NEW ERA UNIVERSITY

NO. 9 Central Ave, New Era, Quezon City

Integrated School
Level III Accreditation Status
Awarded by ACSCU – AAI and FAAP
SY 2019-2020

RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT
IN
PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

ISAAH WILLEM JAMES F. LUMBANG

11 HUMSS AM 2
PROFESSOR LOIDA C. SUAREZ
 1.) Discuss the different particular aspect of teenage development
I. Physiological development that occur in both males and females from the period of puberty
up to adolescence
Height Growth During Puberty
o Height growth that averages approximately 6 cm/y occurs continuously and consistently
throughout childhood. There is a slight but significant deceleration in height growth
immediately preceding puberty.
Hormonal Changes
o For boys, the hormones travel through the blood and tell the testes (say: TES-teez), the
two egg-shaped glands in the scrotum (the sac that hangs under the penis), to begin
making testosterone (say: tess-TAHS-tuh-rone) and sperm. Testosterone is the hormone
that causes most of the changes in a boy's body during puberty, and men need sperm to be
able to reproduce (be the father of a baby).
o In girls, these hormones target the two ovaries (say: OH-vuh-reez), which contain eggs
that have been in the girl's body since she was born. The hormones cause the ovaries to
start making another hormone, called estrogen. Together, these hormones prepare a girl's
body to start her periods and be able to become pregnant someday.
o Boys and girls both begin to grow hair under their arms and their pubic areas (on and
around the genitals). It starts out looking light and thin. Then, as kids go through puberty,
it becomes longer, thicker, heavier, curlier, and darker. Eventually, boys also start to grow
hair on their faces.
Taking Shape
o Your body also fills out and changes shape during puberty. A boy's shoulders will grow
wider and his body will become more muscular. He may notice a bit of breast growth on
his chest. Don't worry, this is normal — and it goes away for most boys by the end of
puberty.
o In addition, boys' voices crack and eventually become deeper, their penises grow longer
and wider, and their testes get bigger. All of these changes mean that their bodies are
developing as they should during puberty.
 o Girls' bodies usually become curvier. Their hips get wider and their breasts develop,
starting with just a little swelling under the nipples. Sometimes one breast grows more
quickly than the other, but most of the time they even out. Girls may start wearing bras
around this time, especially if they are involved in sports or exercise classes.
Teenage Acne
o Another thing that may come with puberty is acne (say: AK-nee) — or pimples — caused
by all those hormones at work in the body.
o Skin gets oilier and pimples sometimes start showing up when puberty begins, and you
may get them throughout the teenage years. You might see pimples on your face, your
upper back, or your upper chest.
Putting the P.U. in Puberty
o P.U.! A lot of kids notice that they have a new smell under their arms and in other places
when they hit puberty — and it's not a pretty one. That smell is body odor (you may have
heard people call it B.O.) and everyone gets it.
o As you enter puberty, the puberty hormones stimulate the glands in your skin, including
the sweat glands under your arms. When sweat and bacteria on your skin get together, it
can smell pretty bad.

I. Pyscho-social development that happens during teenage years

The most important psychosocial changes in teenage years are the emergence of abstract
thinking, the growing ability of absorbing the perspectives or viewpoints of others, an
increased ability of introspection, the development of personal and sexual identity, the
establishment of a system of values, increasing autonomy from family and more personal
independence, greater importance of peer relationships of sometimes subcultural quality,
and the emergence of skills and coping strategies to overcome problems and crises.
o All these changes can be looked on as developmental tasks during normal development,
but they can also help in understanding developmental deviations and psychopathological
disorders. From the viewpoint of developmental psychopathology, several psychiatric
disorders of puberty and adolescence can be seen in a new light.
II. Brain development and the cognitive changes that happen during teenage years
 Growing new brain cells. Teenage years is one of the few times in which the brain
produces a large number of cells at a very fast rate. In fact, the brain creates many more
cells than will be needed. The extra brain cells give adolescents more places to store
information, which helps them learn new skills.
Pruning some of the extra growth. The disadvantage of having extra brain cells is that
they also decrease the brain’s efficiency. As teenager go to school, live, and work, the brain
trims down the extra growth based on the parts of the brain the adolescent actively uses.
This pruning process creates a brain structure than enables adolescents to easily access the
information they use most.
Strengthening connections. The connections between brain cells are what enable the
information stored in the brain to be used in daily life. The brain strengthens these
connections by wrapping a special fatty tissue around the cells to protect and insulate them.
These changes help adolescents recall information and use it efficiently.
Abstract thinking. Young children mostly understand only things that can be seen or
touched. They may understand a portion of abstract ideas, such as love, justice, or fractions,
but their understanding is of limited scope. As the brain develops in adolescence, a young
person gains a broader understanding of more abstract ideas.  
Advanced reasoning. Children generally have limited reasoning that focuses on the
information at hand. In contrast, adolescents can predict the results of their actions by using
logic to imagine multiple options and different situations. This new ability helps young
people plan for their future and consider how their choices will affect that future. 
Metacognition. Another new skill adolescents develop is “thinking about thinking”—or
metacognition. This practice enables youth to reflect on how they came to an answer or
conclusion. This new skill also helps adolescents think about how they learn best and find
ways to improve how they absorb new information. 
III. Emotional-social development that happens during teenage years
Social changes in adolescence
o Identity
Young people are busy working out who they are and where they fit in the world. You
might notice your child trying out new things like clothing styles, music, art or friendship
 groups. Friends, family, media, culture and more shape your child’s choices in these
years.
o Independence
Your child will probably want more independence about things like how he gets to
places, how he spends his time, who he spends time with, and what he spends money on.
As your child becomes more independent, it’ll probably mean some changes in your
family routines and relationships, as well as your child’s friendships.
o Responsibility
Your child might be keen to take on more responsibility both at home and at school. This
could include things like cooking dinner once a week or being on the school council.
o New experiences
Your child is likely to look for new experiences, including risky experiences. This is
normal as your child explores her own limits and abilities, as well as the boundaries you
set. She also needs to express herself as an individual.
o But because of how teenage brains develop, your child might sometimes struggle with
thinking through consequences and risks before he tries something new.
o Values
This is the time your child starts to develop a stronger individual set of values and
morals. She’ll question more things, and she’s also learning that she’s responsible for her
own actions, decisions and consequences. Your words and actions help shape your
child’s sense of ‘right’ and ‘wrong’.
o Influences
Your child’s friends and peers might influence your child, particularly his behaviour,
appearance, interests, sense of self and self-esteem. You still have a big influence on
long-term things like your child’s career choices, values and morals.
o Sexual identity
Your child might start to have romantic relationships or go on ‘dates’. But these aren’t
always intimate relationships. For some young people, intimate or sexual relationships
don’t occur until later on in life.
 o Media
The internet, mobile phones and social media can influence how your child
communicates with friends and learns about the world.
Emotional changes in adolescence
o Sensitivity to others
As your child gets older, he’ll get better at reading and understanding other people’s
emotions. But while your child is developing these skills, he can sometimes misread
facial expressions or body language.
o Moods and feelings
Your child might show strong feelings and intense emotions, and her moods might seem
unpredictable. These emotional ups and downs can lead to increased conflict. They
happen partly because your child’s brain is still learning how to control and express
emotions in a grown-up way.
o Self-consciousness
Teenage self-esteem is often affected by appearance – or by how teenagers think they
look. As your child develops, she might feel self-conscious about her physical
appearance. She might also compare her body with those of friends and peers.
o Decision-making
Your child might go through a stage where he seems to act without thinking a lot of the
time. Your child’s decision-making skills are still developing, and he’s still learning that
actions have consequences and even risks sometimes.
IV. Moral and spiritual aspects of development that happen during teenage years
Teens must make moral judgments on a daily basis. When children are younger, their family,
culture, and religion greatly influence their moral decision-making. However, during the
early adolescent period, peers have a much greater influence. Peer pressure can exert a
powerful influence because friends play a more significant role in teens' lives. Furthermore,
the new ability to think abstractly enables youth to recognize that rules are simply created by
other people. As a result, teens begin to question the absolute authority of parents, schools,
government, and other traditional institutions.
By late adolescence most teens are less rebellious as they have begun to establish their own
identity, their own belief system, and their own place in the world. Some youth who have
 reached the highest levels of moral development may feel passionate about their moral code;
as such, they may choose to participate in activities that demonstrate their moral convictions.
For example, some college students may organize and participate in demonstrations and
protests while other students may volunteer their time for projects that advance the ethical
principles they hold important.
2.) Research on the changes and processes that a teenager goes through with respect to that
aspect of development
Girls
During puberty your ovaries get bigger and your body will start to produce two hormones -
oestrogen and progesterone.
Oestrogen causes your breast to grow and helps your vagina, uterus and fallopian tubes to
develop. It also makes you grow taller and also changes the way fat is stored on your body
making your waist, hips and buttocks more obvious.After puberty, oestrogen and progesterone
control your menstrual cycle or period.Girls’ bodies increase in size and shape during puberty.
Their hips become more rounded and they get a more defined waist. The vulva, vagina and
nipples get bigger and the breasts begin to develop, sometimes unevenly.Other changes include
pubic hair appearing and a vaginal discharge - an increase in the mucous produced in the vagina.
Girls also start menstruating or having their period during this time.
Boys
For young men, the hormone testosterone is the hormone that starts development from boy to
man.Testosterone is the major male sex hormone and it is produced in the testes.
Testosterone levels rise significantly during puberty. When levels are high enough, testosterone
starts the production of sperm, causes the chest and shoulders to broaden and causes facial hair to
grow.
Boys’ bodies also change during puberty.Their shoulders and chests become broader and their
muscles get bigger. They may have a temporary swelling of the breasts as their hormones sort
themselves out.Hair starts to grow on the face and sometimes the chest.Their voices get deeper
and may go up and down or sometimes sound quite croaky all in one sentence.The penis and
testicles will get bigger; they have more erections, sometimes for no reason. Boys testicles
usually start producing sperm between 11 and 16 years - at the time they start to grow pubic
hair.They start to ejaculate and/or reach orgasm when masturbating and some boys will have wet
dreams.
What Physical Changes Happen During puberty?
During puberty you can expect a lot of changes to your body. Your genitals will get bigger.
In girls the breasts will grow and your vagina, uterus and fallopian tubes will develop.
In boys the penis and testes will get bigger. Boys will get erections more frequently.
Both boys and girls will get:taller, heavier and strongeran increase in sweating more oily skin
hair growing around their genitals, under their arms and on their legs and arms.Showing the
physical changes in the female body during puberty. The influx of hormones during puberty can
cause a range of feelings or emotions in both young women and young men and these feelings
can change often. You might get: sudden mood changes changing emotions
an involuntary increase in sexual feelings and fantasies.
3.) List down possible consequences (both positive and negative) brought about by these
changes
Positive
Improve one personality
Makes a person mature
Can help to expand knowledge
Physical changes improves skills
Improves ones critical thinking
Shapes into new figures
Develops spirituality
Negative
Early initiation of alcohol, sexual interaction and teenage pregnancy
Depression
Self Esteem Issues
Developed Without Equal Brain Development
Increased rates of adult obesity
Increased rates of reproductive cancers
Psychiatric Disorders
4.) Think and write down what a teenager can do in order to make the changes in his or her life
benefit him or her. What opportunities can be opened for teenagers because of these
changes?
I think the first thing that he or she must do in order to make the changes benefit him or
her is to accept and embrace those changes because if he or she will not accept those
rapid changes it will just cost him or her to suffer and struggle on facing those changes.
Second, grab that opportunity to make a new persona. This puberty is also a chance for us
to start and further enhance ourselves. This will be an opportunity for them to build and
make their own persona that can help them to reach their individuality. This can open
new doors for opportunity for example your looks can change there is a possibily that you
can be a future model or actor and a lot more.

5.) Think and write down what adults can do in order to help teenagers with respect to this
aspect of development.
Adults should support their child and praise them for their efforts, achievements and
positive behavior to avoid mental and emotional stress.
They should also put theirselves in their child’s shoes, and try to see their behaviour for
what it often is: their child struggling to become an individual.
Parents must stay calm during angry outbursts from your child. Wait for your child to
cool down before talking about the problem.
Stay interested and involved, and be available if your child wants to talk.
Chat to your partner or other parents of teenagers. Sharing concerns and experiences can
ease the load.
Try to support your child in their self-expression, even if some of it seems odd to you,
such as an extreme haircut or offbeat clothing choices.
Try to tolerate long periods of time spent on personal care, such as hours in the bathroom,
but chat to your child about reasonable family time limits.
Talk to your child about any permanent changes they want to make to their body, such a
tattoos and piercings, and discuss temporary alternatives, such as henna (removable)
tattoos.
 If your child has acne, talk to them about how they feel about it. If it is bothering them,
ask if they would like to see a doctor. Your doctor may refer your teenager to a skin
specialist or dermatologist.

Electronic Sources :

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