DATE – 25.04.

2020

POWER

BUSINESS STANDARD

Tepid power consumption in Chhattisgarh despite soaring

temperature
The demand for power in Chhattisgarh is not rising in sync with the temperature in the state, which has
reached about 40 degress in the capital, Raipur. Instead there has been a decline in electricity offtake in
the state.

Air-conditioners and coolers in major cities in the state were indeed switched on to beat the heat during
the first week of April.

However, the state-owned Chhattisgarh State Power Distribution Company (CSPDC) is in a fix, because
power consumption is down to almost 1,000 Mw in what the company considers as peak season.

“Normally the demand increases to 4,500-Mw in April, but this year it is only 3,500 Mw,” CSPDC
officials said. A plausible explanation offered was that consumption has been lower this season due to
the Covid-19 lockdown, which has forced shut industrial units and commercial establishments, which
are large consumers.

The industrial sector only consumed about 40 per cent of the total demand. Following the decrease in
offtake, the Chhattisgarh State Power Feneration Company had curtailed production at its units.

While the generating company has been able to cut production costs the distribution company would
have to take a loss of about Rs 500 crore, the officials said. It has already beem reeling under a crisis as
the state government had subsidised power for consumer by halving electricity tariff.

The lockdown didn't make matters any better. This is because steel makers and small industrial units in
the sate had come out with a fresh demand to revive their sectors. They had urged the state government
to reduce power tariff for the industrial sector, which is a major customer of the power distribution
company in the state.

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 FINANCIAL EXPRESS

The real cost of uninterrupted power supply to your homes amid

lockdown: Power cos losing this much
The Covid-19 led lockdown has made a hole of up to Rs 50,000 crore in the power companies’ pockets.

As you are getting an uninterrupted electricity supply amid lockdown, the power companies are paying a
very heavy price for it. The Covid-19 led lockdown has made a hole of up to Rs 50,000 crore in the
power companies’ pockets. This liquidity shortfall would likely worsen the challenging payment
position in the sector, where distribution companies already owe Rs 90,000 crore pre-COVID to
generators, CII said citing PRAAPTI. India’s daily power demand has declined by 25-28 per cent since
the beginning of the nationwide lockdown, mainly due to the factory and office closures in the
commercial and industrial (C&I) sectors.

In energy terms, the drop in daily demand is 100 crore units and the extended lockdown would further
increase the demand and liquidity compression which has been seen in the preceding three weeks, CII
added. The expected cash crunch after the lockdown is lifting is also included in the loss estimation of
the power companies. Further, it is also expected that the liquidity gap may also transmit to other
players in the value chain, such as conventional and renewable generators, transmission licensees, and
other service providers in the power sector, affecting their ability to buy fuel, meet debt service
obligations and ensure seamless operations.

Meanwhile, given the vulnerable state of the power sector, the government has announced a slew of
measures for the sector. The government has provided an extension for under construction renewable
energy projects due to supply chain disruptions and made consumer billing based on average basis till
lockdown. Also, the payment security mechanism by DISCOMs has been reduced by half. Three-month
exemption from advance coal freight payment has also been given, however, these measures look too
minimal to offset the loss faced by the power companies as commercial power demand has slipped up to
80 per cent during the lockdown.

THE HINDU

Power bill collections less than 25% across State

The payment of power bills by domestic consumers for March, which expired on Wednesday, was
abysmally low, thanks to the impact of coronavirus and lockdown. Senior power officials said the
collections State-wide were less than 25%.

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 The two power distribution companies in the State had appealed to the electricity regulator to be allowed
to stop their metre readers from visiting houses and take the readings on apprehensions that it may
create disharmony between owners and the visiting staff over fears of transmission of the virus.
Therefore, they proposed that the bills of March last year (2019) be held good for now and the payment
mode be made online by various platforms. For new connections post-March last year, the bill of
February this year will apply. The excess or shortfall in payments will be adjusted in subsequent months
bills.

In the absence of physical reading of meters and door delivery of bills, the regulator while conceding the
request of Discoms directed them to text the bill amount to the registered phone numbers of consumers.
But, many of them did not get the messages though the bill amount was uploaded against their unique
numbers on the websites of respective Discoms.

Senior officials said the collections were about 25% of normal in Southern Power Distribution Company
limits comprising erstwhile districts of Hyderabad, Rangareddy, Medak, Mahbubnagar, Nalgonda and
part of Nizamabad and 22.5% in Northern Power Distribution Company limits covering the rest of the
State.

Power demand

The power demand from domestic sector in SPDCL was ₹ 623 crore every month, including receivables
from government establishments. The same was ₹ 203.30 crore in NPDCL. There were 1.11 crore
domestic services in the State, constituting 74.59% of total services which also include commercial,
industrial, agricultural and other low tension users.

The officials ruled out disconnecting services for non-payment as it involved field staff visiting houses
which was already given a go by. But, postponement of payment could be considered for some more
time in view of the present circumstances with a late fee.

They said the demand for February was almost met since the lockdown commenced just after the expiry
of deadline in March.

Lower bill

The bill for March payable in April was lot more beneficial to consumers as people were confined to
homes which resulted in consumption of power for air-conditioners, fans, TVs and other electronic
gadgets going up considerably. This was not the case in March last year when the bills were far less due
to normal conditions and equivalent amount was payable now.

Only tenants who rented houses after March last year might grumble as they are liable to pay for power
consumed by previous occupiers. Otherwise, they too consumed high power due to confinement at
home.

FINANCIAL EXPRESS

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 Delhi’s peak power demand reduces by up to 49 per cent during
lockdown
According to official data, the peak power demand during the day has reduced by 40-50 per cent, while
the peak electricity demand during the night has reduced by around 20-30 per cent.

Delhi’s peak power demand has reduced by up to 49 per cent with commercial and industrial activities
virtually at a standstill due to the lockdown imposed to contain the spread of coronavirus, discom and
power department officials said.

According to official data, the peak power demand during the day has reduced by 40-50 per cent, while
the peak electricity demand during the night has reduced by around 20-30 per cent. The higher reduction
in the day’s power demand is due to the closure of commercial and industrial establishments in the
lockdown which has led to around 70-90 percent reduction of electricity demand in this segment, the
officials said. Since the Janta Curfew on March 22 which was followed by the nationwide lockdown, the
city’s peak power demand has reduced by up to 49 per cent in comparison with the peak electricity
demand last year, the officials said.

“The reduction in the peak demand is basically due to reduction in industrial and commercial activities
during the lockdown,” a spokesperson of Tata Power Delhi Distribution Limited (TPDDL) said.
However, the domestic load has experienced no impact during the lockdown.

“People are confined to their homes and using electric appliances. So, there is no impact on Delhi’s
domestic load, which is around 75 per cent of total power load. In fact, there is a slight increase in this
category,” a discom official said.

The power demand situation is expected to remain the same till the lockdown is in force. The demand is
expected to rise with an increase in the temperature in summers, he said. “Being in essential services,
BSES is always geared-up to ensure quality and reliable power supply to its consumers. We are closely
watching the evolving coronavirus situation in the national capital and taking all appropriate measures to
ensure reliable power supply,” a spokesperson of power discom BSES.

According to the officials, Delhi’s peak power demand in March considerably declined, even before the
lockdown was announced. On March 15, the national capital’s peak power demand was 3421 megawatt
(MW) that sharply reduced by around 33 per cent on March 22 to 2294 MW.

The city’s electricity demand was 4016 MW in March last year, while this year, it was 3775 MW, the
officials said.

Since the lockdown, Delhi’s highest peak power demand has been 2486 MW on March 25, 2020, they
said. Delhi’s peak electricity demand in April last year was 5664 MW, while the peak demand till April
22 this year was 3169 MW — reduced by 44 per cent.

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 With the lockdown expected to be eased out in a phased manner from May 3, the demand is expected to
pick up (as per projections) in June and July, the officials said.

For May, the demand is expected to be reduced by about 15 percent from the projected values if the
lockdown is lifted. But if the lockdown gets extended, the average reduction in demand is expected to be
around 43-45 per cent in comparison to last year’s peak electricity demand during the month, the
officials said.

In view of heat wave predictions, however, the average reduction in peak demand will fall to about 35
per cent in June and July, they added.

HOME

BUSINESS STANDARD

Coal India Ltd extends deadline for EoI submission for

rationalisation of coal linkages
Amid nationwide coronavirus lockdown, state-owned Coal India has extended the deadline for
submission of expression of interest (EoI) from power generation companies (gencos) for rationalising
coal linkages.

The linkage rationalisation refers to transfer of coal supply source of a power plant from a far-end mine
to the nearer one.

“Due to the extension of the period of COVID-19 linked lockdown, and on receipt of the request of the
power plants experiencing difficulties in collection of the data/details related to the rationalisation of
linkages, the last date of submission of the EoI…is extended from April 23 to May 10,” Coal India Ltd
(CIL) said in a letter to power gencos.

Earlier, CIL had invited expression of interest from the desired state/central gencos proposing for
rationalising their existing linkages.

“Based on the information provided by the coal companies regarding the availability of coal and
information from power gencos through EoI, feasibility of rationalisation of linkages shall be examined
and a proposed matrix in this regard would be placed in the public domain for seven days to seek
comments from the stakeholders which will be then finalised after due approval,” the PSU had said.

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 Earlier, the coal ministry had written to CIL stating that as per the methodology, linkage rationalisation
for two independent power producers (IPPs) have been done by the PSU for a quantity of two million
tonnes.

It had asked the PSU to commence the next round of linkage rationalisation and apprise the Centre
about the final result of the linkage rationalisation by June 30.

Under coal linkage rationalisation, the fuel linkage of a thermal power plant of an independent power
producer is transferred from one coal company to another based on the fuel availability and future coal
production plan of the coal company.

The underlying objective behind the exercise is to reduce the landed cost of coal due to reduction in
transportation cost and cost of coal.

The reduced landed price of coal leads to savings, which has to be reflected in the cost of power
generated. These savings has to be passed on to the buyers of power through a transparent and objective
mechanism.

This exercise is voluntary on the part of thermal power plants.

The exercise aims to reduce the distance by which the coal is transported, thus, easing up the railway
infrastructure for gainful utilisation of other sectors.

The linkage rationalisation is considered only for IPPs having linkages through allotment route.

The IPPs which have obtained linkages through auction process are not eligible for rationalisation under
this scheme.

Swapping of linkages with coal sourced through auction or imports is also not permissible under this
exercise.

Coal India which accounts for over 80 per cent of the domestic coal producer is a major supplier of dry
fuel to the power sector.

THE ECONOMIC TIMES

Lockdown brings steel and allied industries in West Bangal to a

grinding halt
The West Bengal government's indecision over allowing resumption of ‘Continuous Process Steel
Industry,’ like Captive Power Plants, Sponge Iron, Ferro Alloy units, Pellet Manufacturing Plants and
associated Rolling Mills in the state in view of the Covid-19 pandemic has brought the local steel and

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 allied industries to a grinding halt. The industry employs over three lakh workers in the state who are
presently without wages. Hence, industry watchers fear the prospect of disengagement of a large
workforce.

According to Vivek Adukia, Chairman of the Steel Rolling Mill Association, many companies
apprehending a mass exodus of their workmen, have made arrangement for their stay within the campus
and nearby facilities maintaining strict control over their health and well being despite lack of any
revenue source from operations.

“If the state government does not wake up to the grim reality, companies may be compelled to withdraw
these facilities as resources are fast drying up,” Mr Adukia added. The industry fears that this could
snowball into a larger problem.

Trade unions also feel the situation could fast spin out of control as workers face livelihood issues.

Already the labour is showing signs of impatience over their grave condition in the absence of wages,
their sole means of survival. The West Burdhaman district secretary of CITU, Mr Manoj Dutta has
exhorted the state government to make it convenient for the industrial units to resume operation. He said
that both the Central and State governments must take a pragmatic approach to the issue and work in
unison so as to enable the industry to re-start.
Citing the plight of the workers, Mr Dutta said this could lead to social unrest and precipitate unwanted
problems in the state.

He also urged the state government to allow at least 50 per cent of the workers to resume duty, which
will help units to commence operations and assured the government that the workers will be directed to
take all necessary steps to help managements to keep the environment safe.

TELANGANA TODAY

Steel industry seeks Telangana govt’s support

Post lockdown, steel industry is reeling under huge financial burden, and needs support from
government both in terms of mitigating the severe effect and allowing industries to restart again, All
India Induction Furnace Association (AIIFA), South Central Region, said in a statement.

In a representation made to the CMD of TSSPDCL and Telangana State Electricity Regulatory
Commission, the association highlighted that the industry is burdened with interest payments, fixed
electricity charges and payment of salary and wages to all employees (regular/contractual/casual). The
industry is also capital, labour and power intensive.

On April 21, a GO was issued by Industries and Commerce Department, announcing electricity fixed
charges for the same period shall be deferred till May 31 without any penalty and interest, and energy
charges will be billed on actuals. The industry body sought the DISCOMS to raise the bill for
March/April as per actual meter reading and demand charges proportionate to the factory working days.

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 The AIIFA stated that though the complete waiver on fixed electricity charges to steel industry will cost
the State exchequer Rs 20 crore, it will go a long way in helping the industry. Also, the industry body
requested the government to allow interest-free installments to pay the electricity bills that are due in the
lockdown period, reduce power tariff by 15 per cent and waiver of electricity duty of 6ps per unit.

Highlighting the challenges ahead, AIIFA said, post lockdown too, things do not look bright for the steel
industry as major demand comes from infrastructure, where spending is expected to take a hit.

Steel industry of Telangana provides employment to 50,000 families and contributes Rs 2,000 crores
towards electricity bill and Rs 2,000 crore as GST every year. The AIIFA said there are 100 companies
operating in the State, of which over 60-70 per cent are small and medium businesses.

THE HINDU

Lockdown deals a big blow to cement dealers

The current lockdown has hit cement dealers hard with a large number of cement bags facing damage in
godowns across the State.

Cement companies offer a shelf life of three months for their product, but civil engineering experts and
contractors say cement will lose up to 20% of strength after one month. Cement dealers have called for
an immediate government intervention to save the industry from an impending collapse.

Around 12 lakh packets are at construction sites and with retailers. These include those whose three-
month expiry date is over. Its quality will be compromised by 30% if it is used after six months, says
Varghese Kannampilly, president, Kerala Government Contractors’ Association.

“Though construction codes specify a three-month deadline, cement can deteriorate in two months or a
lesser period if stored improperly,” says a Public Works Department official.

Although the government offered lockdown relaxations for dealers of building materials, including
cement, the district administrations in Malappuram and Kozhikode have hardened their stand as the
districts continue to be in the COVID-19 Red zone. But in Kannur and Kasaragod, where COVID-19 hit
harder, the administrations have permitted the cement dealers to clear stocks.

Price rise

“We are trying to convince the Malappuram and Kozhikode Collectors of the situation, seeking their
help to tide over the crisis,” says Sirajudheen Ellathodi, general secretary, Kerala State Cement Dealers
Welfare Association.

Even when the lockdown has crippled the struggling industry, the companies have increased the price of
cement up to ₹50 a bag.

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 “The price hike came into effect on Wednesday. It is against an agreement made last year between the
companies and the government that no further price increase would be made without the permission of
the government,” says Mr. Sirajudheen.

Those who bought cement for ₹375 a bag before the lockdown will have to pay ₹425 when they resume
their work after the lockdown. “This steep price hike is definitely going to serve a huge blow to the
people,” says Mr. Sirajudheen. Manufacturers had assured the government in 2019 that the price would
be raised only after due consultations. With the assurance being breached, the Walayar-based Malabar
Cements must increase its production and steps must be taken to import cement, Mr Kannampilly says.

Cases

Several dealers have dared to clear their stocks. Nearly three dozen cases have been registered across the
State against dealers for violating the restrictions. Nine dealers have been booked in Malappuram
district and one of them has been fined ₹25,000.

Apart from the financial loss, damaged cement can cause environmental threats also,” says Mr.
Sirajudheen.

GLOBAL

Weaker coal prices attract South Korean utilities

South Korean thermal coal prices fell sharply on the week as Asia-Pacific sellers continue to compete
strongly for spot business amid diminishing demand elsewhere in the region.

Argus assessed the NAR 5,800 kcal/kg cfr South Korea market $4.31/t lower on the week at $55.88/t
($58.58/t on a NAR 6,080 kcal/kg basis). The NAR 5,800 kcal/kg fob Newcastle market, which is
driven by trade with South Korean buyers, fell by $4.57/t on the week to $47.58/t ($49.88/t on a NAR
6,080 kcal/kg basis).

The South Korean market has emerged as a key source of flexible spot demand as the Covid-19
pandemic continues to weigh on coal demand globally, with some buyers moving to procure fresh
supply at increasingly competitive prices.

State-owned utility Korea Western Power (Kowepo) reportedly purchased cargoes of NAR 5,800
kcal/kg Australian coal this week for late-May loading at $51.80/t and $48/t fob Newcastle on a NAR
6,080 kcal/kg price basis. The same utility also purchased a Panamax of high-calorific value South
African coal for June delivery at $51.80/t cfr South Korea according to sources, with fellow utility
Korea South East Power (Koen) understood to also have secured South African supply at the start of the
week.

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 And further deals may be reached next week in a slew of recently opened tenders (see table), including
one solicitation for long-term minimum NAR 5,600 kcal/kg coal supply for Kowepo's Taean power
plant on a cfr basis.

South Korea may be able to absorb some of the mounting oversupply of spot coal in Asia-Pacific, as
power demand shows signs of recovery and fewer coal plant restrictions are expected, which could
support a modest rise in coal burn this spring.

After falling sharply in March and early April, South Korean power demand has recovered to the 2016-
18 seasonal average recently, based on a seven-day moving average of national daily peak power
demand (see chart), although demand is still short of 2019.

Seasonal power demand typically falls until early May before rebounding as the cooling season begins,
and coal sellers will be hopeful that this can boost consumption of the solid fuel and offer some relief to
weak supply-side fundamentals.

State-owned Kepco utilities look increasingly likely to face fewer plant restrictions in May-June this
year, which may boost coal consumption on the year. Around 21.5GW of Kepco's 33.7GW coal fleet
was available in April according to data from the Korea Power Exchange, up from 20.5GW last year.
Availability for May is currently pegged at 25GW — from 20.3GW last year — although the
maintenance schedule is revised on a weekly basis and further additions are likely.

Kepco utilities burned 11.7mn t in May-June last year, down from 12.8mnt in the same months of 2018
and 12.6mn t in 2017.

Call for Rapid Restart of South Africa’s Renewables

Procurement
Locked-down South Africa will need to restart its renewables procurement program “very soon” to hit
targets in its latest integrated resource plan and put a year of severe power outages behind it.

The plan calls for a gigawatt of PV and 1.6 gigawatts of wind to come online in 2022, said Chris
Ahlfeldt, energy specialist at Blue Horizon in Cape Town.

This would require a reboot of South Africa’s Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer
Procurement Programme (REIPPPP), which saw more than 6.4 gigawatts of capacity being awarded to
90+ projects across four bid windows between 2011 and 2018.

Last year the country was pushed toward recession, with rolling outages a primary driver. In December
heavy rains flooded power stations, taking 6 gigawatts of capacity offline. The resultant load-shedding
lasted more than a week, the worst period of power outages in a decade.

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 South Africa’s administration was gearing up to resuscitate the independent power producer (IPP)
program just as coronavirus struck. The government had solicited public comments on two ministerial
determinations to procure about 14 gigawatts of new generation by 2027.

The capacity was to include renewables, gas, energy storage and coal, said Ahlfeldt.

“The details for the potential procurement and proposal deadlines have yet to be made publicly
available, but it seems like Round 5 [of the REIPPPP] may be grouped together with this larger
procurement process,” he said.

At least 2 gigawatts of capacity will likely come from distributed generation, biogas and, potentially, co-
generation as part of an expedited procurement round to meet a near-term supply gap that had led to
widespread load-shedding by the state electricity company Eskom before COVID-19 hit.

Eskom's supply shortages and resultant load-shedding had created pressure on government to move
quickly with the procurement of new power projects, Ahlfeldt said.

“Renewables remains the lowest-cost option for new generation in South Africa and can be built in a
short period of time, so it would make sense to prioritize these projects,” he commented.

Alongside the government procurement plan, South Africa’s Minister of Mineral Resources and Energy,
Gwede Mantashe, also recently granted the mining sector a license waiver to build its own
multimegawatt generation projects, said Ahlfeldt.

The pipeline for new mining generation projects is estimated to range from 600 megawatts up to 1.5
gigawatts of capacity, he said. “Hopefully, similar waivers will be granted for other sectors at some
stage to avoid favoritism for the mining sector,” he added.

Indonesia sets price floor for nickel ore to protect small miners
The government has put a floor under the price of nickel ore to protect small miners amid Indonesia’s
aggressive efforts to develop downstream mining industries.

Energy and Mineral Resources Ministry Regulation No. 11/2020 mandates using Indonesia’s monthly
mineral ore benchmark price (HPM) – previously used to calculate mining royalties – as a price floor for
transactions. The regulation was issued on April 14 and is to take effect on May 13.

Ministry spokesman Agung Pribadi told The Jakarta Post on Friday (24/4) that the regulation was meant
to “ensure nickel sales complied with market prices, so that miners, particularly nickel miners, were
guaranteed fair prices.”

The HPM is calculated based on the government’s mineral benchmark price (HMA), which is, in turn,
based on average refined mineral prices from Beijing, Jakarta and the global benchmark London Metal
Exchange (LME).

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 The Indonesian Nickel Miners Association (APNI), which had lobbied for such a floor, lauded the
regulation, but a representative of the Processing and Smelting Companies Association (AP3I) slammed
the regulation, as it would limit members ‘ability to adjust to global market fluctuations.

The regulation follows Indonesia’s recent ban on exporting nickel ore to spur domestic smelter
development. The ban was strongly protested by the APNI, whose members comprise small miners,
amid concern over such miners’ ability to finance smelters.

The price floor applies to all metal ore and coal sales, but the APNI has been more vocal than other
metal miners, as the nickel ore ban starts this year. The ban on other metal ore exports starts in 2022 and
for coal in 2046, under existing regulations.

“The APNI’s struggle for the past three years has not gone to waste,” said APNI secretary-general
Meidy Katrin on Thursday.

All miners have been asked to build smelting facilities before the ban. Small miners that cannot afford
their own smelters have to sell their ore to nearby smelters.

Meidy previously told the Post that 19 of APNI’s 281 members had suspended smelter development due
to the export ban. The 19 members had laid out financing plans assuming the ban begins in 2022. The
government then abruptly brought the ban forward to 2020.

Meidy had said in January that nickel producers had sold nickel ore domestically at $18 to $20 per ton
since 2016. Prices are only slightly higher than their average production cost of $19.62 per ton and
lower than the HPM of $30 per ton for that month.

Further down the supply chain, AP3I vice chairman Jonathan Handojo told the Post that processing and
smelting companies disagreed with the government controlling nickel ore selling prices.

“Mineral commodity prices are set by the London LME and those move up and down every day,” he
said on Thursday via text message.

The regulation’s Article 3 allows smelting companies to buy at prices up to 3 percent below the HPM
under certain conditions. The regulation also grants the energy ministry the authority to revise the HPM
formula once every six months or “whenever needed.”

Commenting on whether or not the government had discussed the price floor with the AP3I prior to
issuing the regulation, Jonathan said the government “see themselves as experts, so hearing the APNI
was enough.”

Indonesia, which was the world’s top nickel ore exporter before 2020, aims to turn its nickel reserves
into higher-value products, such as car batteries and steel.

COVID-19 Speeding Up Collapse of Coal in US

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 Wood Mackenzie coal analyst Matthew Preston said "Just about everything that can go wrong, has gone
wrong for the coal industry. Coal demand this year is down between 35 and 40% from last year and last
year wasn't a great year. Now there's a drop in demand because of the economic shutdown as well as
warmer weather, but coal is being pummelled more than other sources of energy. Right now, coal is
more expensive than natural gas, wind or solar in many parts of the country. So when demand slows,
coal plants are the first to shut down.”

According to a new research note from the Rhodium Group “Over three days earlier this month, wind
and solar actually produced more electricity than coal in the US, the first time that has happened. Coal
accounted for just 16.4% of the US electric power from mid-March to mid-April, compared with 22.5%
for a similar period last year. All of this means that, just as with the oil glut, there's too much coal sitting
around.”

******

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