2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop

Technical Presentations
Session: I --- New Technologies, Session Chair:
Challenges, General Topics Norm Hein
Rob Sutton
Presentation Title: I – 1 Company(ies):
Hydraulic Tubing Anchor Results RARE Petro Engineering
from Hundreds of Installs in Uintah
Basin Rod Pumped S-Curve Waxy
Wells
Author(s): Contact Information:
Anthony D. McDaniels rarepetro@blackgoldpump.com
Abstract:
Presentation Background Summary. The beginning of the presentation will go over the basics of TBG anchoring and
the logistical/technical differences between mechanical set and hydraulic set TBG anchors.

Tubing anchors are a common attachment for rod pumped wells. The most common variety is known as a TAC (TBG
ANCHOR CATCHER) and is mechanically set/unset. Another variety is a hydraulic TBG anchor set by hydraulic
differential acting upon a piston to engage the anchor without the need for mechanical manipulations by rig hands on
the surface. The fundamental concept for hydraulic TBG anchors has been around for decades but has recently be
re-engineered to improve reliability and longevity.

Presentation Case Study Summary. The remainder of the presentation will discuss a Utah case study as follows:
During a two year development period between 2013 and 2014 operators Berry Petroleum Corp & LINN Energy LLC
installed hundreds of these hydraulic TBG anchors from Black Gold Pump & Supply Inc. (Signal Hill CA) in their Uinta
basin Green River/Wasatch paraffinic S-wells. These wells were all rod pumped and powered by gas power with no
automation. The decision to begin installing the hydraulic TBG anchor came from the engineering team to try and
address the constant fishing and stuck mechanical anchor issues in the Utah wells. Beginning with installs on new
development longer reach wells the program evolved into installs in ALL new wells which further evolved into laying
down mechanical anchors from maintenance pulls on existing wells and replacing with hydraulic anchors. While the
upfront cost of the hydraulic anchors was more than mechanical set anchors once the results came in on the dynos
that the TBG was being held and that wells with hydraulic anchors weren’t having the issues with pulling TBG on rig
jobs the field personnel, engineering and management teams were convinced that was the choice for TBG anchoring
in their rod pump wells. While there were some learnings and small isolated set-backs the program as a whole was
resoundingly successful and is a good case study on the functionality of the lesser known hydraulic set anchors vs
the commonly known and run mechanical set anchors.
Notes:
2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Page 2

2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop

Technical Presentations
Session: I --- New Technologies, Session Chair:
Challenges, General Topics Norm Hein
Rob Sutton
Presentation Title: I – 2 Company(ies):
Pilot of Novel Self-Reciprocating ExxonMobil
Pump for Deliquification XTO
Cormorant
RC Tolman, LLC
Author(s): Contact Information:
Michael Romer michael.c.romer@exxonmobil.com
Matthew Brown
Nick Ainsworth
Oran Rundberg
David Bolt
Travis Bolt
Randy Tolman
Abstract:
A novel hydraulically-powered self-reciprocating pump (SRP) was piloted in a Western Colorado gas well for
deliquification operations. The SRP was installed in a concentric flush-joint tubing string and was powered with a
compact surface pumping unit. The SRP was successfully able to lift net fluids up the concentric string by production
tubing annulus from over 10,000 ft vertical depth; gas was produced up the casing. The SRP was retrieved and
redeployed without the need for a workover rig, greatly reducing replacement costs. This presentation will describe
the SRP’s design, operation, field installation, retrieval/redeployment, and overall performance during the pilot.
Notes:
2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Page 3

2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop

Technical Presentations
Session: I --- New Technologies, Session Chair:
Challenges, General Topics Norm Hein
Rob Sutton
Presentation Title: I – 3 Company(ies):
Acoustic Troubleshooting of Echometer Company
Coal Bed Methane Wells
Author(s): Contact Information:
O. Lynn Rowlan lynn@echometer.com
Dieter Becker
Abstract:
The distance to the liquid level provides beneficial information with respect to the pump and the gas producing zones
in coal bed methane wells. The effectiveness of the artificial lift system can be evaluated in dewatering the coal
beds. The location of the liquid level can be used to determine well performance, is initial unloading of the well
effective, is production being maintained, and problems impacting the well operation. Liquid levels can be used to
help determine whether a problem is occurring in the wellbore or in the equipment. A quick surface measurement
determines if liquid is above the pump and reducing production by applying additional pressure on the formation.

Shallow wells can be difficult to determine accurate distances to liquid levels. Perforations, open hole, liner and quick
echoes from the liquid level create many echoes on the acoustic trace. For accurate analysis the echo from the liquid
level echo must be identified. Using an advanced analysis “Downhole Marker” method can increase the accuracy of
identifying the liquid level echo. Knowing the acoustic velocity for the composition of the gas being produced from
the well can be a step in the process of identifying the source of each echo. Microphone response can also obscure
the echo of the liquid level and special filtering techniques can be applied to remove low frequency signals to
emphasize the liquid level echo.

Acoustic fluid levels acquired on coal bed methane wells provide a low cost, direct method to observe the well and
benefit the operator through knowledge of the well’s producing conditions.
Notes:
2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Page 4

2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop

Technical Presentations
Session: I --- New Technologies, Session Chair:
Challenges, General Topics Norm Hein
Rob Sutton
Presentation Title: I – 4 Company(ies):
Deliquification Utilizing State of the Verdad Oi
Art Plunger Lift Compression Flogistix L.P.
Author(s): Contact Information:
Arthur Beecherl jfortner@flogistix.com
Aaron Baker
Jason Fortner
Abstract:
In the Denver Julesburg Basin, the primary means of artificial lift for natural gas well deliquification is plunger lift.
However, horizontal wells are often limited by gathering system pressures and experience considerable down time in
order to build sufficient downhole pressure. In cases of substantial liquid loading, wells may require a swab rig, which
directly impacts lost production and lease operating expenses.

By integrating plunger lift with “enhanced control” compression systems, horizontal wells can be effectively
deliquified, limiting production down time and increasing net revenue generation. The goal of “plunger lift
compression” is to manage a given well’s flowing head pressure, decreasing the lifting force required to bring the fluid
column to the surface. Over time, the well is able to perform a higher frequency of plunger cycles, carrying smaller
fluid volumes on each trip.

Enhanced compressor controls play a critical role in the process. The compressor responds to changes in the wells
flowing pressure and automatically adjusts its throughput as needed during the plunger cycle. The compressor is
designed to allow the well to flow freely to the sales infrastructure in the initial period of a plunger cycle. As the well
approaches critical velocity and its corresponding flow rate decreases, the entirety of the production gas is diverted
through the compressor. Thereby allowing the compressor to control the well’s flow rate and plunger velocity, and
ensuring that the fluid column successfully surfaces. Adjustments to the set points of the plunger lift controller are
also integral to the deliquification process, in allowing the well to initiate a plunger cycle as soon as the minimum
lifting force requirements are met.

Verdad Oil, in conjunction with Flogistix L.P., has demonstrated a successful model for deliquifying Niobrara
horizontal wells, resulting in stabilized production and improved monetary returns.
Notes:
2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Page 5

2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop

Technical Presentations
Session: I --- New Technologies, Session Chair:
Challenges, General Topics Norm Hein
Rob Sutton
Presentation Title: I – 5 Company(ies):
Foam Assist in a Gas-Lifted Royal Dutch Shell – NAM
Oil Well
Author(s): Contact Information:
Ahmed Farag Ahmed.Farag@shell.com
Tony Robertson
Ankur Mittal
Kees Veeken
Tjerk Joustra
Jacobo Montero
Abstract:
Continuous Foam Injection via capillary string is a proven deliquification technology in gas wells with significant water
production, but it typically fails in the presence of condensates and oil, and is therefore deemed unfeasible in oil
producers.   However, for oil wells operating at high water cut, where availability of gas is limited, downhole injection
of foam may prove feasible to increase the lifting capacity. 

A continuous foam trial was executed in a gas lifted oil well in late 2015. The well was selected due to a combination
of poor gas lift design; high water cut, and limited available gas lift pressure and rate.   The objective of the trial was
twofold: first, to increase the production of the well by injecting foam downhole at the commonly available gas lift rate
and pressure. Second, to produce at the common liquid rates at an optimum foam injection rate and lower gas lift. 
The trial was carefully designed and monitored to prevent a process upset whilst maintaining produced oil and water
specifications.  The trial results show a trifold increase in gross and net production rate, as well as a 30% reduction of
gas lift requirement with downhole foam injection. 

The paper describes detailed aspects of the trial, including candidate selection, execution, and technical and
economic results.  The results can be used as reference for replication of the method in analogue fields and wells.
Notes:
2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Page 6

2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop

Technical Presentations
Session: I --- New Technologies, Session Chair:
Challenges, General Topics Norm Hein
Rob Sutton
Presentation Title: I – 6 Company(ies):
TUHWALP Well Liquid Loading Colorado School of Mines
Detection Software – Case Studies The University of Tulsa
Author(s): Contact Information:
Rosmer M. Brito rmbritojurado@mines.edu
Eduardo Pereyra
Cem Sarica
Abstract:
Well trajectory, completion, liquid flow rate, and operating conditions can significantly affect the gas-liquid flow and
distribution, increasing or decreasing the probability of erratic production conditions such as liquid loading. This study
presents a model to predict the liquid loading onset along the well trajectory based on two possible mechanisms:
namely, liquid film reversal (Barnea 1986) and liquid wave growth (Taitel 1976). Additionally, liquid entrainment in the
gas core and the effect of deviation angle on the liquid distribution along the pipe circumference were considered.
Model performance was validated comparing predicted critical gas velocity against available experimental and field
data. Furthermore, model performance was compared against prediction from previous liquid loading onset models
and steady-state simulations in OLGA. Results indicated that proposed model presents a better performance in
comparison to existing models.

Finally, a well liquid loading onset detection software was developed to predict the critical gas velocity along the well
trajectory at different times based on the expected gas and liquid production decline. This allows the determination of
the time and location (when/where) liquid loading onset starts and what gas flow rates are required to avoid liquid
accumulation at different points along the well. Several case studies, based on field data, are presented to
demonstrate software applicability for determining effect of well trajectory, completion, liquid flow rate, operating
conditions, and gas lift injection on liquid loading along the well.
Notes:
2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Page 7

2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop

Technical Presentations
Session: I --- New Technologies, Session Chair:
Challenges, General Topics Norm Hein
Rob Sutton
Presentation Title: I – 7 Company(ies):
Gas-Lift and Capillary Injection Weatherford
Bring New Life to Bakken Producers
with Salt Deposition Problems
Author(s): Contact Information:
Luke Wallace steve.long@weatherford.com
Christopher Hand
Randy Matthews
Abstract:
Artificial lift selection in the Bakken shale has been an ongoing process since the beginning of the discovery. In many
cases, multiple lift types will be employed during the life of the well. This presentation will cover how gas lift with
capillary has been a success in the window between natural flow and Reciprocating Rod Lift. The optimal gas lift
design includes a production packer in the completion. Proper packer placement is important so that maximum
drawdown with gas lift is obtained without risking the packer getting stuck when it comes time to remove the system
to replace with a positive displacement pump.
The Bakken shale has seen many types of hostile environments. Salt and Paraffin issues can limit production and
increase lease operating expenses (LOE). Back side injection was used as a method to try and deliver the proper
chemicals to the source of the problem with very little success. The results were shorter run times, higher LOE, and
loss of production. Implementing the use of capillary injection strings attached to the outside of the production tubing
has helped to improve this situation by providing a means of injecting smaller volumes of chemical and fresh water
precisely at the source of the problem without having to deal with high fluid levels or gas interference.
Equipment selection for the Bakken applications is critical due to higher operating costs in the harsh environment.
With maintenance costs in mind, some Operators have opted to complete with wireline retrievable equipment. Gas lift
applications in the Bakken have seen excellent results and some wells have been produced with gas lift at higher
rates than initial natural flow production. Costs associated with rod wear, remedial workover for salt plugs, or sandy
well conditions have decreased with gas lift and Capillary systems in place.

Notes:
2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Page 8

2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop

Technical Presentations
Session: II --- Reservoir, Session Chair:
Stimulation, Impact of Loading Larry Harms
Bill Hearn
Presentation Title: II – 1 Company(ies):
Enriched Inflow Performance Abu Dhabi Company For Onshore
Relationship (EIPR) Curves for Petroleum Operations Ltd. (ADCO)
Simultaneous Selection of Target
Rate & Pump Setting Depth While
Visualizing Free Gas Conditions
Author(s): Contact Information:
Sergio Caicedo sergiocaicedo@hotmail.com

Abstract:
During the pump sizing, artificial lift (AL) engineers usually deal with the problem of deciding the setting depth of the
pump and the target production rate. There is a trade-off regarding the pump’s depth; the deeper the pump, the lower
the free gas, the higher the potential rate, the higher the submergence but the higher the cost, and the higher the
temperature. The present paper shows a method to suggest setting depth and target rate simultaneously.

Sometimes there are so many constraints that the setting depth is imposed by the reservoir, well completion, integrity
or safety conditions.  In other circumstances, there can be a wide range of possibilities, which will be discussed in this
paper.  One of the most important parameters to evaluate is the free gas into the pump because it will greatly affect
the performance of the pump, besides requiring more volume capacity, the free has other consequences such as
locking the ESP, affects the PCP elastomer, reduces the compression ratio in SRP and increases the required power
fluid pressure and/or rate in JP. The free gas limits and solutions vary for each method, but all of them require
knowing the actual value, independently of the pumping method (i.e. ESP, PCP, SRP or JP). The engineer has to
start by imposing the pump’s depth and after some computations check if that depth is feasible or not for the target
rate.  If it is not feasible two actions can be done: to reduce the target rate and/or to install the pump deeper. On the
other hand, if the pump can handle the free gas then a question arises: could the pump be installed shallower
keeping the same target rate?  This question can only be answered by computing free gas and displaying it in some
way together with the reservoir inflow.

In order to avoid this trial and error process, this paper defines and suggests the Enriched Inflow Performance
Relationship (EIPR) curves at pump intake for different setting depths, each one showing points highlighted using a
colour scale to indicate free gas conditions into the pump.  The free gas displayed mainly depends on the Pump
Intake Pressure, Bubble Point Pressure, GOR, Water Cut, downhole gas separation efficiency. Since the reservoir
performance is included, these EIPR Curves easily allow simultaneous selection of target rate and pump setting
depth while visualizing free gas conditions which avoids the trial and error process showing a more realistic
application window of the method.

All previous papers just display standard inflow curves. There is no previous work showing additional attributes in the
IPR curve that helps the engineer to visualise the corresponding conditions of the pump.
Notes:
2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Page 9

2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop

Technical Presentations
Session: II --- Reservoir, Session Chair:
Stimulation, Impact of Loading Larry Harms
Bill Hearn
Presentation Title: II – 2 Company(ies):
Acoustically Determined Gradients Echometer Company
in Vertical and Horizontal Gas Wells
Author(s): Contact Information:
O. Lynn Rowlan lynn@echometer.com
Abstract:
Acoustic liquid level tests are performed successfully on many different types of wells throughout the world. In gas
wells an acoustic fluid level is often acquired by “shooting” down the tubing. The results from acoustic test on a gas
well can be used to determine the equivalent fluid gradient below the liquid level. Measurement of the mist gradients
when the well is flowing above critical is possible. The liquid gradients below the liquid level on liquid loaded vertical
wells is a function of the gas flow rate and can be determined by using a field developed correlation.

In vertical and horizontal liquid loaded gas wells, where the gas flow rate is below critical rate, fluid level data was
acquired simultaneously down the tubing and casing to determine the tubing fluid gradient. When the end of the
tubing is set above the kickoff point OR above the perforations, then the accumulating gas pressure pushes the liquid
out of the tubing without impacting the gas rate from the formation. If the tubing is set below the kickoff point then
additional liquid accumulates in the deviated section of the well. If the end of the tubing is near the bottom of the
perforations, then the casing pressure tends to increase and hold the liquid in the tubing.

In horizontal wells fluid level shots down the casing annulus may detect echoes deep into the wells past the end of
the tubing. Being able to see past the end of the tubing is unusual in a vertical well, because the liquid level is
normally at the end of the tubing. But, in horizontal wells stratified flow exists and it is not uncommon to see features
in the well bore in the horizontal section past the end of the tubing. The liquid level data show the horizontal section
to be relatively dry (no liquid level); but significant amount of liquid enters the tubing. Differential tubing and casing
pressure do not show much liquid loading in horizontal wells, but liquid accumulated in the deviated portion of the
well. When this liquid is lifted in to the vertical section of the tubing then more liquid loading occurs than expected
when calculated using surface tubing and casing pressure differences.

Acoustic fluid level surveys can be used to determine the flowing and loaded gradients in gas wells as opposed to
traditional methods, which are more intrusive and costly.
Notes:
2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Page 10

2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop

Technical Presentations
Session: II --- Reservoir, Session Chair:
Stimulation, Impact of Loading Larry Harms
Bill Hearn
Presentation Title: II – 3 Company(ies):
Smart Intermitting to Optimize Gas Consultant
Well Production
Author(s): Contact Information:
Larry Harms larryharms@hotmail.com
Abstract:
Liquid loading is the enemy of every gas well and once it is loaded it can be hard to deliquify. Fortunately, we can
operate wells to make sure they do not load by simply shutting the well in before loading occurs and opening the well
as soon as it can produce above liquid loading rates for a significant time period, depending on the mode of operation
of the well, manual or automated.  Using this smart intermitting technique has proven successful on hundreds of wells
in many different types of reservoirs. It not only has the potential to lower average bottom hole pressure and optimize
production (as far as possible with no artificial lift) but makes all other types of deliquification more successful. How
this very low cost method works and results of using the method will be presented.
Notes:
2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Page 11

2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop

Technical Presentations
Session: III --- Plunger Lift, Session Chair:
Progressing Cavity Pumping, Lynn Rowlan
Electrical Submersible Pumping Rick Webb
Presentation Title: III – 1 Company(ies):
Plunger Lift Algorithms – a Review Shale Tech
Author(s): Contact Information:
David Cosby dcosby@shaletec.com
Abstract:
Years ago, plunger lift cycles were controlled by a timer, which allowed a valve to open and close a well on a periodic
basis. The well might be closed for 30 min and open for 60 min. However, since a single well does not build pressure
at the same rate or allow the same volume of liquid into the well bore given the same open time – these methods
were not very efficient. Plunger lift became known as a time consuming artificial lift method, often frustrating
operators. Today, some controllers have over 35 pre-programed algorithms from which an operator can select. This
presentation is an overview of many of those algorithms and how to consider the benefits and limitations of each in
order to optimize production.

Notes:
2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Page 12

2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop

Technical Presentations
Session: III --- Plunger Lift, Session Chair:
Progressing Cavity Pumping, Lynn Rowlan
Electrical Submersible Pumping Rick Webb
Presentation Title: III – 2 Company(ies):
Plunger Velocity: Average vs. Extreme Telematics Corp.
Surface
Author(s): Contact Information:
Mark Scantlebury mark.scantlebury@etcorp.ca
Abstract:
Historically, a key parameter for monitoring and optimizing plunger lift wells has been average plunger velocity. This
is calculated using the well depth and the arrival time of the plunger at surface. Many operators assume that
consistent arrival times within a given window mean the well is operating safe and optimal.

With the introduction of the Sasquatch plunger velocity sensor, we have finally been able to show that the surface
velocity of a plunger can be dramatically different than the average velocity. Not only can the plunger accelerate
rapidly at surface due to the unloading of fluid and gas expansion, but there are many other conditions that can lead
to plungers that are travelling slower or faster than expected at surface.
Notes:
2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Page 13

2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop

Technical Presentations
Session: III --- Plunger Lift, Session Chair:
Progressing Cavity Pumping, Lynn Rowlan
Electrical Submersible Pumping Rick Webb
Presentation Title: III – 3 Company(ies):
Using Plunger Surface Velocity to Extreme Telematics Corp.
Increase Safety and Production
Author(s): Contact Information:
Mark Scantlebury mark.scantlebury@etcorp.ca
Abstract:
Now that we have access to plunger velocity at surface, the industry is set to take a leap forward in terms of plunger
lift operation. Having instantaneous surface velocity is yet another parameter that can help identify problems, reduce
maintenance, increase safety, and increase production.

The surface velocity is the most important parameter when it comes to quantifying the energy that a spring and
lubricator must absorb at the surface. We can use this velocity to track spring wear and safeguard from potential
failures. In addition, we can find ways to enhance production knowing the behavior of the plunger at surface in
combination with existing pressure information.
Notes:
2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Page 14

2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop

Technical Presentations
Session: III --- Plunger Lift, Session Chair:
Progressing Cavity Pumping, Lynn Rowlan
Electrical Submersible Pumping Rick Webb
Presentation Title: III –4 Company(ies):
Maximizing Field Operator’s Time by KUDU, a Schlumberger Company
Controlling PCP Wells Using
Automated Liquid Inflow
Determination
Author(s): Contact Information:
Lance Mehegan Lance_Mehegan@kudupump.com
Abstract:
As the natural gas prices have declined producers have been forced to greatly reduce the number of operators on
staff.  Thus the number of wells each operator is responsible for has drastically increased.  The frequency at which
an operator can visit each well is also affected by diverse terrain and weather conditions.  By utilizing remote
telemetry to monitor their lease producers can identify problem wells and better utilize the time of the operators. More
of that time can be saved by relying on automated systems to pump off the wells while protecting the pumps.        

Using an Algorithm, the PCP Well Manager determines the liquid capability of the well. This process provides a way
to perform automatic and ongoing testing to determine well inflow, identifying changes of well inflow in time, and
applying this to IPR calculations, liquid level calculations and well performance analysis.  
Notes:
2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Page 15

2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop

Technical Presentations
Session: III --- Plunger Lift, Session Chair:
Progressing Cavity Pumping, Lynn Rowlan
Electrical Submersible Pumping Rick Webb
Presentation Title: III – 5 Company(ies):
ESP Run Time Improvement in High Schlumberger
GLR Wells
Author(s): Contact Information:
Dean Aylett DAylett@slb.com

Abstract:
Objective/Scope. To increase ESP run time in wells with high gas-to-liquid ratios, particularly in unconventional wells
that deplete in pressure over time and gas handling becomes problematic.

Methods, Procedures, and Process. The production phase in unconventional wells of the Williston Basin is very
dynamic and changes based on the total volume of fluids produced and gas-to-liquid ratios. An operator in North
Dakota was experiencing excessive downtime and lost production with previous ESP systems. Their wells also
maintained high fluid levels, leaving opportunity to draw them down to gain higher oil production. Based on well
historical data and well conditions, Schlumberger designed a replacement system comprised of a 362 stage D2400N
pump with gas separation and gas handling devices, the latter including a “Poseidon” multiphase axial pump that is
designed to handle excessive free gas up to 75% and severe gas slugging. The ESP also relied on downhole
pressure sensors that measure pump intake pressure and other parameters.

Results, Observation, and Conclusion. Upon installing this ESP configuration, the well was able to draw down from
3300 to 1090 psi. The gas handling technology provided increased operating uptime due to its improved ability to
battle gas slugs and homogenize the multiphase flow. As intake pressure declined, the well GLR rose as high as
4000 SCF/STB with minimal instances of gas locking or ESP shutdowns. It produced for 418 days before being
pulled.

Benefit to the oil well production community. Producing oil in an environment with a high gas volume fraction is an
ongoing struggle in unconventional wells, specifically the Williston Basin. Finding the right equipment combination
that increases oil rates and extends equipment run life positively impacts any producer with this well profile and
positions ESPs as a viable alternative to low flow lifting methods.
Notes:
2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Page 16

2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop

Technical Presentations
Session: III --- Plunger Lift, Session Chair:
Progressing Cavity Pumping, Lynn Rowlan
Electrical Submersible Pumping Rick Webb
Presentation Title: III – 6 Company(ies):
ESP Run Time Improvement in High Schlumberger
H2S Environment
Author(s): Contact Information:
Dean Aylett DAylett@slb.com

Abstract:
Objective/Scope. To increase ESP run time in H 2S environment of 2-6% concentration. Historical run times between
140-180 days with an objective to consistently achieve 12+ month run time.

Methods, Procedures, and Process. ESP system design changes were based off detailed failure analysis and
collaboration with the operating company. Weak points of the system were identified and research conducted to find
an engineering solution for the entire ESP system. Special attention was placed on material upgrades of the motor
lead extension and main electrical cable, as well as corrosion resistant coating to other components. As a portion of
the required equipment was not available, special orders were created to prepare the improved equipment
specifications for the next failures. These items became standard stock items that were specifically used for other
sour areas in the Williston Basin. In addition, the well operator focused on chemical treatment plans to help protect
the downhole ESP as well as the casing and tubing integrity.

Results, Observation, and Conclusion. The design changes were made in three wells over a nine-month period. All
three ESP’s easily exceeded the 12 month minimum run time target. By the end of 2015, the ESP installed in the
highest H2S concentration had improved run time from an average of 170 to 690 days. The other two installations
were at 458 and 575 days without failure. In other unconventional ESP applications in the Williston Basin, run times
have surpassed previous systems with no electrical integrity or efficiency changes.

Benefit to the oil well production community. This project illustrates the benefits and importance of joint collaboration
between operator and ESP vendor. Using this enhanced configuration can improve ESP uptime, reduce material
degradation, and extend time between replacements, ultimately increasing total oil production.
Notes:
2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Page 17

2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop

Technical Presentations
Session: IV --- Automation, Session Chair:
Communication, Optimization Brad Rogers
John Green
Presentation Title: IV – 1 Company(ies):
IoT Security and the Data Transport FreeWave Technologies
Infrastructure of Energy Projects
Author(s): Contact Information:
Glenn Longley hglauser@catapultpr-ir.com
Abstract:
Many would argue that our critical infrastructure energy projects are only as reliable and secure as the technology
serving them. Security will ultimately be the limiting factor on how much IoT is deployed. IoT solutions often utilize
some of the widely deployed security technologies from the Internet to avoid the custom, one off solutions of past
industrial security, if it was used at all. IP technology makes it easier to deploy and talk to sensors, but it also makes it
easier for intruders to see and snoop on your valuable data streams. Security through obscurity is not a solution.

Oil and gas, for example, is a security-conscious industry. The data that is transmitted via IoT technologies can be
extremely useful, if it can meet the security requirements while data is being transferred. With the use of TLS/SSL
and basic AES-128 data encryption, even in an Industrial IoT environment where data moves across an open
network and it is assumed that an unauthorized party could potentially see the traffic on that network, secure
connections can be established. When the data is properly encrypted, an unauthorized party cannot access the data
even if they can see it in the network.

Overall, it’s clear that oil and gas producers must consider important questions in regards to security of their data
transport before selecting a technology or deploying a network. For that reason, this presentation will cover key
considerations around cyber and physical security, and ways for identifying and mitigating security vulnerabilities.
Notes:
2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Page 18

2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop

Technical Presentations
Session: IV --- Automation, Session Chair:
Communication, Optimization Brad Rogers
John Green
Presentation Title: IV – 2 Company(ies):
Hybrid SCADA Communication Xetawave
Network Using SD Radios
Author(s): Contact Information:
Dan Steele dan@xetawave.com
Abstract:
Energy companies with large geographically dispersed (sometimes in multiple states or even countries) networks
usually don’t select just one technology, or one manufacturing source and seldom one vendor to collect, diagnose
and report today’s SCADA data information. Linux based radio platforms have the ability to assess the health of the
communications network, extracting MIB’s from the radio information and using SolarWinds, OpenNMS, OPC
Systems or other types of diagnostic software is now normal. In times past they may have used a single
communication type or manufacturer, today the Hybrid type of approach makes more sense.

Utility IT Departments want to collect and “see” what is going on in the field in real time and much faster speeds are
required for that type of resolution. Today integrating various types of technologies can offer significant benefits that
can be easily and cost-effectively incorporated into one cohesive network. The new technology and capability makes
this even more attractive. You have the ability today to be able to choose several types of RF spectrum, speeds,
RS232 and RS485 serial, I/O and Ethernet devices at various speeds and multiple types of inputs all in one
communications network.

During this presentation, all of the factors necessary for considering a hybrid communications networks using SD
radios will be discussed. There will be a review of several different types of telemetry technologies, including the
benefits and challenges of leveraging them in a hybrid network setting. Furthermore, the presenter will review
several key considerations for reviewing a system prior to any installation. For example, the presenter aims to pose
important questions about networking goals, limitations, system maintenance, and parameters for accessing the data,
optimizing the technology for the appropriate applications, and addressing the challenges of current technologies
deployed today
Notes:
2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Page 19

2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop

Technical Presentations
Session: IV --- Automation, Session Chair:
Communication, Optimization Brad Rogers
John Green
Presentation Title: IV – 3 Company(ies):
Regulatory Roundup and Oleum Tech
Automation
Author(s): Contact Information:
Scott Jackson ekorotich@oleumtech.com
Colin Lippincott
Abstract:
The upstream oil and gas business has, for years, faced a variety of regulatory challenges. This paper provides a
roundup of recent regulations impacting operations in the US from Eagle Ford Shale to The Bakken and coast-to-
coast.

Some states have and continue to completely ban fracking as part of the accepted exploration and extraction
technologies. Environmental regulations ranging from ground water to surface contamination to air quality are
providing compliance challenges in many states. The paper reviews some of those and wireless technologies that
can help achieve compliance more affordably than some others.

Wireless has long been embraced as a tool to move data from remote locations to intelligent systems at HQ. Now,
wireless tools are employed to assure regulatory compliance on things such as spill prevention emergency shut down
to simply logging activities such as thief hatch closure (or, not). These examples and others help producers avoid the
fines that, by the way, continue to grow in impact.

The paper is intended to be informative as well as provide actionable options for the industry reader.
Notes:
2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Page 20

2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop

Technical Presentations
Session: IV --- Automation, Session Chair:
Communication, Optimization Brad Rogers
John Green
Presentation Title: IV – 4 Company(ies):
Horizontal Well Downhole Weatherford
Dynamometer Data Acquisition Black Oil
(HWDDDA) Update
Author(s): Contact Information:
Victoria Pons walterp@blackgoldpump.com
Walter Phillips
Abstract:
HWDDDA is a project to help reduce production related CAPEX and OPEX through improved rod lift system design
and reliability in deviated and horizontal wells. The project will gather true measured data of rod forces and stresses
to help improve design software for rod systems.

Downhole measurement tools developed for the project will then be available for analysis and refinement of rod
systems in individual producing wells. Participants in the project will have first access to data, results, and developed
tools.

In this presentation, an update on the progress of the HWDDDA project will be detailed.
Notes:
2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Page 21

2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop

Technical Presentations
Session: IV --- Automation, Session Chair:
Communication, Optimization Brad Rogers
John Green
Presentation Title: IV – 5 Company(ies):
Development and Appliance of Ukraine University
Integrated Geological and
Geochemical Methods for
Forecasting of Inundation of Gas-
Condensate Deposits
Author(s): Contact Information:
Mykola Levdoshchuk ukr_geology@ukr.net
Professor, Dr. Sc. in Geology
Abstract:
The Research is dedicated to improve several methods of diagnosis of inundation of hydrocarbon deposits.

We have analyzed regularities of special distribution of hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon components of formation
gases from gas-and-condensate fields of Dnieper-Donets basin and studied analytic connections between nitrogen
and ethane content of natural gases from gas and condensate wells for all period of their exploration and operation,
and the process of inundation.
There have been conducted experimental investigation of nitrogen and ethane solubility in formation pressure
depletion.

Taking laboratory and analytical investigations for basis, we have developed pilot graph-analytical method,
forecasting inundation of gas-and-condensate fields in the process of development, using nitrogen, ethane content
and bottomhole pressure as indicators.

The appliance of this method has successfully allowed to predict of inundation of some gas wells.

Key words: gas-condensate field, inundation, nitrogen, ethane, bottomhole pressure, diagnosis, graph-analytical
method.
Notes:
2016 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Page 22