Topics; 1) Energy Production And Conservation

Finding the ideal balance between energy and water consumption has always been a
challenge. Energy use at a water or wastewater utility can be 30 percent to 50 percent
of the municipality’s total electricity consumption. In addition, the energy industry
itself requires a significant amount of water to operate. But a water-energy nexus
solution is on the horizon, as more energy-efficient technologies and alternative
energy production methods are developed. 

2) Nutrient Management

Changing regulations and increasingly stringent effluent limits have brought nutrient
management to the forefront of the wastewater industry. 

Stories On Nutrient Management From Water Online

'Peecycle' Please: Will Urine Separation For Nutrient Recovery Take Off?

3 Alternative Nutrient-Removal Techniques

What Everyone Should Know About Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal

3) Residuals and Biosolids

The management and removal of residuals, sludge, and biosolids, has historically
been a burden on wastewater utilities, accounting for nearly 50 percent of treatment
costs. But this “waste” may hold the key to additional revenue if reclaimed and sold. 

Stories On  Residuals and Biosolids From Water Online:

Revolutionary Sludge Management Comes To America

Bio-Dredging: Cost-Saving Sludge Digestion For Lagoons

4) Water Reclamation And Reuse

There is a growing trend of reusing treated wastewater effluent for both drinking
water and industrial applications. On the drinking water side, water shortages have
made direct potable reuse (DPR) and indirect potable reuse applications a necessity
in parts of the country. Pressure to use less water on the industrial sector has
resulted in innovative reuse applications as well. 

6) Stormwater, Green Infrastructure, And Wet Weather Management

Stormwater management is a growing focus for the wastewater industry. Heavy wet-

weather events often overwhelm wastewater systems — which are often too small for a growing
population — and untreated sewage ends up overflowing into local water bodies. Green infrastructure
solutions and growing regulation offer solutions. 

Utility Management
Objective:
The objective of wastewater treatment is to reduce the pollutants to less than maximum
permissible limits to prevent the threat to the environment and human health. To achieve
this, wastewater is collected and treated in large plants before it is permitted to be released
back into the environment. All the water used in homes that flows into drains or the sewage
system is referred as wastewater. Industries and businesses frequently contribute large
volumes of wastewater to sewage collection systems.

Introduction:
Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from municipal wastewater,
containing mainly household sewage plus some industrial wastewater. Physical, chemical, and
biological processes are used to remove contaminants and produce treated wastewater (or
treated effluent) that is safe enough for release into the environment. A by-product of sewage
treatment is a semi-solid waste or slurry, called sewage sludge. The sludge has to undergo
further treatment before being suitable for disposal or application to land.
Sewage treatment may also be referred to as wastewater treatment. However, the latter is a
broader term which can also refer to industrial wastewater. For most cities, the sewer system will
also carry a proportion of industrial effluent to the sewage treatment plant which has usually
received pre-treatment at the factories themselves to reduce the pollutant load. If the sewer
system is a combined sewer then it will also carry urban runoff (stormwater) to the sewage
treatment plant. Sewage water can travel towards treatment plants via piping and in a flow aided
by gravity and pumps. The first part of filtration of sewage typically includes a bar screen to filter
solids and large objects which are then collected in dumpsters and disposed of in
landfills. Fat and grease is also removed before the primary treatment of sewage.

Sewage and its treatment.

Sewage is the liquid waste which includes human and house hold waste water, industrial waste
and ground wastes. sewage contains organic and inorganic matter dissolved ,suspended and
colloidal states in water .
Sewage may be broadly classified into 1) domestic sewage
2) Industrial sewage.

DOMESTIC WASTE.
Domestic sewage is the liquid wastes from residencies, institutions and business, buildings,
containing largely organic wastes from kitchens, baths and lavatories. It mainly consists of
organic load such as human excreta, urine, food wastes from kitchen, detergents from wash
places and bath rooms, in suspended, dissolved or dispersed form.
Industrial waste
Industrial sewage is from industrial establishments such as chemical plants, fertilizers factories
tanners, distilleries, refiners, textiles, etc. They contain wide variety of substances, such as acids,
oil, toxic chemicals, metals, animals and plant matters, non-biodegradable compounds.
Characteristic of domestic waste.

a) Physical characteristic

1) Colour and odour: fresh domestic waste is grey-green to grey yellow in colour,
but darkens with time due to decomposition. Fresh domestic sewage is without
any bad smell, but when becomes stale, it develops an offensive smell due to
evolution of gases like hydrogen sulphide, Ammonium sulphide, Phosphine,
etc.

2) Turbidity : sewage is normally turbid due to the presence of suspended matter.

3) Temperature :

Water, food and energy

securities are emerging
as increasingly
important and vital
issues for
Bangladesh and the
world. Most of the
river and canals in
Bangladesh is
polluted and
experiencing moderate
to severe water
shortages, brought on
by the simultaneous
effects of
agricultural growth,
industrialization and
urbanization. Sewage
is a major point
source of
pollution. Current and
future fresh water
demand could be met
by enhancing water use
efficiency
and demand
management. Thus,
wastewater/low quality
water is emerging as
potential source
for demand
management after
essential treatment.
Also, sewage can be
viewed as a source of
water that can be used
for various beneficial
uses including ground
water recharge
through
surface storage of
treated water and/or
rain/flood water in an
unlined reservoir. In
order to reduce
substantial expenditure
on long distance
conveyance of sewage
as well as treated
water for
recycling, decentralized
treatment of sewage is
advisable. Sewage /
wastewater treatment
consist
of different processes
which protect the
environment & human
through cleansing the
water
pollutant
Water, food and energy
securities are emerging
as increasingly
important and vital
issues for
Bangladesh and the
world. Most of the
river and canals in
Bangladesh is
polluted and
experiencing moderate
to severe water
shortages, brought on
by the simultaneous
effects of
agricultural growth,
industrialization and
urbanization. Sewage
is a major point
source of
pollution. Current and
future fresh water
demand could be met
by enhancing water use
efficiency
and demand
management. Thus,
wastewater/low quality
water is emerging as
potential source
for demand
management after
essential treatment.
Also, sewage can be
viewed as a source of
water that can be used
for various beneficial
uses including ground
water recharge
through
surface storage of
treated water and/or
rain/flood water in an
unlined reservoir. In
order to reduce
substantial expenditure
on long distance
conveyance of sewage
as well as treated
water for
recycling, decentralized
treatment of sewage is
advisable. Sewage /
wastewater treatment
consist
of different processes
which protect the
environment & human
through cleansing the
water
pollutant
Water, food and energy
securities are emerging
as increasingly
important and vital
issues for
Bangladesh and the
world. Most of the
river and canals in
Bangladesh is
polluted and
experiencing moderate
to severe water
shortages, brought on
by the simultaneous
effects of
agricultural growth,
industrialization and
urbanization. Sewage
is a major point
source of
pollution. Current and
future fresh water
demand could be met
by enhancing water use
efficiency
and demand
management. Thus,
wastewater/low quality
water is emerging as
potential source
for demand
management after
essential treatment.
Also, sewage can be
viewed as a source of
water that can be used
for various beneficial
uses including ground
water recharge
through
surface storage of
treated water and/or
rain/flood water in an
unlined reservoir. In
order to reduce
substantial expenditure
on long distance
conveyance of sewage
as well as treated
water for
recycling, decentralized
treatment of sewage is
advisable. Sewage /
wastewater treatment
consist
of different processes
which protect the
environment & human
through cleansing the
water
pollutant
Water, food and energy
securities are emerging
as increasingly
important and vital
issues for
Bangladesh and the
world. Most of the
river and canals in
Bangladesh is
polluted and
experiencing moderate
to severe water
shortages, brought on
by the simultaneous
effects of
agricultural growth,
industrialization and
urbanization. Sewage
is a major point
source of
pollution. Current and
future fresh water
demand could be met
by enhancing water use
efficiency
and demand
management. Thus,
wastewater/low quality
water is emerging as
potential source
for demand
management after
essential treatment.
Also, sewage can be
viewed as a source of
water that can be used
for various beneficial
uses including ground
water recharge
through
surface storage of
treated water and/or
rain/flood water in an
unlined reservoir. In
order to reduce
substantial expenditure
on long distance
conveyance of sewage
as well as treated
water for
recycling, decentralized
treatment of sewage is
advisable. Sewage /
wastewater treatment
consist
of different processes
which protect the
environment & human
through cleansing the
water
pollutant
Water, food and energy
securities are emerging
as increasingly
important and vital
issues for
Bangladesh and the
world. Most of the
river and canals in
Bangladesh is
polluted and
experiencing moderate
to severe water
shortages, brought on
by the simultaneous
effects of
agricultural growth,
industrialization and
urbanization. Sewage
is a major point
source of
pollution. Current and
future fresh water
demand could be met
by enhancing water use
efficiency
and demand
management. Thus,
wastewater/low quality
water is emerging as
potential source
for demand
management after
essential treatment.
Also, sewage can be
viewed as a source of
water that can be used
for various beneficial
uses including ground
water recharge
through
surface storage of
treated water and/or
rain/flood water in an
unlined reservoir. In
order to reduce
substantial expenditure
on long distance
conveyance of sewage
as well as treated
water for
recycling, decentralized
treatment of sewage is
advisable. Sewage /
wastewater treatment
consist
of different processes
which protect the
environment & human
through cleansing the
water
pollutant
Water, food and energy
securities are emerging
as increasingly
important and vital
issues for
Bangladesh and the
world. Most of the
river and canals in
Bangladesh is
polluted and
experiencing moderate
to severe water
shortages, brought on
by the simultaneous
effects of
agricultural growth,
industrialization and
urbanization. Sewage
is a major point
source of
pollution. Current and
future fresh water
demand could be met
by enhancing water use
efficiency
and demand
management. Thus,
wastewater/low quality
water is emerging as
potential source
for demand
management after
essential treatment.
Also, sewage can be
viewed as a source of
water that can be used
for various beneficial
uses including ground
water recharge
through
surface storage of
treated water and/or
rain/flood water in an
unlined reservoir. In
order to reduce
substantial expenditure
on long distance
conveyance of sewage
as well as treated
water for
recycling, decentralized
treatment of sewage is
advisable. Sewage /
wastewater treatment
consist
of different processes
which protect the
environment & human
through cleansing the
water
pollutant
Water, food and energy
securities are emerging
as increasingly
important and vital
issues for
Bangladesh and the
world. Most of the
river and canals in
Bangladesh is
polluted and
experiencing moderate
to severe water
shortages, brought on
by the simultaneous
effects of
agricultural growth,
industrialization and
urbanization. Sewage
is a major point
source of
pollution. Current and
future fresh water
demand could be met
by enhancing water use
efficiency
and demand
management. Thus,
wastewater/low quality
water is emerging as
potential source
for demand
management after
essential treatment.
Also, sewage can be
viewed as a source of
water that can be used
for various beneficial
uses including ground
water recharge
through
surface storage of
treated water and/or
rain/flood water in an
unlined reservoir. In
order to reduce
substantial expenditure
on long distance
conveyance of sewage
as well as treated
water for
recycling, decentralized
treatment of sewage is
advisable. Sewage /
wastewater treatment
consist
of different processes
which protect the
environment & human
through cleansing the
water
pollutant
Water, food and energy
securities are emerging
as increasingly
important and vital
issues for
Bangladesh and the
world. Most of the
river and canals in
Bangladesh is
polluted and
experiencing moderate
to severe water
shortages, brought on
by the simultaneous
effects of
agricultural growth,
industrialization and
urbanization. Sewage
is a major point
source of
pollution. Current and
future fresh water
demand could be met
by enhancing water use
efficiency
and demand
management. Thus,
wastewater/low quality
water is emerging as
potential source
for demand
management after
essential treatment.
Also, sewage can be
viewed as a source of
water that can be used
for various beneficial
uses including ground
water recharge
through
surface storage of
treated water and/or
rain/flood water in an
unlined reservoir. In
order to reduce
substantial expenditure
on long distance
conveyance of sewage
as well as treated
water for
recycling, decentralized
treatment of sewage is
advisable. Sewage /
wastewater treatment
consist
of different processes
which protect the
environment & human
through cleansing the
water
pollutant
Water, food and energy
securities are emerging
as increasingly
important and vital
issues for
Bangladesh and the
world. Most of the
river and canals in
Bangladesh is
polluted and
experiencing moderate
to severe water
shortages, brought on
by the simultaneous
effects of
agricultural growth,
industrialization and
urbanization. Sewage
is a major point
source of
pollution. Current and
future fresh water
demand could be met
by enhancing water use
efficiency
and demand
management. Thus,
wastewater/low quality
water is emerging as
potential source
for demand
management after
essential treatment.
Also, sewage can be
viewed as a source of
water that can be used
for various beneficial
uses including ground
water recharge
through
surface storage of
treated water and/or
rain/flood water in an
unlined reservoir. In
order to reduce
substantial expenditure
on long distance
conveyance of sewage
as well as treated
water for
recycling, decentralized
treatment of sewage is
advisable. Sewage /
wastewater treatment
consist
of different processes
which protect the
environment & human
through cleansing the
water
pollutant
Water, food and energy
securities are emerging
as increasingly
important and vital
issues for
Bangladesh and the
world. Most of the
river and canals in
Bangladesh is
polluted and
experiencing moderate
to severe water
shortages, brought on
by the simultaneous
effects of
agricultural growth,
industrialization and
urbanization. Sewage
is a major point
source of
pollution. Current and
future fresh water
demand could be met
by enhancing water use
efficiency
and demand
management. Thus,
wastewater/low quality
water is emerging as
potential source
for demand
management after
essential treatment.
Also, sewage can be
viewed as a source of
water that can be used
for various beneficial
uses including ground
water recharge
through
surface storage of
treated water and/or
rain/flood water in an
unlined reservoir. In
order to reduce
substantial expenditure
on long distance
conveyance of sewage
as well as treated
water for
recycling, decentralized
treatment of sewage is
advisable. Sewage /
wastewater treatment
consist
of different processes
which protect the
environment & human
through cleansing the
water
pollutant

Water, food and energy

securities are emerging
as increasingly
important and vital
issues for
Bangladesh and the
world. Most of the
river and canals in
Bangladesh is
polluted and
experiencing moderate
to severe water
shortages, brought on
by the simultaneous
effects of
agricultural growth,
industrialization and
urbanization. Sewage
is a major point
source of
pollution. Current and
future fresh water
demand could be met
by enhancing water use
efficiency
and demand
management. Thus,
wastewater/low quality
water is emerging as
potential source
for demand
management after
essential treatment.
Also, sewage can be
viewed as a source of
water that can be used
for various beneficial
uses including ground
water recharge
through
surface storage of
treated water and/or
rain/flood water in an
unlined reservoir. In
order to reduce
substantial expenditure
on long distance
conveyance of sewage
as well as treated
water for
recycling, decentralized
treatment of sewage is
advisable. Sewage /
wastewater treatment
consist
of different processes
which protect the
environment & human
through cleansing the
water
pollutant.
1.2 SEWAGE
Sewage is the
wastewater generated
by a community,
namely: a) domestic
wastewater, from
bathrooms, toilets,
kitchens, etc., b) raw
or treated industrial
wastewater discharged
in the
sewerage system, and
sometimes c) rain-
water and urban runoff.
Domestic wastewater is
the
main component of
sewage, and it is often
taken as a synonym.
The sewage ow rate
and
composition vary
considerably from place
to place, depending on
economic
aspects, social
behavior, type and
number of industries
in the area, climatic
conditions,
water consumption,
type of sewers
system, etc. The
main pollutants in
sewage are
suspended solids,
soluble organic
compounds, and fecal
pathogenic
microorganisms, but
sewage is not just
made up of human
excrement and water.
A variety of
chemicals like heavy
metals, trace
elements, detergents,
solvents, pesticides,
and other unusual
compounds
like pharmaceuticals,
antibiotics, and
hormones can also
be detected in
sewage. With urban
runo! come potentially
toxic compounds like oil
from
cars and pesticides that
may reach the
treatment plant and,
eventually, a
water body.
Water, food and energy
securities are emerging
as increasingly
important and vital
issues for
Bangladesh and the
world. Most of the
river and canals in
Bangladesh is
polluted and
experiencing moderate
to severe water
shortages, brought on
by the simultaneous
effects of
agricultural growth,
industrialization and
urbanization. Sewage
is a major point
source of
pollution. Current and
future fresh water
demand could be met
by enhancing water use
efficiency
and demand
management. Thus,
wastewater/low quality
water is emerging as
potential source
for demand
management after
essential treatment.
Also, sewage can be
viewed as a source of
water that can be used
for various beneficial
uses including ground
water recharge
through
surface storage of
treated water and/or
rain/flood water in an
unlined reservoir. In
order to reduce
substantial expenditure
on long distance
conveyance of sewage
as well as treated
water for
recycling, decentralized
treatment of sewage is
advisable. Sewage /
wastewater treatment
consist
of different processes
which protect the
environment & human
through cleansing the
water
pollutant.
1.2 SEWAGE
Sewage is the
wastewater generated
by a community,
namely: a) domestic
wastewater, from
bathrooms, toilets,
kitchens, etc., b) raw
or treated industrial
wastewater discharged
in the
sewerage system, and
sometimes c) rain-
water and urban runoff.
Domestic wastewater is
the
main component of
sewage, and it is often
taken as a synonym.
The sewage ow rate
and
composition vary
considerably from place
to place, depending on
economic
aspects, social
behavior, type and
number of industries
in the area, climatic
conditions,
water consumption,
type of sewers
system, etc. The
main pollutants in
sewage are
suspended solids,
soluble organic
compounds, and fecal
pathogenic
microorganisms, but
sewage is not just
made up of human
excrement and water.
A variety of
chemicals like heavy
metals, trace
elements, detergents,
solvents, pesticides,
and other unusual
compounds
like pharmaceuticals,
antibiotics, and
hormones can also
be detected in
sewage. With urban
runo! come potentially
toxic compounds like oil
from
cars and pesticides that
may reach the
treatment plant and,
eventually, a
water body.
Water, food and energy
securities are emerging
as increasingly
important and vital
issues for
Bangladesh and the
world. Most of the
river and canals in
Bangladesh is
polluted and
experiencing moderate
to severe water
shortages, brought on
by the simultaneous
effects of
agricultural growth,
industrialization and
urbanization. Sewage
is a major point
source of
pollution. Current and
future fresh water
demand could be met
by enhancing water use
efficiency
and demand
management. Thus,
wastewater/low quality
water is emerging as
potential source
for demand
management after
essential treatment.
Also, sewage can be
viewed as a source of
water that can be used
for various beneficial
uses including ground
water recharge
through
surface storage of
treated water and/or
rain/flood water in an
unlined reservoir. In
order to reduce
substantial expenditure
on long distance
conveyance of sewage
as well as treated
water for
recycling, decentralized
treatment of sewage is
advisable. Sewage /
wastewater treatment
consist
of different processes
which protect the
environment & human
through cleansing the
water
pollutant.
1.2 SEWAGE
Sewage is the
wastewater generated
by a community,
namely: a) domestic
wastewater, from
bathrooms, toilets,
kitchens, etc., b) raw
or treated industrial
wastewater discharged
in the
sewerage system, and
sometimes c) rain-
water and urban runoff.
Domestic wastewater is
the
main component of
sewage, and it is often
taken as a synonym.
The sewage ow rate
and
composition vary
considerably from place
to place, depending on
economic
aspects, social
behavior, type and
number of industries
in the area, climatic
conditions,
water consumption,
type of sewers
system, etc. The
main pollutants in
sewage are
suspended solids,
soluble organic
compounds, and fecal
pathogenic
microorganisms, but
sewage is not just
made up of human
excrement and water.
A variety of
chemicals like heavy
metals, trace
elements, detergents,
solvents, pesticides,
and other unusual
compounds
like pharmaceuticals,
antibiotics, and
hormones can also
be detected in
sewage. With urban
runo! come potentially
toxic compounds like oil
from
cars and pesticides that
may reach the
treatment plant and,
eventually, a
water body.
Water, food and energy
securities are emerging
as increasingly
important and vital
issues for
Bangladesh and the
world. Most of the
river and canals in
Bangladesh is
polluted and
experiencing moderate
to severe water
shortages, brought on
by the simultaneous
effects of
agricultural growth,
industrialization and
urbanization. Sewage
is a major point
source of
pollution. Current and
future fresh water
demand could be met
by enhancing water use
efficiency
and demand
management. Thus,
wastewater/low quality
water is emerging as
potential source
for demand
management after
essential treatment.
Also, sewage can be
viewed as a source of
water that can be used
for various beneficial
uses including ground
water recharge
through
surface storage of
treated water and/or
rain/flood water in an
unlined reservoir. In
order to reduce
substantial expenditure
on long distance
conveyance of sewage
as well as treated
water for
recycling, decentralized
treatment of sewage is
advisable. Sewage /
wastewater treatment
consist
of different processes
which protect the
environment & human
through cleansing the
water
pollutant.
1.2 SEWAGE
Sewage is the
wastewater generated
by a community,
namely: a) domestic
wastewater, from
bathrooms, toilets,
kitchens, etc., b) raw
or treated industrial
wastewater discharged
in the
sewerage system, and
sometimes c) rain-
water and urban runoff.
Domestic wastewater is
the
main component of
sewage, and it is often
taken as a synonym.
The sewage ow rate
and
composition vary
considerably from place
to place, depending on
economic
aspects, social
behavior, type and
number of industries
in the area, climatic
conditions,
water consumption,
type of sewers
system, etc. The
main pollutants in
sewage are
suspended solids,
soluble organic
compounds, and fecal
pathogenic
microorganisms, but
sewage is not just
made up of human
excrement and water.
A variety of
chemicals like heavy
metals, trace
elements, detergents,
solvents, pesticides,
and other unusual
compounds
like pharmaceuticals,
antibiotics, and
hormones can also
be detected in
sewage. With urban
runo! come potentially
toxic compounds like oil
from
cars and pesticides that
may reach the
treatment plant and,
eventually, a
water body.