Edexcel Chemistry I AS Bonding_Worksheet_1

Bonding_Worksheet_1
1 This question concerns the shapes of molecules and ions:
A linear
B trigonal planar
C pyramidal
D tetrahedral
Select from A to D the shape of
(a) boron trichloride, BCl3

(b) the ammonium ion, NH4+

(c) carbon dioxide, CO2

2 Tetrachloromethane, CCl4, is a

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Edexcel Chemistry I AS Bonding_Worksheet_1

3 Metals are good conductors of electricity because

4 Which of the following statements is evidence for the existence of ions in

ionic compounds?

5 Which of the following molecules is not polar?

6 The O–H bond in water is polar because, compared with the hydrogen
atom, the oxygen atom has

7 Covalent bonding results from the strong electrostatic attractions between

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Edexcel Chemistry I AS Bonding_Worksheet_1

8 What is the FBF bond angle in boron trifluoride, BF3?

9 What is the total number of electrons in the covalent bonds in a beryllium

chloride molecule, BeCl2?

10 Which of the following molecules is linear?

11 Which of the following molecules is non-polar?

12 In which of the following cases would a cation be most polarizing?

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Edexcel Chemistry I AS Bonding_Worksheet_1

13 The diagram below shows a dot and cross diagram of nitric acid.

(a) Identify which of the labelled sets of electrons represents a dative covalent
bond.

(b) In terms of orbital overlap, the double bond is

14 The shape of a molecule of boron trifluoride, BF3, is

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Edexcel Chemistry I AS Bonding_Worksheet_1

15 Which of the diagrams below best represents the shapes of the electron
contours in sodium fluoride?

16 A drop of sodium manganate(VII) solution is placed at the centre of a piece

of moist filter paper on a microscope slide. The ends of the paper are clipped
to a 30 V DC power supply. After a few minutes,

17 In which of the following compounds is the anion most polarized?

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Edexcel Chemistry I AS Bonding_Worksheet_1

18 Which of the following molecules has the smallest bond angle?

19 A charged rod is held beside a stream of liquid coming from a burette.

Which of the following liquids would NOT be significantly deflected?

20 In which series of compounds does the covalent character increase, going

from left to right?

21 Which of the following molecules has a linear shape and bond angles of
180°?

22 Which of the following compounds has the most polarized anion?

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Edexcel Chemistry I AS Bonding_Worksheet_1

23 The bond angle in beryllium chloride, BeCl2, is most likely to be

24 Which of the following molecules is polar?

25 In which series of compounds does covalent character increase when

going from left to right?

26 Which of these has a dative covalent bond?

27 The melting temperature of sodium is lower than the melting temperature

of magnesium. The best explanation for this is

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Edexcel Chemistry I AS Bonding_Worksheet_1

28 Which molecule has a linear shape?

29 Nitrogen can form the following species with hydrogen:

Which of these species has a dative covalent bond?

30 Which of these elements in Period 3 has the highest melting temperature?

31 What are the shapes of the BF3 and PH3 molecules?

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Edexcel Chemistry I AS Bonding_Worksheet_1

32 What are the C – C – C bond angles in diamond and graphite?

33 Which describes the polarity of the C – Cl bond and the polarity of the
molecule trichloromethane, CHCl3?

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Edexcel Chemistry I AS Bonding_Worksheet_1

1 This question is about ethanethiol, CH3CH2SH. Thiols are like alcohols, but
the oxygen atom has been replaced by a sulfur atom. They react in a similar
way to alcohols.
(a) (i) Draw a dot and cross diagram for ethanethiol, showing outer electrons
only.
(2)

(ii) Give the value for the CSH bond angle in ethanethiol. Justify your answer.
(3)
CSH angle ..............................
Justification
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(b) There are hydrogen bonds between ethanol molecules but not between
ethanethiol molecules.
(i) Explain why the bond angle around the hydrogen atom involved in a
hydrogen bond is 180°.
(2)
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(ii) Explain why there are no hydrogen bonds between ethanethiol molecules.
(1)
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Edexcel Chemistry I AS Bonding_Worksheet_1

2 (a) Explain how the atoms are held together by the covalent bond in a
molecule of hydrogen.
(1)
............................................................................................................................
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(b) Draw the dot and cross diagrams for
(i) methane, CH4
(1)

(ii) ethene, CH2=CH2

(1)

(iii) nitrogen, N2
(1)

(iv) the ammonium ion, NH4+

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Edexcel Chemistry I AS Bonding_Worksheet_1

3 This question is about the fluorides BF3, NF3, OF2 and O2F2.
(a) (i) For BF3, name the shape of the molecule and give the FBF bond angle.
(2)
Shape .................................................................................................................
Bond angle .........................................................................................................
*(ii) For the NF3 molecule, draw the shape you would expect and suggest the
FNF bond angle. Explain why the molecule has this shape and bond angle.
(4)
Shape

Bond angle .........................................................................................................

Explanation
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(iii) Draw a diagram to show the bonding in the single product of the reaction
between BF3 and NF3.
Identify the type of bond that forms between these two molecules.
(2)
............................................................................................................................
(c) Complete the diagram with dots and crosses to show the outer shell
electrons in the O2F2 molecule.
(1)

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Edexcel Chemistry I AS Bonding_Worksheet_1

4 Boron and aluminium are in the same group of the Periodic Table. Both
form compounds with chlorine and with fluorine.
(a) Boron reacts directly with chlorine to produce a covalently bonded
compound, BCl3.
(i) Write the equation for this reaction. State symbols are not required.
(1)

(ii) Draw a dot-and-cross diagram for BCl3 showing only the outer shell
electrons of the atoms.
(1)

(iii) Use your diagram to explain why BCl3 has a trigonal planar shape with
bond angles of 120°.
(2)
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1 This question is about covalent bonds.

(a) State what is meant by the term covalent bond.
(2)
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Edexcel Chemistry I AS Bonding_Worksheet_1

(b) Draw a diagram of the ammonia molecule, clearly showing its shape.
Include any lone pairs of electrons and the value of the bond angle.
(2)
(c) The dot-and-cross diagram of BF3 is

What is the bond angle in BF3?

(1)

(d) (i) Ammonia and boron trifluoride react to form a compound NH3BF3
which contains a dative covalent bond. Each of the molecules, NH3 and BF3,
has a different feature of its electronic structure that allows this to happen.
Use these two different features to explain how a dative covalent bond is
formed.
(2)
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(ii) During this reaction, the bond angles about the nitrogen atom and the
boron atom change.
State the new H – N – H and F – B – F bond angles.
(2)
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