (ICMR) scientists
knew that airport screening alone was not
enough.[61]

March

Awareness poster released by the Ministry of Health

and Family Welfare
By early to mid-March, the government had
drawn up plans to deal with a worsening of
the pandemic in the country. This included
seven ministries working together to set
up additional quarantine and treatment
facilities across the country. States and
twenty ministries, including Home,
Defence, Railways, Labour, Minority
Affairs, Aviation and Tourism, were
informed of the containment plan.[62]
Plans to avoid a panic-like situation were
also made. The Ministry of Textiles was to
ensure the availability of protective and
medical materials. The Department of
Pharmaceuticals was to ensure the
availability of essential medicines. The
Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and
Public Distribution was asked to ensure
availability of essentials.[63]

The Indian Space Research Organisation

(ISRO) adopted precautions against the
pandemic in its three facilities in
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. The facilities
have suspended bio-metric fingerprint
scanning, disabled entrance turnstiles and
limited internal meetings and travel to a
minimum while stepping up medical
surveillance.[64]

On 17 March, the Government of India

issued an advisory, urging to all Indian
states to take social distancing measures
as a preventive strategy for
implementation till 31 March.[65] A
government directive was issued asking
all Central Armed Police Forces to get into
battle mode; all non-essential leave was
cancelled.[66][67] A COVID-19 Economic
Response Task Force was also
formed.[68][69]

On 27 March, The Tamil Nadu government

appointment hundreds of lab technicians,
doctors and nurses to combat
coronavirus. It also sought to introduce
200 new ambulances in the state.[70] The
government of Assam started making
isolation facilities in Sarusajai stadium
and Nehru Stadium in Guwahati.[71][72]
Union and state governments set up
national and state helpline numbers.[73]

April

Major Indian cities and many states made

wearing facial masks compulsory.[74]

On 29 April, The Ministry of Home Affairs

issued guidelines for the states to allow
inter-state movement of the stranded
persons. States have been asked to
designate nodal authorities and form
protocols to receive and send such
persons. States have also been asked to
screen the people, quarantine them and to
do periodic health checkups.[75]

Travel and entry restrictions

On 3 March 2020, the Indian government

stopped issuing of new visas. Previously
issued visas for the nationals of Italy, Iran,
South Korea, and Japan were
suspended.[76]
All visas were suspended on 13 March,
except for diplomatic and other official
visas, as well as the visa-free travel for
Overseas Citizens of India. Indians
returning from COVID-affected countries
were asked to be quarantined for 14
days.[10][77] These measures were
expanded to citizens from Europe, Gulf
countries and Asian countries including
Malaysia on 17–18 March.[78][79]

The land border with Myanmar began to

be restricted on 9 March with the initiative
of the state governments of Mizoram and
Manipur.[80][81] On 13 March, the
Government of India closed passenger
traffic from all neighbouring countries
other than Pakistan.[82] The traffic from
Pakistan itself was closed on 16 March.[83]
Travel and registration for Sri Kartarpur
Sahib was also suspended on this date.[84]

Sikkim restricted entry of domestic

tourists in the state from 17 March and
asked those who are already in the state to
leave.[85] Himachal Pradesh banned entry
of foreign and domestic tourists on 19
March until further notice.[86] Other states
followed such as Uttarakhand, which has
also banned tourists till further orders.[87]
Punjab banned the use of public transport
as of 21 March.[88]

Screening

On 4 March 2020, the Minister of Health

and Family Welfare, Dr. Harsh Vardhan,
announced compulsory screening of all
international passengers arriving in India.
He also stated that as of then, 589,000
people had been screened at airports, over
one million screened at borders with Nepal
and around 27,000 were under community
surveillance.[89][90]

Closedown and curfews

On 5 March, amidst a surge in fresh

cases being confirmed in Delhi NCR, the
Government of Delhi announced that all
primary schools across Delhi would be
shut until 31 March as a precaution.[91]
On 7 March, primary schools in Jammu
district and Samba district were closed
down until 31 March after two
suspected cases with "high viral load"
were reported in Jammu.[92]
On 9 March, collector and district
magistrate of Pathanamthitta district of
Kerala declared three days long holidays
for all educational institutions in the
district.[93] Karnataka declared indefinite
holiday for all kindergarten and pre-
primary schools in Bangalore.[94] The
holiday was extended to all primary
schools up to fifth grade after a
confirmed case was reported in the
city.[95]
On 10 March, Kerala announced closure
of all schools and colleges across the
state until 31 March, with effect from 11
March.[96]
On 12 March, the Chief Minister of Delhi
Arvind Kejriwal announced that all
schools, colleges and cinema halls in
New Delhi would be closed till the end of
March and all public places disinfected
as a precautionary measure.[97]
On 12 March, the Chief Minister of
Karnataka B. S. Yediyurappa announced
that all educational institutions, malls,
cinema halls and pubs would be shut for
a week across the state. He also issued
prohibitory orders on public events such
as parties and weddings.[98] The
Government of Odisha, declaring the
outbreak a "disaster", announced the
closure of educational institutions and
cinema halls until the end of the month,
as well as prohibition on non-essential
official gatherings.[99] The Government
of Maharashtra declared the outbreak to
be an epidemic in the cities of Mumbai,
Navi Mumbai, Nagpur, Pune and Pimpri
Chinchwad. It announced that all malls,
cinema halls, swimming pools and gyms
in these cities will be closed until 31
March.[100]
On 13 March, the Punjab and
Chhattisgarh governments declared
holidays in all schools and colleges till
31 March.[101][102] Manipur government
announced that all schools in the state,
where examination are not being held
would remain closed till 31 March.[103]
On 14 March, the Himachal Pradesh
chief minister Jai Ram Thakur declared
that all educational institutions and
theatres would remain closed until 31
March as a precautionary measure in
view of the threat of the coronavirus.[104]
Also, in the West Bengal government
announced that all educational
institutions will be closed till 31 March,
however the board examinations will be
conducted.[105] Maharashtra
government closed shopping malls,
swimming pools, movie theatres, gyms
and asked all schools and colleges in
the state's urban areas to remain close
till 31 March 2020.[106][107] Government
of Rajasthan announced to close all
educational institutions, gyms, and
cinema halls till 30 March, however
ongoing school and college exams will
continue.[108]
On 15 March, In Goa chief minister
Pramod Sawant declared that all
educational institutions would remain
closed until 31 March. While the
examinations of the 10th and 12th Goa
Board of Secondary and Higher
Secondary Education will be held as per
schedule.[109] Brihanmumbai Municipal
Corporation shut down Jijamata Udyaan
till further orders.[110] The Gujarat
government announced that all schools,
colleges, cinema halls will be closed till
31 March, however the board
examinations will be conducted.[111]
Bihar Public Service Commission
(BPSC) has postponed all the
recruitment exams till 31 March.[112]
Vaishno Devi Shrine Board issued an
advisory asking non-resident Indians
and foreigners not to visit the temple for
28 days after landing in India.[113] The
Tamil Nadu and Telangana governments
declared closure of schools, malls and
theatres till 31 March.[114][115] Ministry of
Culture shut down all monuments and
museums under Archaeological Survey
of India till 31 March.[116]
On 17 March, schools, colleges and
multiplexes in Uttar Pradesh were shut
down till 2 April and on-going
examinations were postponed.[117] BMC
ordered private firms in Mumbai to
function "only at 50% of their staff
capacity or face action under section
188 of the IPC".[118] Rajasthan
government banned the gathering of
more than 50 people in public places till
31 March.[119] Important tourist
destinations in Tamil Nadu were locked
down. Authorities in Nilgiris district
ordered the closure of tourist sites
including Ooty and the tourists staying
in hotels and resorts were given 24
hours to leave the city.[120] In
Maharashtra, government offices were
closed down for seven days.[121]
Chandigarh administration ordered the
closure of shopping malls, cinema halls,
gyms, nightclubs, swimming pools,
coaching centres, spas, creches and
video game parlours till 31 March. It
also banned gatherings of more than a
100 people and census work was
postponed.[122] At the same time, Dera
chiefs were asked to postpone all
religious events till 31 March.[123] The
GoM has also directed that no more
than 50 people are allowed to gather at
any place other than weddings.[124]
Pondicherry shut down schools,
colleges, cinemas and gyms till 31
March.[125] Mumbai Police ordered the
closure of pubs, bars and discotheques
till 31 March.[126]
On 18 March, District magistrate and
deputy commissioner of Srinagar
district in Jammu and Kashmir said that
the entry of all foreign tourists has been
banned in the entire union territory.[127]
On the other hand, the Directorate of
Floriculture, Parks and Horticulture of
the state has also extended the Bagh-e-
Bahu Garden to the general public from
18 to 31 March to keep the situation
under control in the Union
Territory.[128][129] Government of Andhra
Pradesh announced closure of all
educational institutions till 31
March.[130]
 On 23 March, Chief Minister of
Maharashtra announced that borders of
all the districts will be closed, and a
strict curfew will be implemented
statewide.[131]

Lockdown

Empty roads during the lockdown in Vadodara, Gujarat

On 22 March, the Government of India
decided to completely lockdown 82
districts in 22 states and Union Territories
of country where confirmed cases have
been reported till 31 March.[132] At 6 am on
23 March Delhi was put under lockdown
till at least 31 March. Essential services
and commodities were to continue.[133][134]
80 cities including major cities such as
Bengaluru, Chennai, Mumbai,[135]
Chandigarh[136] and Kolkata were also put
under lockdown.[137] Inter-state
movements are allowed during the
lockdown period. However some states
have closed their borders.[138]

On 23 March, union and state

governments announced the lockdown of
75 districts where cases were
reported.[139]

On 24 March, PM Narendra Modi

announced a complete nationwide
lockdown, starting from midnight for 21
days.[140] By 6 April, the growth rate of the
pandemic had slowed to one of doubling
every six days, from a rate of doubling
every three days earlier.[19]

As the end of the lockdown period

approached, several state governments
recommended extending the
lockdown.[141] The governments Odisha,
Punjab, Maharashtra, and West Bengal
governments have extended the state
lockdowns to 30 April.[142][143][144]
On 14 April, PM Narendra Modi extended
nationwide lockdown till 3 May, with a
conditional relaxation from 20 April for the
areas that have been able to contain the
spread.[15]

On 29 April, Punjab government

announced for extension of curfew till 17
May.[145]

On 1 May, the Government of India

extended nationwide lockdown further by
two weeks until 17 May. The Government
Divided the entire nation into three zones –
Green Zone, Red Zone, Orange Zone,
relaxation will be allowed accordingly.[146]

Communication

'Prepare,
  but don't
panic' has
Play media been
India's
Indian Prime Minister Narendra
Modi's televised address about guiding
Coronavirus on 19 March 2020 mantra in
 dealing
with the
  virus
outbreak.
Our
Play media
region
Modi's address about COVID-19 on
has
24 March 2020
reported
less than
On 19 March, during a 30- 150
minute live telecast, Indian coronavir

Prime Minister Narendra us cases,

but we
Modi asked all citizens to
need to
observe 'Janata Curfew' remain

(people's curfew) on 7 am to vigilant.

Step-by-
9 pm on 22 March. During
step
this curfew he asked
approach
everyone, except those
helped
involved in essential services, avoid
to stay at home. He also panic,
asked people to avoid routine made
checkups and elective special
efforts to
surgeries to reduce the
reach out
burden on the health system.
to
He announced the formation
of a COVID-19 Economic vulnerabl

Response Task Force. To e groups.

acknowledge the work being – Prime

done by various sectors Minister
Narendra
during the outbreak, he urged
Modi
people to gather in front of
during the
their own doors, windows or
video
balconies at 5 pm and conferenc
applaud them for five e with
minutes. State and local SAARC
authorities were told to blow nations,

the siren to remind people 15 March

2020.[147]
about the same.[148] On 24
March, Modi announced a nationwide
lockdown from midnight of that day, for a
period of 21 days.[149] He also announced
a ₹150 billion (US$2.1 billion) aid for the
healthcare sector. This money would be
used for developing testing facilities,
PPEs, ICUs, Ventilators and for training
medical workers.[150] On 3 April, PM Modi
addressed the nation to turn off the lights
for nine minutes and lighting the candles
on 5 April.[151]
In an address on 14 April PM Modi asked
the citizens to follow seven steps to help
in the fight against coronavirus, "Use
homemade masks, Take care of elderly
people, Protect jobs, Help the poor and
needy , follow the guidelines set by
Ministry of AYUSH to improve immunity
and Download the Aarogya Setu app to
track your health." [152]

Legal announcements
On 11 March 2020, the Cabinet Secretary
of India, Rajiv Gauba, announced that all
states and UTs should invoke provisions of
Section 2 of the Epidemic Diseases Act,
1897.[153][154]

On 14 March, the union government

declared the pandemic as a "notified
disaster" under the Disaster Management
Act, 2005, enabling states to spend a
larger part of funds from the State
Disaster Response Fund to fight the
virus.[155][156]
Evacuations

The Minister of State for Home Affairs, Nityanand Rai

visiting evacuees at the Coronavirus Quarantine
Centre, after completion of their requisite quarantine
period, at the ITBP Chhawla Centre, in New Delhi on
13 March 2020.

The Ministry of External Affairs under

Minister Subrahmanyam Jaishankar, Air
India and the Indian Air Force have been
successful in evacuating many Indian
nationals and certain foreign nationals
from the virus effected areas.[157][158][159]

On 1 February, India evacuated 324

people which included three minors, 211
students and 110 working professionals
from Wuhan region on its first Air India
flight evacuation.[160][161]
On 2 February, India evacuated a second
Air India flight carrying 323 Indians and
seven Maldivians from Wuhan
region.[162][163]
On 7 February, Brazil evacuated 34
Brazilians, four Poles, a Chinese and an
Indian national from Wuhan by Air Force
planes.[164]
On 27 February, Indian Air Force
evacuated 112 people from Wuhan,
which included 76 Indian nationals and
36 foreign nationals (23 nationals from
Bangladesh, 6 from China, 2 each from
Myanmar and Maldives and one each
from South Africa, USA and
Madagascar). This was the third
evacuation flight sent by India to Wuhan.
India also provided 15 tonnes of medical
assistance comprising masks, gloves
and other emergency medical
equipment to China through the same
IAF flight.[165][166] On the same day, 124
people – 119 Indians and five nationals
from Sri Lanka, Nepal, South Africa and
Peru were evacuated from Japan by an
Air India flight.[167]
On 10 March, Indian Air Force's C-17
Globemaster transport aircraft
evacuated 58 Indian pilgrims from Iran,
the flight took off from Hindon Air Base,
Ghaziabad on the evening of 9 March. It
also brought back another 44
passengers on 11 March from
Iran.[168][169][167]
On 11 March 83 people were evacuated
from Italy by Air India. The evacuees
were 74 Indian citizens and 9 US
citizens of Indian origin. All evacuees
were placed under quarantine for 14
days in an army facility.[170]
On 15 March 218 Indians from Italy were
evacuated by a special Air India flight.
The evacuees brought to New Delhi will
be shifted to Indo-Tibetan Border
Police's camp in Chhawla area where
they will be quarantined for 14 days.[171]
Later, 234 Indian nationals including 131
students and 103 pilgrims were
evacuated from Iran who were
quarantined for 14 days in Indian Army's
wellness centre facility in
Jaisalmer.[172][173]
On 16 March 53 Indians which includes
52 students and 1 teacher were
evacuated from Tehran and Shiraz cities
of Iran and were then quarantined at
Army wellness centre, Jaisalmer.[174]
On 22 March 263 Indians were
evacuated by Air India from Rome, Italy
and then were quarantined at Indo-
Tibetan Border Police's camp near
Delhi.[175]
 On 29 March 275 Indians who were
evacuated from Iran landed in Jodhpur,
and after preliminary screening they
were quarantined at Army Wellness
Centre Jodhpur.[176]

Legal action

On 9 March, an FIR was lodged against a

man in Arunachal Pradesh for allegedly
posting misleading information on social
media regarding the outbreak.[177] On 16
March, the father of a woman, whose
husband had tested positive for
coronavirus in Bengaluru, was booked by
Agra police for allegedly misleading
authorities about the whereabouts of his
daughter, who was a suspected
patient.[178] On 18 March, a case was
registered against the owner of a furniture
shop at Bhiwandi in Thane district,
Maharashtra for issuing a misleading
advertisement which claimed that
mattresses sold at his shop cured the
disease.[179] Lucknow police lodged an FIR
against Bollywood singer, Kanika Kapoor
for alleged negligence in compliance of
necessary directives post her return from
London.[180] On 21 March, a chemist was
booked for allegedly selling N95 masks at
over four times higher than the fixed price
in Himachal Pradesh's Kangra district.[181]
On 24 March, a 54-year-old man from
Ernakulam, who landed from Chennai at
the Cochin International Airport on 23
March, was arrested for refusing to follow
instructions given by doctors.[182] A case
was registered against a Coca-Cola plant
in Himachal Pradesh for operating in
violation of lockdown order.[183] 255
people in West Bengal were arrested for
violating restriction order and were
prosecuted under IPC section 188.[184] A
man was arrested for hosting a party
during the lockdown in Andhra Pradesh's
West Godavari district.[185] Hyderabad
traffic police seized 2,480 vehicles for
violating the lockdown.[186] On 25 March,
two people were booked under sections
353, 188 and other relevant provisions of
the IPC and Disaster Management Act,
2005 for allegedly abusing and
manhandling policemen during the
lockdown at Kalyan in Maharashtra's
Thane district.[187] On 26 March, Delhi
police arrested a 40-year-old man and
seized his scooty for allegedly calling a
northeastern woman "coronavirus" and
spitting paan at her.[188] On 27 March, an
Infosys employee from Bengaluru was
arrested for his social media post that
encouraged people to venture out and
spread the virus.[189] Three people were
arrested for circulating a fake audio clip
which suggested that 59 fresh cases were
reported in Nagpur, Maharashtra.[190] A 29-
year-old woman was arrested in Kolkata
for allegedly spreading rumours related to
the outbreak by posting fake news on
social media.[191] Patna police arrested
three policemen for allegedly shooting at a
driver of a vehicle carrying potatoes and
asking for a bribe of ₹5,000 (US$70).[192]
State government response

State governments took various measures

to contain the spread of the virus.

International relations

On 26 February, India sent 15 tons of

masks, gloves and other emergency
medical equipment by an Indian Air Force
jet to China. The medical supplies sent to
China include one hundred thousand
masks, five hundred thousand pairs of
gloves, 75 infusion pumps, and 30 internal
feeding pumps.[193]

On 13 March, Modi proposed that SAARC

nations jointly fight the pandemic, an idea
that was welcomed by the leaders of
Nepal, Maldives, Sri Lanka Bhutan,
Bangladesh, and Afghanistan.[194] On 15
March, after a video conference of SAARC
leaders,[147] he allocated ₹74 crore
(US$10 million) of funds classified as
COVID-19 Emergency Fund for the SAARC
countries.[147]
On 4 April, the Government of India
banned the export of hydroxychloroquine
"without any exception", in order to
stockpile supplies for domestic use.[195]
The United States, which imports half its
supply of the drug from India and expects
to use it for treating COVID patients, grew
concerned. The US President Donald
Trump called Prime Minister Modi the next
day, and hinted at possible retaliation in a
press conference. India agreed to allow its
export on "humanitarian grounds".[196]
{{refn|group=note|Apart from the US, India
had outstanding orders for
Hydroxychloroquine from some 30
countries, including Brazil, Spain, France,
UK, Germany, Australia, the Gulf countries
and the SAARC neighbours. The decision
to partially lift the ban preceded President
Trump's comment on possible
retaliation.[197]

On 11 April, India sent a team of 15

doctors and health care professionals to
Kuwait to assist in its fight against
coronavirus, following a telephone
conversion between prime minister Modi
and the Kuwaiti prime minister Sabah Al-
Khalid Al-Sabah. Kuwait was facing 1,154
COVID-19 cases at this time.[198][199]

On 16 April, India is sending 85 million

hydroxychloroquine tablets and 500
million paracetamol tablets to 108
countries.In addition, 1 thousand tons of
mixture have also been sent to make
paracetamol tablets.[200]
Aarogya Setu

The Ministry of Electronics and

Information Technology launched a smart
phone application called Aarogya Setu to
help in "contact tracing and containing the
spread" of COVID-19 pandemic in the
nation. The World Bank lauded the early
deployment of such technology to combat
the pandemic. Global technology giants
Apple and Google announced on 11 April,
that they will taken up the building of
software for smartphones which would
help in contact tracing, just as the Aarogya
Setu application does.[201][202]

Testing and countermeasures

Testing
 

A sample collection kiosk for COVID-19 testing in

Kerala

Summary of test results

Samples tested 1,046,450

Tests per 1 million people 774

Tested positive 39,980[5]

As of 3 May 2020[203]
The Union Health Ministry's war room and
policy making team in New Delhi consists
of the ministry's Emergency Medical
Response Unit, the Central Surveillance
Unit (IDSP), the National Centre for
Disease Control (NCDC) and experts from
three government hospitals.[204] They are
part of policy decisions to decide how
coronavirus should be tackled in the
country.[204] A cluster-containment
strategy is mainly being adopted, similar to
how India contained previous epidemics,
as well as "breaking the chain of
transmission".[204][205][206] 15 labs across
India led by the National Institute of
Virology (NIV), Pune, are testing for the
virus, with more labs being trained.[207] On
14 March 65 labs were named capable for
testing for the virus (though as of 17
March not all are fully
functional).[208][209][210]

On 14 March, scientists at the National

Institute of Virology isolated a strain of the
novel coronavirus. By doing so, India
became the fifth country to successfully
obtain a pure sample of the virus after
China, Japan, Thailand and the US.[211] The
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
said that isolation of the virus will help
towards expediting the development of
drugs, vaccines and rapid diagnostic kits
in the country.[212] NIV has shared two
SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences with
GISAID.[213] On 16 April, China sent
650,000 Corona virus medical kits to India
to help fight with global epidemic.[214]
Initial testing

Initially, the labs tested samples only from

those with a travel history to 12 countries
designated as high-risk, or those who have
come in contact with anyone testing
positive for the coronavirus, or showing
symptoms as per the government
guidelines.[215][216] On 20 March, the
government decided to also include all
pneumonia cases, regardless of travel or
contact history after the country saw a
sharp increase in the number of cases.[217]
The first and second confirmatory tests for
the virus has been made free by the
government.[218] On 9 April, ICMR further
revised the testing strategy and allowed
testing of the people showing symptoms
for a week in the hotspot areas of the
country, regardless of travel history or
local contact to a patient.[219] As of 14
March, the National Institute of Virology
(NIV) has tested around 5,900 samples
from individuals across the country. The
number of tests per million in the country
was 5 as of 14 March. In comparison, it is
26 in US, 76 in Japan, 1,005 in Italy and
4,099 in South Korea.[209] There are
concerns that testing for the virus in India
is being inadequately conducted and the
need for ramping up the scale of testing is
a necessity to understand the real scope
of the number of people affected.[220]

The Ministry of Health said that only 10

per cent of test capacity has been utilised
per day as of 15 March,[218] claiming that
the number of tests was enough. However
experts thought they were not, saying that
community transmission may go
undetected without adequate testing.[209]
They also wanted to add more testing
centres by inclusion of private
laboratories.[209][216] In mid-March the
government authorised accredited private
labs to test for the virus.[221]

Expansion of tests

On 17 March, the Union Ministry of Health

had decided to allow private pathology
labs to test for COVID-19. The ministry
official claimed that by allowing private
labs, the work of testing can be doubled.
The ministry said that NABL accredited
laboratories may soon be allowed.[222]
Once set up, a person can get COVID-19
test done at a private lab after a qualified
physician in a government facility
recommends it.[223] The ICMR has
appealed to the private labs to offer the
tests for free as the government labs
do.[222]
On 18 March, A top health ministry official
said that a Swiss private company named
Roche Diagnostics has been given the
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
emergency approval to conduct tests for
coronavirus. The Indian regulator has
given them a licence to conduct diagnostic
tests of the virus on 17 March.[224] The
Drug Controller General of India (DCGI)
was assessing giving another firm license
while two Indian diagnostic companies
have also sought approval for the
coronavirus testing kits developed by
them.[225] The government has also issued
guidelines to cap the cost of sample
testing by private labs at ₹4,500.[226]

On 19 March, Ramanan Laxminarayan,

director of the Center for Disease
Dynamics, Economics & Policy stated that
India could be facing a "tsunami of cases
within a few weeks" as testing increases
and the reason for the low number of
confirmed cases currently is due to under-
testing. He also said that according to
mathematical models applied in the US or
UK at least 20%-60% of the population will
be affected. Applying the same models in
India means that at the lower end of the
estimate there could be 300 million cases
of which 4-8 million could be severe.[227]

111 additional labs for testing became

functional on 21 March.[228] On 24 March,
Pune-based molecular diagnostic
company Mylab Discovery Solutions
became the first Indian company to have
received validation for its RT-PCR tests
from National Institute of Virology and the
Indian Council of Medical Research
(ICMR). The test takes 2.5 hours and the
company is looking to price it at around
₹1,200 (US$17), or Rs 80,000 for a 100 test
kit.[229][230]

In April, Institute of Genomics and

Integrative Biology of Delhi had developed
low cost paper-strip test that could detect
COVID within an hour. Each test would
cost ₹500 (US$7.00) and method could
fulfill India's rapid need of testing.[231]
On 13 April, ICMR advised pool testing in
the low infection areas with a positivity
rate less than 2% to increase the capacity
of the testing and save resources. In this
process maximum five samples are tested
at once and samples are tested
individually only if a pool tests positive.[232]
Andaman and Nicobar Islands[233] and
Uttar Pradesh[234] have started doing pool
testing.

On 14 April, ICMR and DGCI approved 18

new suppliers of test kits that included
three Indian firms, bringing the total
suppliers to 51.[235]

On 16 April, 650,000 rapid antibody test

and RNA extraction kits were dispatched
from China, and over 2 million kits were to
be sent in next 15 days.[236] On 21 April,
Health department of West Bengal alleged
that large number of testing kits supplied
by ICMR-NICED (National Institute of
Cholera and Enteric Diseases) were giving
inconclusive results. ICMR-NICED
admitted that there was problem in the
kits and said that they are addressing the
issue.[237] While Rajasthan stopped using
rapid testing kits as they were giving low
accuracy of 5.4% in compared to expected
90% accuracy.[238] Later, ICMR advised all
states to stop using rapid testing kits for
next two days until their on-ground teams
validates these kits.[239] Rapid antibody
test kits were put on hold till further notice.
The Chinese manufactures of the rapid
testing kits said that the testing kits were
approved by ICMR and the problem is not
with the kits but with the way they were
being used. However, Chinese
manufacturers promised to cooperate with
Indian authorities to resolve the
issue.[240][241] Amid this, ICMR asked
states to return the faulty kits which will be
sent back to the suppliers and cancelled
the order of all remaining kits.[242][243]

Testing community transmission

Testing for community transmission

began on 15 March. 65 laboratories of the
Department of Health Research and the
Indian Council of Medical Research (DHR-
ICMR) have started testing random
samples of people who exhibit flu-like
symptoms and samples from patients
without any travel history or contact with
infected persons.[244][245] As of 18 March,
no evidence of community transmission
was found after results of 500 random
samples tested negative.[246] Between 15
February and 2 April, 5,911 SARI (Severe
Acute Respiratory Illnesses) patients were
tested throughout the country of which,
104 tested positive (1.8%) in 20 states and
union territories. About 40% of the
identified patients did not have travel
history or any history of contact with a
positive patient.[247] The ICMR advised to
prioritise containment in the 36 districts of
15 states which had reported positive
cases among SARI patients.[248]

Test statistics
According to ICMR, 1,046,450 samples
have been tested as of 3 May and 39,980[5]
individuals have been confirmed
positive.[203]
Graph source: Data from ICMR

Treatment
 

A poster showing the COVID-19 combat mission of

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
 

Sai Krishna Hospital as COVID-19 Isolation Centre;

operated by Government of Gujarat in Mehsana,
Gujarat, India

In Rajasthan, a combination of anti-

malaria, anti-Swine flu and anti-HIV drugs
resulted into recovery of three patients in
March.[249] In same month, Indian Institute
of Chemical Technology, Council of
Scientific and Industrial Research and
Cipla corporation, launched a joint venture
to develop anti-COVID-19 drugs.[250]
Another Indian firm Stempeutics plans to
introduce a stem-based agent for treating
COVID patients in critical situation.[251]

In March, Pune based SciTech Park'startup

incubatee introduced Airon, a negative ion
generator capable of reducing a room's
viral load by 99.7%.[252] Following early
April, funds for a number of preventive
agents were released to initiate
research.[253][254]

On 23 March, the National Task Force for

COVID19 constituted by Indian Council of
Medical Research recommended the use
of hydroxychloroquine for treatment of
COVID19 for high-risk cases.[255]

According to estimates, India has around

40,000 ventilators, of which 8,432 are with
the public sector.[256] Various Indian PSUs,
firms and start ups including DRDO and
ISRO, have repurposed their production
lines to manufacture general PPEs, full
body suits and ventilators and designing
low cost or mobile medical
equipment.[257][258][259][260] The focus
remains to attain innovation and increased
production of low cost, compact and
portable and multi patient ventilators.
Milestones included realisation of world's
smallest and cheapest ventilators.[261] The
government aims to double the current
capacity of ventilators by June 2020 with
the assistance from PSUs. The
government has also enquired major
private automakers to explore the
possibility of manufacturing ventilators at
their plants.[262] Maruti Suzuki in
collabration with AgVa Healthcare will
supply 10,000 ventilators till end of the
May. 1,250 ventilators were already
produced and provided to the government
on regular basis.[263]

Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology

has been working on genome sequencing
of COVID 19.[264]

Pune-based Serum Institute of India is

expected to apply for clinical trials of
certain strains from Drug Controller
General of India. As per company
president Adar Poonawalla, a vaccine for
COVID-19 will be delivered within an year,
however, it may not be effective on 20 to
30% people.[265] Of other two companies
trying to develop COVID 19 vaccine in
India, one being Zydus Cadila, replicating
viral vector and developing DNA plasmid
vaccine[266] and other being Hyderabad
based Bharat Biotech in collaboration with
US based FluGen, expecting first clinical
trials of a nasal vaccine by late 2020.[267]
Till early second half of February, Serum
Institute of India had begun animal trials
of it COVID vaccine candidates[268]
followed by Zydus Cadila in March.[269]

On 12 April, ICMR invited health

institutions and hospitals to participate in
trials of Convalescent plasma therapy and
Plasma exchange therapy. Later, ICMR
submitted list of such institutes to Drug
Controller General of India (DCGI) for
approval to start trials.[270] DCGI gave its
approval to ICMR for it.[271] Several states
were allowed by ICMR to start clinical
trials of the plasma therapy.[272][273] In
Delhi, a 49-year-old man who was on
ventilator support became first patient in
the country, who recovered through
Plasma therapy.[274] Delhi CM Arvind
Kejriwal said that initial results of the
plasma therapy treatment on four patients
gave positive and encouraging results, and
they have decided to contuct it on three
more patients.[275] However, ICMR said
that their is no robust evidence to support
convalescent plasma therapy as routine
therapy and currently it is an emerging and
experimental therapy. It have some risks
which includes life-threatening allergies
and lung injuries. ICMR have started multi-
centre clinical trials to ensure its safety
and efficacy in treating COVID-19 patients
across the country.[276]
Impact

Commercial establishments

On 19 March, Delhi chief minister Arvind

Kejriwal announced the closure of all
restaurants in the capital by 31 March in
view of the ever increasing case of
coronavirus. He said that there will be a
ban on eating in restaurants but food
delivery will continue. He also said that 20
or more people will not be allowed to unite
anywhere in the state.[277] On 20 March, in
Lucknow all restaurants, hotels, sweet
shops have been closed till 31 March.[278]

On 20 March, Delhi government

announced that all malls in Delhi will close
with only vegetable, grocery and medicine
shops remaining open.[279][280] Shops in
Mumbai, Pune and Nagpur will remain
closed till 31 March.[281][282] During this
period, the essential services will continue.
Medical services will be available.[283]
On 22 March, Punjab chief minister
Amarinder Singh has said that in view of
coronavirus, the state has ordered
lockdown till 31 March. All essential
government services will continue and
shops for essential goods such as food,
medicines etc. will remain open.[284][285]
The chief minister of Rajasthan Ashok
Gehlot said public vehicle will be banned
till 31 March, along with all the malls and
shops will remain closed.[286][287]
Education

On 16 March, the union government

declared a countrywide lock-down of
schools and colleges.[288] On 18 March,
CBSE released revised guidelines for
examination centres.[289][290] This includes
maintaining a distance of at least 1 meter
between the students taking the exam
with a class not having more than 24
students. If the rooms of the examination
centres are small, divide the students and
make them sit in different rooms. On 19
March, CBSE and JEE main examinations
were postponed till 31 March.[291][292]

On 20 March, Maharashtra government

cancelled examinations for class 1 to 8
and promoted the students to the next
classes, whereas examinations for class 9
and 11 were postponed till 15 April.[293]
Madhya Pradesh Board of Secondary
Education postponed board exams for
class 10 and 12 and asked school
principals to promote or detain students of
class 5 to 8 based on their performance in
previous terms.[294] Board exams of class
10 and 12 were postponed in Kerala.[295]
Assam government cancelled all exams till
31 March.[296] The Union Public Service
Commission also postponed the interview
for the Civil Services Examination 2019 to
be held from 23 March to 3 April.[297] The
SSC exams in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry
were postponed to 15 April.[298]

Economy
 

A newspaper vendor in Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu

wearing goggles, safety mask and hand gloves.

On 2 March, the BSE SENSEX witnessed a

flash crash on the back of Union Health
Ministry's announcement of two new
confirmed cases.[299] A UN report
estimated a trade impact of
US$348 million on India due to the
outbreak, making India one of the 15 worst
affected economies across the world.[300]
Asian Development Bank estimated that
the outbreak could cause losses of up to
US$29.9 billion to India's economy.[301] On
9 March, The BSE SENSEX closed 1,942
points lower at 35,635 while the NSE
NIFTY 50 was down by 538 points to
10,451.[302]

On 12 March, Indian stock markets

suffered their worst crash since June 2017
after WHO's declaration of the outbreak as
a pandemic. The BSE SENSEX dropped
8.18 per cent or 2,919 points which was its
lowest in 23 months while the NIFTY
dropped 9 per cent or 950 points.[303]

The Indian Space Research Organisation's

GISAT-1 mission onboard GSLV which was
scheduled for its launch in April was
postponed due to the lockdown.[304]

On 1 April, the coal mining operations of

Singareni Collieries Company in Telangana
were halted due to the threat of the COVID
pandemic.[305]

Entertainment

The International Indian Film Academy

Awards, planned to take place on 27
March, was canceled.[306] Cinema halls
were shut down by most state
governments. Film bodies decided to stop
the production of films, TV shows and web
series till 31 March.[307] On 25 March, all
video streaming services, jointly decided
to offer only SD quality content on cellular
networks. They also decided to lower the
bitrates to 480p to lower the stress on
telecom networks throughout the 21-day
lockdown during which there would be an
unprecedented surge in mobile internet
consumption since people were confined
to their homes.[308] The Indian
Broadcasting Foundation (IBF) said that
four major broadcasting networks in the
country have decided to waive all fees for
four channels for two months. The IBF is
an organisation promoting the Indian
television industry. In a statement, the
foundation said that Sony Pal, run by Sony,
Star Utsav, run by Star India, Viacom18's
Colors Rishtey run by colors and Zee
Anmol run by Zee TV will be available for
two months free to all viewers in the
country. This offer is for all DTH and cable
networks.[309]

Events
On 6 March, the Border Security Force
announced that the Wagah-Attari border
ceremony would be conducted without any
spectators as a precautionary measure,
effective from 7 March.[310] The Padma
Awards ceremony that was scheduled to
be held on 3 April was postponed.[311]

Historical buildings

On 17 March, All the historic buildings in

the country will remain closed till 31
March. According to Union Tourism
Minister Prahlad Patel the Taj Mahal, Red
Fort and Qutub Minar and all the National
Monuments and Museums under the
Archaeological Department of India will
remain closed till 31 March.[312] The Statue
of Unity will be closed to visitors till 25
March.[313][314]

Religion
 

Play media
Temple Ram Mandir in the heart of Bhubaneswar.

On 17 March, Mumbai's Siddhivinayak

Temple was closed till further notice.[315]
The next day, the Mata Vaishno Devi
pilgrimage in Jammu and Kashmir was
called off.[316] Apart from this, the
operation of all interstate buses coming to
from Jammu and Kashmir has also been
stopped. Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Shrine
Board (SMVDSB), issued a consultation for
foreigners not to visit the temple until 28
days after their arrival in India.[317] Entry
restrictions are also in place for the aarti
held at the Ganges Ghat in Varanasi; the
organisers have been asked to complete
the Ganga Aarti in a simple way.[318][319]

On 19 March, entry at Har Ki Pauri, Ganga

Ghat, in Haridwar was closed till 31 March.
However, the aarti at Har Ki Pauri Ghat
continued and shown to devotees through
live streaming.[320] Jagannath Temple, Puri
was closed for visitors till 31 March.[321]
On the same day, the Government of
Andhra Pradesh closed visits to
Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala until 31
March.[322] Gandhi Ashram in Ahmedabad
will also be closed to visitors from 19 to
29 March.[323]

On 21 March, Rameswaram Ramanathan

Swamy Temple in Tamil Nadu was closed
till 31st. During this period, devotees were
banned from entering the temple.[324][325]
On 26 March, The Mecca Masjid of
Hyderabad was closed to devotees.[326]

Many Christian churches have suspended

in-person mass and have offered worship
for their congregants through
livestreaming, radio and television.[327] The
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ranchi
has appealed to the Christian faithful to
aid refugees from the Indian state of
Jharkhand who have been stranded since
the lockdown.[328] State government of
Jammu & Kashmir cancels Amarnath
Yatra.

Sports

The 2020 ISSF World Cup, which was to

commence on 15 March in New Delhi, was
postponed.[329] The Indian Open
badminton tournament which was
scheduled to be held in New Delhi from 24
to 29 March was suspended until 12
April.[330]
India's FIFA World Cup qualification match
on 26 March against Qatar in
Bhubaneswar was postponed.[331] The All
India Football Federation suspended all
matches of I-League and I-League 2nd
Division from 15 March.[332] On 14 March,
the 2020 Indian Super League Final was
played behind closed doors.[333][334]

On 13 March, the Board of Control for

Cricket in India announced that the
opening of 2020 Indian Premier League
was postponed from 29 March to 15 April.
On 16 April, BCCI suspended the
tournament indefinitely due to the
pandemic.[335][336]

On 13 March, BCCI cancelled the ODI

matches between India and South Africa
on 15 and 18 March, which were originally
announced to be played without
spectators.[337]

TCS World 10 Bengaluru, the IAAF Gold

Label Road Race scheduled to be held on
17 May was postponed to 13
September.[338]

Transportation

Flights

IndiGo cancelled its Delhi-Istanbul and

Chennai - Kuala Lumpur flights starting 18
March to prevent international travel from
Turkey and Malaysia.[339] This ban will
continue till 31 March.[340] On 17 March
2020, Go Air suspended its international
flights till further notice.[341] On 19 March,
the Government of India announced that
no international flights will be allowed to
land in India from 22 March.[342] On 23
March, the union government announced
the suspension of all domestic flights in
the country starting 25 March.[343]

Railways

On 14 March, Western and Central

Railways removed curtains and blankets
from AC coaches.[344] On 17 March,
Western Railways hiked platform ticket
charges from Rs. 10 to Rs. 50 across 250
stations.[345] Central Railways cancelled 23
trains.[346] On 19 March, Tejas Express
running between Lucknow Junction to
New Delhi and Varanasi to Indore will
remain canceled till 31 March.[347] On 20
March, Delhi Metro was scheduled to
remain closed on 22 March due to Janata
Curfew.[348] On 22 March, metro services
across India were suspended till 31
March.[349] On 21 March, in view of Janata
curfew, Indian Railways announced the
cancellation of 3,700 trains across the
country.[350][351] On 22 March, the union
government cancelled all train services in
the country baring goods trains, that is
around 12,500 trains, and all non-essential
passenger transport including interstate
transport buses.[352] IRCTC suspended the
bookings for 3 private trains till 30
April.[353] After the Prime Minister Modi
extended the nationwide lockdown till 3
May. the Indian Railways not only
extended the suspension of all its
passenger trains during the period but also
suspended all ticket bookings till further
notice.[354]

Road

On 19 March, bus services between the

cities of Maharashtra and Madhya
Pradesh have been postponed from 21 to
31 March 2020.[355][356] Punjab
government imposed a ban on public
transport including buses, auto rickshaws
and tempos from 21 March.[357] Public
transport including buses, mini buses,
maxi cabs and auto services were banned
in Srinagar.[358]

Exodus of migrant workers

An estimated 139 million migrant workers

from the countryside work in India's cities
and towns. With factories and workplaces
shut down, they were left with no
livelihood. In the first few days of the
lockdown, television screens captured
long processions of migrant workers
walking miles to go back to their native
villages, often with families and young
children on shoulders.[359] Two days later,
the Uttar Pradesh government decided to
arrange buses at Delhi's Anand Vihar bus
station to take the migrants back to their
villages. Large crowds gathered at the bus
station awaiting buses. The central
government issued a press statement
stating that it had asked state
governments to set up immediate relief
camps for the migrant workers returning
to their native states.[360] On 29 March, the
government issued sweeping orders
directing that the landlords should not
demand rent during the period of the
lockdown and that employers should pay
wages without deduction. The people that
violated the lockdown were to be sent to
government-run quarantine facilities for 14
days.[361][362] The Supreme Court of India
agreed to hear a petition on behalf of the
migrant workers on 30 March.[363] The
Court asked the central government to file
status report with respect to the situation
of migrant workers.[364] In its report, the
central government stated that the migrant
workers, apprehensive about their survival,
moved in the panic created by fake news
that the lock down would last for more
than three months.[365]
 

Migrant workers stand in a queue for food at Delhi

Govt school during COVID-19 Lockdown at Delhi

Unemployment

The coronavirus lockdown in India has left

tens of millions of migrant workers
unemployed.[366][367]
Food security

The lockdown has disrupted food supplies

and threatens to trigger a food
crisis.[368][369]

Help

Immediate relief

On 19 March, Kerala chief minister (CM)

Pinarayi Vijayan announced a stimulus
package of ₹20,000 crore (US$2.8 billion)
to help the state overcome both the Covid-
19 epidemic and economic hardship
caused by it.[370] On 21 March, Uttar
Pradesh CM Yogi Adityanath announced
₹1,000 (US$14) to all daily wage
labourers.[371] On 22 March, Punjab CM
Amarinder Singh announced ₹3,000
(US$42) to all registered construction
workers.[372] Telangana CM K.
Chandrashekar Rao announced that white
ration card holders will be provided ₹1,500
(US$21) per family through ration
shops.[373] On 26 March, Union Finance
Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced
an economic relief package of
₹1.7 lakh crore (US$24 billion), which
would be a mix of food security and direct
cash transfer, primarily for migrant
labourers and daily wage labourers.[374]
Prime Minister's National Relief Fund
received several donations - ₹3,381 crore
(US$470 million) from the Central Reserve
Police Force,[375][376] and a month's salary
from Vice President Venkaiah Naidu, Law
Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad and NCP's
MPs.[377][378] NCP President Sharad Pawar
announced that his party's MLAs would
donate their one month's salary to
Maharashtra CM's Reief Fund.[378] RBI
Governor Shaktikanta Das permitted all
banks to provide a moratorium on all loans
for three months without having to worry
about NPAs and keeping their books
healthy. He also laid down various
measures for injecting ₹3.74 lakh crore
(US$52 billion) liquidity into the
system.[379] Saibaba Sansthan Trust, Shirdi
donated ₹51 crore (US$7.2 million) to
Maharashtra CM's relief fund.[380] The
Union Government released ₹4,431 crore
(US$620 million) pay off the pending
wages of daily wage labourers who come
under MGNREGA scheme.[381][382] In Delhi,
Arvind Kejriwal announced that if a doctor,
nurse or hygiene worker dies during
treatment, their family will be provided
₹10 million (US$140,000).[383]
PM CARES Fund

On 28 March, the Prime Minister's Citizen

Assistance and Relief in Emergency
Situations Fund (PM CARES Fund) was set
up to provide relief to the affected
people.[384] Several large business groups
contributed to the relief fund, including
Tata Sons and Tata Trusts (₹1,500
crore),[385] Wipro and Azim Premji
Foundation (₹1,125 crore),[386] Reliance
Industries (₹500 crore)[387] and Aditya Birla
Group (₹500 crore).[388] In addition, power
and renewable energy PSUs contributed a
total of ₹925 crore,[389] whereas oil and
gas PSUs contributed more than ₹1,031
crore.[390]

Gas cylinders

On 26 March, finance minister Nirmala

Sitharaman announced free gas cylinders
for three months to beneficiaries of
Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana.[391]
Rations

On 21 March, Delhi CM Arvind Kejriwal

increased free ration from 5 kilograms to
7.5 kilograms for the 7.2 million people
who are dependent on the ration
scheme.[392] On 22 March, Karnataka CM
BS Yediyurappa announced two months of
free ration for all the people.[393] Andhra
Pradesh CM Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy
announced free ration for the poor.[394]
Telangana CM announced that white
ration card holders will be provided with 12
kilograms of free rice per person (against
a monthly supply of 6 kilograms per card
person) through ration shops. On 23
March, Bihar CM Nitish Kumar announced
one month of free ration for all ration card
holders.

On 25 March, Union Minister Prakash

Javadekar announced that 80 crore people
would be given wheat at the rate of Rs 2
per kg, and rice at Rs 3 per kg. He also
said that three months ration advance
would be given.[395]
On 21 April, Arvind Kejriwal announced
that 10 crore people would be given free
rations in Delhi.[396]

Masks and supplies

On 25 March, Vivo said that they would be

donating 1,00,000 surgical and 5,000 N95
masks to Maharashtra government.[397] On
26 March, former Indian cricketers, Irfan
Pathan and Yusuf Pathan, made a
donation of 4,000 masks.[398]
On 28 March, Hyundai India announced
placing an order for 25,000 COVID-19
Advanced Diagnostic Testing Kits from
South Korea.[399]

As of 3 April 2020, Indian Railways had

produced total of 2 lakh (200,000) masks
and 25,000 sanitisers.[400]

Premier universities in India such as IIT

Delhi,[401] IIT Kanpur,[402] IIT
Hyderabad,[403] NIT Karnataka,[404] NIT
Tiruchirappalli[405] and NIT Warangal[406]
had prepared hand sanitisers in their
laboratories and started distributing to the
people.

Situation

Tablighi Jamaat event

The Tablighi Jamaat wanted to arrange the

program somewhere in Vasai,
Maharashtra. After the outbreak of COVID-
19 in Maharashtra, the Government of
Maharashtra and Mumbai Police called off
the meeting. After the rejection from the
Government of Maharashtra, the
Nizamuddin faction of the Tablighi Jamaat
held the religious congregational program
(Ijtema) in Nizamuddin West,
Delhi.[407][408][409] The Delhi Government's
order of 13 March that no seminars,
conferences or any big event (beyond 200
people) are to be held was apparently
ignored by the organisation, and the Delhi
Police also failed to enforce it.[410][411]
There were also other violation of rules by
foreign speakers including misuse of
tourist visa for missionary activities and
not taking 14-day home quarantine for
travellers from abroad.[412]

At least 24 of the attendees had tested

positive for the virus among the 300 who
showed symptoms by 31 March 2020.[413]
It is believed that the sources of infection
were preachers from Indonesia.[414] Many
had returned to their states and also
provided refuge to foreign speakers
without the knowledge of local
governments.[415] and eventually started
local transmissions especially in Tamil
Nadu, Telengana, Karnataka, Jammu and
Kashmir and Assam. The entire
Nizamuddin West area has been cordoned
off by the Police as of 30 March, and
medical camps have been set up.[416] After
evacuation from the markaz, of the scores
of jamaat attendees, 167 of them were
quarantined in a railway facility in south
east Delhi amid concerns over their safety
and transmission of the virus. The Tablighi
Jamaat gathering emerged as one of
India's major coronavirus hotspots in
India,[417] after 1445 out of 4067 cases
were linked to attendees according to the
Health Ministry.[418][419] On 18 April 2020,
Central Government said that 4,291 cases
(or 29.8% Of the total 14,378 confirmed
cases of Covid-19 in India) were linked to
the Tablighi Jamaat, and these cases were
spread across 23 states and Union
Territories.[420]
Questions have been raised as to how the
Delhi Police allowed this event to proceed
in the midst of a pandemic,[421] while a
similar event was prohibited in Mumbai by
the Maharashtra Police.[422] Once the
COVID lockdown came into effect in Delhi
from 22 March onwards, the missionaries
remaining in the Nizamuddin Markaz were
trapped, and the functionaries began to
seek assistance from the authorities for
their evacuation.[423] As of 4 April, more
than 1000 cases, representing 30% all
confimed cases in India, were linked to the
Nizamuddin event. Some 22,000 people
that came in contact with the Tablighi
Jamaat missionaries had to be
quarantined.[424] On 31 March 2020, an FIR
was filed against Muhammad Saad
Kandhlawi and others by Delhi Police
Crime Branch under Section 3 (penalty for
offence) of the Epidemic Diseases Act,
1897 and Sections 269 (Negligent act
likely to spread infection of disease), 270
(malignant act likely to spread infection of
disease), 271 (disobedience to quarantine
rule) and 120b (punishment of criminal
conspiracy) of the IPC.[425][426][427] On 8
April 2020, the Delhi Police traced Tablighi
Jamaat leader Maulana Saad Kandhalvi in
Zakirnagar in South-East Delhi, where he
claimed to be under self-quarantine.[428]
Many other members of the missionary
group have also been booked for allegedly
helping spread the disease, including by
hiding in mosques, a police official
claimed. However, the Government of
India has denied that it is singling out
Muslims.[429]

A group of Tablighi Jamaat members in

some quarantine centres were held for
spitting on doctors and also misbehaving
with female nurses. In other centres they
were also caught spitting, misbehaving
and not cooperating. Many of them have
been charged under the National Security
Act.[430][431][432]
Panic buying

Hyderabad witnessed panic buying

throughout 20 and 21 March.[433] Panic
buying of milk and other dairy products
was also reported.[434][435] Online grocery
delivery service Grofers also witnessed
panic buying across states.[436]

Retailers and consumer goods firms saw

their average daily sales more than double
on 19 March as consumers rushed to buy
essentials ahead of PM Modi’s address to
the nation.[437] In response to this, Modi
assured the citizens that there was
enough food and ration supplies and
advised them against panic buying.[438]

Escaping of suspected people

Several cases are reported across the

country, where people who are suspected
to have come in contact with the virus,
escaped from the quarantines and
hospitals.[439][440]
In Chhattisgarh, a 35 yr-old man from
Tagapani, Dhamtari, who was put under
isolation home by the health dept after his
return from Tamil Nadu, committed
suicide.[441]

In Gujarat, 93 people have broken self-

isolation rules in 10 days. FIRs have been
filed against 10.[442]

Two expats in Kasaragod district, Kerala,

who violated quarantine measures were
subjected to punitive measures, including
cancellation of their Indian passports.[443]

On 20 March, A case of 26-year-old

woman suspected of being infected with
the corona virus has been reported to have
fled the hospital in Punjab. The woman,
who hails from Mohali, recently returned
from the US and was brought to a
government hospital in Chandigarh.[444]

On 13 March in Telangana, one woman

returned from Singapore has been
missing, while a man who came from
Doha went somewhere without telling
hospital staff.[445]

Misinformation and discrimination

Despite evidence to the contrary, a viral

rumour spread online alleging that only
people who eat meat were affected by
coronavirus, causing
"#NoMeat_NoCoronaVirus" to trend on
Twitter.[446] To curb these rumours and
combat declining sales, some poultry
industry associations held a "Chicken and
Egg Mela" in Hyderabad. Several
Telangana state ministers were in
attendance and ate some of the free eggs
and fried chicken being distributed at the
event to show their support for the
industry.[447]

Muslim cleric Ilyas Sharafuddin has stated

that Allah has punished the Chinese by
unleashing Corona virus on them for their
brutal crackdown on Uighur Muslims.[448]
The Chinese consulate in Kolkata also
condemned similar statements reportedly
made by Dilip Ghosh, president of the
West Bengal unit of the ruling Bharatiya
Janata Party.[449]

Some politicians like Swami Chakrapani

and Suman Haripriya claimed that drinking
cow urine and applying cow dung on the
body can cure coronavirus.[450][451] WHO's
chief scientist Soumya Swaminathan
rubbished such claims and criticised these
politicians for spreading
misinformation.[452][453]

Reports of harassment of people from

Northeast India, which shares a border
with Tibet and Myanmar, in Chennai, Pune
and Hyderabad have been reported
following the outbreak.[454][455][456]
Students from Kirori Mal College in Delhi,
Tata Institute of Social Sciences in
Mumbai and other institutes in Kolkata
have also faced harassment and filed
complaints with authorities.[457][458][459]
Misinformation that the government is
spreading "anti-corona" drug in the country
during Janata curfew went viral on social
media.[460] Film actor Mohanlal and many
others shared the fake news that, the
vibration generated by clapping together
during Janata curfew will kill the virus.[461]
One viral message says that the lifetime of
coronavirus is only 12 hours and staying
home for 14 hours during Janata curfew
break the chain of transmission.[462]
Another message claimed that observing
Janata curfew will result in the reduction
of coronavirus cases by 40%.[462] Tweet by
Rajinikanth claiming that a 14-hour stay
home can stop the coronavirus disease
going from "stage 2" to "stage 3" was
classified as misinformation and was
taken down by Twitter for violating
community guidelines.[463] Amitabh
Bachchan was heavily criticised for one of
his tweets, which claimed vibrations from
clapping, blowing conch shells as part of
Sunday's Janata Curfew would have
reduced or destroyed coronavirus potency
as it was ‘amavasya’, the darkest day of
the month.[464]

Residents of a village named Korauna in

Sitapur district in Uttar Pradesh faced
discrimination due to similarity in name of
the village with the virus.[465]

Some doctors and medical workers were

evicted from their homes over fears they
may be carrying coronavirus. In cases
reported across the country, healthcare
professionals described the growing
stigma they are facing from their
neighbours and landlords, resulting in
many being refused taxis, barricaded from
their own homes, or made
homeless.[466][467]

In March 2020, foreigners from countries

such as UK, US and Israel were facing
hostility, including evictions from rented
homes.[468]
Some patients, in different quarantine
facilities of Uttar Pradesh, refused to eat
food because the cooks in these facilities
were Dalits.[469][470]

Muslim gatherings organised by the

Tablighi Jamaat has resulted in a large
increase in COVID-19 cases, which has
triggered Islamophobic reactions and
increased communal tension.[471][472][473]
Islamophobic hashtags began circulating
shortly after the news broke in late
March.[474] Videos falsely claiming to
show members of Tablighi Jamaat spitting
on police and other such allegations
quickly went viral on social media.[475][476]
A tribal boy in Jharkhand was killed over a
clash over such rumours.[477] In North
West Delhi, a mob attacked a Muslim man
and told him to renounce Islam as they
believed that he was part of a so-called
Islamic conspiracy to spread
coronavirus.[478]

Rajasthan Congress MLA Bharat Singh

Kundanpur in a letter to Chief Minister
Ashok Gehlot claimed that, "When
coronavirus can be removed by washing
hands with alcohol, then drinking alcohol
will surely remove virus from the throat."
His claim was rubbished by several health
experts and doctors.[479]

Statistics
The numbers are from data published by
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare on
their website.
Confirmed cases, deaths, and
recoveries by state and union territory
vte 2020 coronavirus pandemic in Ind

S.No. State/Union Territory

1 Andaman and Nicobar Islands

2 Andhra Pradesh

3 Arunachal Pradesh

4 Assam

5 Bihar

6 Chandigarh

7 Chhattisgarh

8 Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and

 Diu

9 Delhi

10 Goa

11 Gujarat

12 Haryana

13 Himachal Pradesh

14 Jammu and Kashmir

15 Jharkhand

16 Karnataka

17 Kerala

18 Ladakh
19 Lakshadweep

20 Madhya Pradesh

21 Maharashtra

22 Manipur

23 Meghalaya

24 Mizoram

25 Nagaland

26 Odisha

27 Puducherry

28 Punjab

29 Rajasthan
 30 Sikkim

31 Tamil Nadu

32 Telangana

33 Tripura

34 Uttar Pradesh

35 Uttarakhand

36 West Bengal

Total

*Inclusive of 111 fo

As of 3 May 2

Footnotes
a. The MoHFW data has included a case
from Dimapur district of Nagaland, a
northeastern state of India, against the
case count of Assam. It has been
included since the patient was shifted
in GMCH, Assam for treatment.[480]
Here in the table the case figure is
included against Assam as per
MoHFW and not per the Government
of Assam's statistics.[481]
b. The MoHFW data has included a death
from Mahé district of Puducherry, a
 union territory of India and which is
surrounded by North Malabar of Kerala
State, against the death count of
Kerala. It has been included since the
patient died at Parayaram Medical
College in Kannur, Kerala.[482] Here in
the table the death figure is included
against Kerala as per MoHFW and not
per the Government of Kerala’s
statistics.[483]

Charts
Semilog plot of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and of
COVID-19 deaths in India. An exponential growth
rate of a 16% increase in cases per day is shown.

Graph source: Data from MoHFW

New cases by state and union

territory
 Date

(2020)

Feb-02
Jan-30
Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Andhra Pradesh

Arunachal Pradesh
Assam
New COVID-19 cases in India by state and union territory (v t e )

Bihar

Chandigarh
Chhattisgarh

Delhi
Feb-03

Mar-02 1

Mar-03

Mar-04 1

Mar-05 1

Mar-06 1

Mar-07

Mar-08

Mar-09 1

Mar-10

Mar-11 1

Mar-12 1 2
Mar-13

Mar-14 1(1)

Mar-15

Mar-16

Mar-17 1

Confirmed Indian cases abroad

The Ministry of External Affairs have

confirmed that there are 3336 confirmed
Indians cases abroad and 25 have died as
of 16 April across 53 countries.[503][504]
Confirmed cases of Indian nationals abroad
Active
Country/Region Death Total
cases

   Kuwait[503] 785 1[505] 786

   Singapore[503] 634 1[506] 635

   Qatar[503] 420 Unknown 420

   Iran[503] 308 1[507] 309

   Oman[503] 297 Unknown 297

   United Arab
238 Unknown 238
Emirates[503]

   Saudi Arabia[503] 176 10[504] 186

   Bahrain[503] 135 Unknown 135

   Italy[503] 91 Unknown 91

   Malaysia[503] 37 Unknown 37

   Portugal[503] 36 Unknown 36

   United States of
13 11 24
America[503]

   Ghana[503] 24 Unknown 24

    Switzerland[503] 15 Unknown 15

   France[503] 13 Unknown 13

   Sri Lanka[508] 1 Unknown 1

   Rwanda[508] 1 Unknown 1

   Hong Kong[508] 1 Unknown 1

 Total* 3336 25 3361

*Total of all 53 countries where Confirmed

Indian cases reported till 16 April 2020

States and union territories without

cases

No confirmed cases have been reported in

the following states and union
territories:[509]

Sikkim
 Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and
Diu
Lakshadweep

Without any active cases:

Arunachal Pradesh
Goa
Manipur
Nagaland
Tripura

See also
 2020 coronavirus pandemic in Asia
2020 coronavirus pandemic in South
Asia
SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund
2020 Tablighi Jamaat coronavirus
hotspot in Delhi
2020 stock market crash

Notes
1. 111 confirmed cases of foreign
nationals who have been tested
positive in India are also included here
 2. 1 migrated case to another country is
also included here
3. 2 foreign nationals who died in India
due to Covid19 are also included
here[6][7]

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COVID-19 on MyGov.in – Government's

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"District Map of CoViD-19 in India" .
fieldmaps.in. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
2020 coronavirus pandemic in India
playlist on YouTube – COVID-19
Management videos by the Ministry of
Health and Family Welfare
Prasad, R.; Perappadan, Bindu Shajan;
Shelar, Jyoti (2020). George, P.J. (ed.).
The Pandemic Notebook (PDF). The
Hindu. "A handy guide from The Hindu
on understanding the coronavirus
pandemic and staying protected against
COVID-19"
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